Dementia is defined as a syndrome which is characterized by various impairments in cognitive functions, especially memory function, Most of the diagnostic criteria for dementia include memory impairment as no essential feature. Memory decline can be present as a consequence of the aging process, But it does not cause significant distress or impairment in social and occupational functionings while dementiadoes. Depression may also be associated with memory impairment. funcitionings while dementiadoes. Depression may also be associated with memory impairment. However, unlike dementia, depression dose not cause decrease in delayed verbal learning and recognition memory. In dementia, different features of memory impairment may be present depending on the involved area. Memory impairment in cortical dementia is affected by the disturbance of encoding of information and memory consolidation, while memory imparnene in subcrotical denentiy is affected y the disturbance of retrieval in subcortial dementia.
Aging ; Dementia ; Depression ; Humans ; Memory* ; Verbal Learning

No abstract available.
Hypertension, Portal*

No abstract available.
Catheters*

[Background] Over the last thirty years, majority of researches on clinical effectiveness of acupuncture have been explanatory (or experimental) randomized controlled trial. The benefits of acupuncture in clinical trials are stillcontroversial and most studies concluded that further control studies were required. Standardized combinations of acupuncture points for all the experimental subjects in various past studies have been criticized because such treatments do not reflect current routine clinical treatment.
[Objective] This paper aims to review pragmatic clinical trials on the effect of acupuncture treatment and to develop the ideal clinical research methodology of acupuncture study.
[Method] Clinical studies of acupuncture relevant with pragmatic or individualized trials were searched mainly in Pubmed and Science direct databases. All articles were fully reviewed by researchers, and data were evaluated by usage of a standardized form.
[Results & Suggestion] Pragmatic acupuncture researches were tried for various symptoms (eg. low back pain, hypertension, depression during pregnancy, sleep quality in HIV disease, chronic poststroke leg spasticity, headache, etc). Individualized acupuncture treatments based on oriental disease pattern diagnosis reflexes practical treatments which is more effective than unified and fixed acupuncture treatments without any theoretical basis of oriental medical philosophy.
[Conclusion] To overcome the controversies and limitations of past explanatory acupuncture trials, more individualized and tailored acupuncture trials with the theoretical basis of oriental medical diagnosis is highly recommended. Also clear definition and categorization of pattern identification should be established for further active clinical researches and applications of acupuncture.

Adenomyoepithelioma is a rare benign tumor which occurs mainly in the skin, salivary gland and very rarely in the breast. Histologically this tumor demonstrates biphasic differentiation of luminal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells. We report a case of adenomyoepithelioma occuring in the outer lower quadrant of the right breast of a 56-year-old female, confirmed histologically with an aid of immunohistochemistry. This is the first documented report in Korean literature.
Adenomyoepithelioma* ; Breast* ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Phenobarbital ; Salivary Glands ; Skin

Malignant rhabdoid tumor is a distinct renal tumor in pediatric age group and extremely rare in adults. It was originally described as a rhabdomyosarcomatoid variant of Wilms' tumor. But subsequent studies failed to confirm myogenous differentiation, so the rhabdoid tumor is now considered to be a distinct and unique disease type of highly malignant renal tumor, histogenetically unrelated to Wilms' tumor. However the histogenesis have not been clearly defined until now. We report a case of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney in a 34-year-old man who represented with a left abdominal mass. Grossly, a large mass occupying most of the left kidney except for a part of upper pole was invading beyond renal capsule and the perirenal soft tissue. It measured 18x14 cm in dimension and was soft, lobulated and yellowish gray with large areas of hemorrhage and necroses. Microscopically, the tumor mass was composed of sheets of round or polygonal neoplastic cells growing in a solid pattern. These tumor cells were medium to large in size with ample cytoplasm containing recognizable eosinophilic inclusion and had an eccentrically located, large nucleus with one or a few prominent nucleoli. Mitotic figures were frequently observed. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells contained whorled filamentous inclusions corresponding to vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin in immunostaining.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is characterized histologically by massive infilteration of right ventricular wall by fat tissue with surviving strands of cardiomyocytes bordered by or embedded in fibrosis. ARVC has been recognized as a cause of sudden death, especially in the young. We report an autopy case of ARVD/C in a 35-year-old female. She was found dead in her house under apparently natural circumstances. The autopsy revealed a dilated 340-gram heart with a fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium. On the review of her past medical history, she had taken medical examination for prolonged general weakness about 1 year prior to death. At that time the echocardiogram revealed dilatation of right ventricular cavity size and moderately decreased left ventricular systolic function, the electrocardiogram revealed R>S at V1 lead and T-wave inversion at V1-V3 leads. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second autopsy case of ARVD/C, reported in the literature of Korea.
Adult ; Autopsy* ; Death, Sudden ; Dilatation ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Heart ; Humans ; Korea ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac

Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) is a conjugation enzyme in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous lipophilic compounds for their excretion and detoxification. Acidic isozyme of GST, GST-Pi, has been recognized as a preneoplastic marker in the experimental hyperplastic nodules of liver in rats, and GST-Pi is abundant in the squamous cells of the skin, also. This histochemical study was carried out to evaluate the distribution and the relationship between the differentiation status of squamous cells in dysplastic or neoplastic epithelium in various organs. The human placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-Pi) were stained immunohistochemically with specific anti GST-Pi rabbit antibody in 23 cases of human squamous cell carcinomas. The patients consisted of 14 cases from the uterine cervix, 3 cases from the esopahgus, 3 cases from the lung and 3 cases from the larynx. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Basal cells in normal mucosa were stained negative for GST-Pi while superficial keratinocytes were stained moderately positive. Basal dysplastic cells were stained negatively or weakly positive. Carcinoma cells especially large cells either keratinizing or nonkeratinizing were stained moderately to strongly. Carcinoma cells surrounding keratin pearl were strongly reacted with GST-Pi than other carcinoma cells. 2. Differentiated cells of squamous cell carcinoma showed moderate to strong positive reaction to GST-Pi staining irrespective of its site of origin. 3. Therefore, Immunohistochemical staining pattern of GST-Pi in various squamous carcinoma cells showed similar immunohistochemical reaction to the GST-pi, which is closely correlated to the degree of differentiation, keratinigation and also suggested that squamous carcinoma cells had abundant GST-Pi related detoxifying system.
Humans ; Rabbits ; Animals

No abstract available.
Jaundice, Chronic Idiopathic*

No abstract available.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Cicatrix* ; Median Nerve*