No abstract available.
Female ; Mammals* ; Ovulation* ; Rupture*

BACKGROUND: The severity of several chronic inflammatory diseases was reported to be associated with polymorphism of the IL-1 receptor antagonist gene(IL-lrn). OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to study the polymorphism of the IL-1rn in vitiligo and in the normal Korean population. METHODS: Thirty one cases of vitiligo and seventy nine normal Koreans as control were studied for the polymorphism of IL-1 rn. RESULTS: The frequency of allele 2 of the IL- I rn in 31 patients with vitiligo was compared with that of the 79 healthy controls. The frequency of allele 2 was 1.6% in vitiligo patients and 3.8% in the normal controls. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the frequency of allele 2 between the vitiligo patients and normal controls.
Alleles ; Humans ; Interleukin-1* ; Vitiligo*

Metal brackets were recycled by variable methods for economic reason. Such recycling methods had a great effect on bracket slot width and bonding strength. Therefore, the recycling methods that don't change the properties of original bracket were suggested. In this study, debonded brackets were recycled with 30 kinds of solvents and bracket surfaces were examined by S.E.M. (Super IlIA, lSI International Scientific Instruments, Japan) and Stero Microscope (Sz-Tr, Olympus Tokyo, Japan) methods. The following results were obtained. 1. Thermosetting resin adhesives (eq. Monolok(R), Concise(R)) were swelled most in sulfuric acid (assays 95%) and slightly in alcohol groups. 2. The solvent was exchanged every 24 hours during the brackets were recycled with sulfuric acid (assays 95%). As the passage of time, the adhesives were removed more clearly, and after 72 hours adhesives were nearly detached from bracket base. 3. Chemical recycled metal bracket surface showed no irregular structure by S.E.M. method.
Adhesives ; Recycling* ; Solvents ; Sulfur

This study was to find out whether the rendering screen difference affect to measuring distance in a CAD program according to three types of CAD programs. Materials and methods: The model presented in ISO 12836 for dental scanner evaluation was reduced by 70%. This model was repeatedly scanned 15times using Trios II (3Shape, Denmark). Using the output STL file, 3Shape CAD, inLab 15, and ExoCAD programs were used to measure the horizontal distance (H) and vertical distance (V) between adjacent point angle, and for each experiment, three groups were set according to the CAD program type. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA test and post hoc was performed using Dunnett T3 test. Results: In the horizontal and vertical distance measurement, there was no difference in the average of the measured values between the three groups according to the CAD program (P>.05). Conclusion: There were no effect of the difference in the rendering screen in the horizontal and vertical linear distance measurements of the inlay model on the dental CAD program.

Choriocarcinoma is one of the malignant tumors of trophoblastic cells characterized by the secretion of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (1-3). Cutaneous metastasis is a rare presentation of choriocarcinoma but a poor prognostic sign because it is associated only with widespread disease (3-5). A 52-yr-old female complaining of dyspnea for 2 months, presented with fingertip sized erythematous nodules on the left side of the neck and the right side of the upper back of 1 month duraton. She has suffered from Behcet's disease since 1999. Microscopic examination of a nodule of upper back demonstrated biphasic pattern of cytotrophoblasts and hCG-positive syncytiotrophoblasts, and the typical histologic features of choriocarcinoma. She was referred to the gynecological oncology department. After 17 cycles of combination chemotherapy, the serum hCG level has fallen from 700,000 to under 2.0 mIU/mL and the skin lesions have almost disappeared. However, after 3 months, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed due to elevated serum hCG level (4,447.7 mIU/mL), and she is scheduled to receive post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy.
Choriocarcinoma/blood/*pathology ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Skin Neoplasms/*secondary ; Uterine Neoplasms/blood/*pathology

BACKGROUND: An important constituent of normal human oral microflora has long been recognized. The increase in the incidence of candidal infections has been associated with the increase in the number of patients at risk. Especially, diabetic patients have been increased susceptibility to general and local infections, but it is often equivocal whether or not risk factors such as oral-ambient conditions are related to candidal colonization. OBJECTIVE: The isolates of candidal species were evaluated in the oral cavity of diabetic patients in comparison with non-diabetic, non-immunocompromized subjects. Risk factors that could influence candidal colonization in diabetic patients were also studied. METHOD: Candidal species were isolated from the oral mucosa of 205 diabetics and 62 non-diabetics, using oral swab and smear technique. They were identified by germ tube test, Cornmeal-Tween agar and API 20C system. RESULTS: The frequency of oral candidal isolates was more common in 130 isolates (63.4%) in diabetic patients compared with 23 (37.1%) isolates in controls (p<0.05), but insignificantly related in age and sex distribution of both groups (p>0.05). Germ tubes were formed in the 102 species and chlamydospores in the 105 species in diabetic patients. Candida(C) albicans among the species was the most frequent isolates in both groups (80.8% vs 69.6%). The isolated 130 candidal species, identified by API 20C system, in diabetic patients, showed C. albicans (104), C. tropicalis (16), C. parapsilosis (6), C. krusei (1), C. kefyr (1) and unidentified species (2) compared with C. albicans (16), C. tropicalis (2), C. parapsilosis (2), C. krusei (3), C. kefyr (3) in 23 of controls. These results were almost same in both groups except for the relative high frequency of C. kefyr in controls. As for the risk factors, the isolates were increased in diabetic patients who were smokers (p<0.05), but insignificantly associated with sex, age, glycosylated hemoglobin and wearing of denture (p>0.05). Candidal culture rate and diabetic duration were not correlated (p>0.05). The number of colonies in SDA plate was significantly increased in smokers and denture-wearers (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The frequency of oral candidal isolates in diabetic patients is higher than in that of controls. Oral-ambient factors such as smoking, probably involve in the development of oral candidal colonization, but not being the result of a single factor.
Agar ; Candida ; Colon ; Dentures ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mouth ; Mouth Mucosa ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Smoke ; Smoking

BACKGROUND: An important constituent of normal human oral microflora has long been recognized. The increase in the incidence of candidal infections has been associated with the increase in the number of patients at risk. Especially, diabetic patients have been increased susceptibility to general and local infections, but it is often equivocal whether or not risk factors such as oral-ambient conditions are related to candidal colonization. OBJECTIVE: The isolates of candidal species were evaluated in the oral cavity of diabetic patients in comparison with non-diabetic, non-immunocompromized subjects. Risk factors that could influence candidal colonization in diabetic patients were also studied. METHOD: Candidal species were isolated from the oral mucosa of 205 diabetics and 62 non-diabetics, using oral swab and smear technique. They were identified by germ tube test, Cornmeal-Tween agar and API 20C system. RESULTS: The frequency of oral candidal isolates was more common in 130 isolates (63.4%) in diabetic patients compared with 23 (37.1%) isolates in controls (p<0.05), but insignificantly related in age and sex distribution of both groups (p>0.05). Germ tubes were formed in the 102 species and chlamydospores in the 105 species in diabetic patients. Candida(C) albicans among the species was the most frequent isolates in both groups (80.8% vs 69.6%). The isolated 130 candidal species, identified by API 20C system, in diabetic patients, showed C. albicans (104), C. tropicalis (16), C. parapsilosis (6), C. krusei (1), C. kefyr (1) and unidentified species (2) compared with C. albicans (16), C. tropicalis (2), C. parapsilosis (2), C. krusei (3), C. kefyr (3) in 23 of controls. These results were almost same in both groups except for the relative high frequency of C. kefyr in controls. As for the risk factors, the isolates were increased in diabetic patients who were smokers (p<0.05), but insignificantly associated with sex, age, glycosylated hemoglobin and wearing of denture (p>0.05). Candidal culture rate and diabetic duration were not correlated (p>0.05). The number of colonies in SDA plate was significantly increased in smokers and denture-wearers (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The frequency of oral candidal isolates in diabetic patients is higher than in that of controls. Oral-ambient factors such as smoking, probably involve in the development of oral candidal colonization, but not being the result of a single factor.
Agar ; Candida ; Colon ; Dentures ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mouth ; Mouth Mucosa ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Smoke ; Smoking

When teeth are extracted, patient face social, psychological and aesthetic problems which can be minimized by fabricating a interim immediate denture. Interim immediate denture manufactured using digital technology can be completed with reduced number of patients’ visits and simple laboratory process. Implant-supported removable partial denture (ISRPD) has been suggested as alternative treatment option when fixed implant prosthesis is not feasible. In this case, interim immediate dentures were fabricated using digital technology for patient after teeth extraction and treatment using ISRPD by installing implants and surveyed crowns is found to be successful with better support, stability and maintenance of removable partial dentures.

BACKGROUND: Dobutamine and amrinone, phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor, are known to have both inotropic and vasodilatory properties. We evaluated the effects of both drugs on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). METHODS: With Institutional Review Board approval, 45 patients whose mean pulmonary arterial pressure was greater than 30 mmHg were studied. After sternotomy under the steady state of anesthesia and controlled ventilation (30 mmHg < PaCO2 < 40 mmHg), patients recieved one of following drugs for 30minutes (min); dobutamine 5.0ug/kg/min (Group I), low dose amrinone (loading dose 1.0 mg/kg, followed by infusion 7.5 g/kg/min, Group II) or high dose amrinone (loading dose 2.0 mg/kg, followed by infusion 10 g/kg/min, Group III). Hemodynamic variables were measured at 10 min and 30 min after start of infusion. RESULTS: Dobutamine didn't decrease pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and cause no hemodynamic change while low and high dose amrinone reduced PAP and especcially decrease of PAP in low dose amrinone group was statistically significnat. High dose amrinone increased cardiac index (CI) and decreased both systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and central venous pressure (CVP) more significantly than control value. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with chronic right ventricular failure associated with PH, amrinone may decrease the PAP and improve cardiac performance more effectively than dobutamin does. Increment of dosage of amrinone may not result in significant reduction of PAP.
Amrinone* ; Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Central Venous Pressure ; Dobutamine* ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Sternotomy ; Vascular Resistance ; Ventilation

To study the pattern of prenatal care utilization and its determinants in rural Korea, 976 mothers(65.5%) out of 1,489 living mothers in Chinyang, Sachon and Hapchon Counties in Kyongsangnam Province who had delivered a baby between July 1, 1990 and June 30, 1991 were interviewed by the Myon health workers from January 3 through February 15, 1992. The Andersen's behavioral model for health service utilization was applied to develop the frames for analysis. The dependent variable was a number of prenatal care visits. And the independent variables included in the model were the variables pertaining to the predisposing, enabling, medical need and other components. The proportion of mother who had ever received the prenatal care service for the index pregnancy was 97.3%. However, the proportion of mothers who had made more than 10 visits was only 20.6%, which indicated that majority of mothers had paid far less visits than recommended 10~12 visits for each normal pregnancy. The low utilization of prenatal care services(none or less than 4 visits) was related to mother's low educational level, the high birth order, beneficiary of the medical aid, the absence of clinic in the community, no diagnosed disease of mother during pregnancy, and mothers engaged in farming. Inequity of access seemed to exist because social structure variables and the variables of enabling component were important predictors. And there seemed to be high mutability in equalizing the distribution of prenatal care services because the variables of enabling component such as type of medical security and whether there was a clinic or not in the community were substantially important.
Birth Order ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Health Services ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care*