Objective: The I-gel device and endotracheal tube are used for advanced airway management during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study compares differences in the ventilation volume according to the fixation methods (tape and band) of I-gel using a simulation manikin. Methods: I-gel was placed in an advanced life support simulator and fixed with either tape or band fixation, and an endotracheal tube was inserted using an endotracheal tube holder (AnchorFast). CPR was performed according to the 2020 Korean CPR guidelines, using a mechanical chest compression device (LUCAS) and an adult bag. CPR was performed for 30 minutes. Positional shifts of the I-gel and endotracheal tube and differences in the ventilation volume on the simulation manikin were subsequently measured. Five trials were carried out in each setting. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 27.0. A P-value <0.05 is considered significant. Results: The following positional shifts were obtained after 30 minutes of CPR: I-gel tape fixation, 4.96±0.72 mm; I-gel band fixation, no change; endotracheal tube holder, no change. The mean ventilation volumes obtained were 504.43± 14.42, 536.86±5.56, and 528.38±8.81 mL, respectively. Conclusion Our results indicate that the use of I-gel is as effective as an endotracheal tube for initial airway maintenance during CPR in the hospital. We recommend using an elastic band-type fixation device for the fixation method.

We studied 33 patients with acute urinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia for evaluating the recovery of the detrusor muscle function and its affecting factors through the serial urodynamic studies prospectively. And ninety nine patients were studied for risk factors of acute urinary retention retrospectively. Among the 33 patients studied prospectively, detrusor contraction at immediate decompression was observed in 20 cases(60.7%) and was not observed in 13 cases (39.3%), and there was statistically significant difference in the retained volume and duration of retention between two groups. In 10 cases of non-contraction group at immediate decompression, serial urodynamic studies showed that detrusor contraction recovered within 2 days in 4 cases, but in 6 cases no detrusor contraction was found upto 5 days. Overall, detrusor function recovered in 80% or patients within 2 days. Among the patients studied for risk factors, hesitancy and interruption were the most common symptoms whereas urgency and urge incontinence were the least common. In conclusion, it is thought that acute urinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia is resulted from temporary or permanent loss of detrusor muscle function due to overdistension, and the degree of retention duration and retained volume expressly affect the severity of loss of detrusor muscle function. The risk of acute urinary retention is higher in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with obstructive symptoms rather than irritative symptoms.
Decompression ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge ; Urinary Retention* ; Urodynamics

Percutaneous nephrostomy has proved to be a safe and effective procedure to preserve renal function in obstructive uropathy by the development of radiologic technologies and experiences, which is associated with a low rate of significant complications. Bowel perforation is an unusual complication of this technique. We report a case of a nephro-colo-cutaneous fistula following percutaneous nephrostomy in a case of renal tuberculosis.
Fistula* ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous* ; Tuberculosis, Renal

We presented one case of 43 years old man with ectopic ureter entering the seminal vesicle associated with ectopic renal dysplasia. He had complained of perineal and lower abdominal discomfort, hemospermia. The definite diagnosis was made by seminal vesiculogram through vas deferens. We report the case with brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Hemospermia ; Humans ; Seminal Vesicles* ; Ureter* ; Vas Deferens

Since March 1978, 78 men, husbands of infertile couples who consulted our Severance Hospital Urologic department were instructed to collect seminal fluid samples after at least 3 days of abstinence. Of these 78 patients 28 (35.9%) demonstrated aspermia. The remaining 50 patients were evaluated with past history and physical examination. The semen was examined for liquefaction, volume, sperm motility, morphology, and WBC count. The results were as follows: 1. The mean age was 31.8 years and mean period of infertility was 3.4 years. 2. 34% of the patients had suffered from urethritis, or epididymitis. 3. Varicoceles were found in 14% of the patients. 4. The mean pH of the specimens was 7.4, time of liquefaction was 13.9 minutes and in all of the patients did liquefaction occur within 30 minutes. 5. The volume of the ejaculate averaged 3.4 ml, and in 6% of the patients the volume was below 1 ml. 6. The sperm concentration averaged 60.5 million/ml and 34% had concentrations less than 20 million. The total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate averaged 205.8 million and 26% had total sperm counts under 50 million. 7. Ployspermia was found in 2 men (4%) 8. The mean percentage of active sperm was 53.7% 9. The motile sperm count averaged 31.1 million/ml and the total motile sperm per ejaculate averaged 107.6 million. 10. The percentage of oval cells or normal sperm averaged 68.1% 11. In patients with WBC more than 5/HPF in semen, mean sperm motility (42.0%) was lower than that of the other group (60.3%) 12. According to the fertility index, infertile was 6%, subfertile 44%, relative fertile 30% and highly fertile 20%. 13. In patients with varicocele, mean of the sperm motility was lower than that of patients without varicocele.
Aspermia ; Epididymitis ; Family Characteristics* ; Fertility ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infertility ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Semen Analysis* ; Semen* ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; Spouses* ; Urethritis ; Varicocele

Intercourse without ejaculation may be the result of anejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, nonemission, or aspermia. Twelve patients complaining ofnonejaculatory intercourse were studied. Two of them presented primarily with complaints of sexual dysfunction and 10 with infertility. All of them had primary infertility. Eight patients were anejaculation, which was primary in three and secondary in five. Four patients had nonemission. Six patients wanted early treatment for their infertility and underwent electroejaculation, which produced ejaculates in five. Intrauterine insemination was performed with the processed semen in three of the wives, but there are no pregnancies so far. We intend to keep trying such artificial insemination until we succeed.
Aspermia ; Ejaculation ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insemination ; Insemination, Artificial ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Semen ; Spouses

An objective finding for the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis (IC) is the so called `glomerulation`, petechial hemorrhages that occur after distention of the bladder. Glomerulation occurs in most IC patients and although there are some reports that it occurs in the normal bladder as well, there has been no actual study carried out to confirm this and further study into this matter is needed. Therefore, we induced glomerulations in non-IC patients and compared its frequency and severity with IC patients in order to elucidate the importance of glomerulation in IC. 25 (10 males, 15 females; mean age 44.3 years) IC patients received hydrodistention between Jan 1992 to Sep 1996 at the Department of Urology at Yongdong Severance Hospital. 12 (8 males, 4 females; mean age 47.5 years) non-IC patients who were to receive urological surgery under spinal or general anesthesia were selected for hydrodistention; there were 6 ureter stone, 4 BPH, and 2 stress urinary incontinence patients. 92.0% (23/25) of IC patients and 83.3% (10/12) of non-IC patients showed glomerulation and there was no statistical significance between the two groups. 76.0% (6 grade 2, 13 grade 3 glomerulation) of IC patients and 50.0% (3 grade 2, 3 grade 3) of non-IC patients showed glomerulation of grade 2 or higher. The frequency and severity of glomerulation was in an inverse relationship with trabeculation of the bladder. The sensitivity of glomerulation in the diagnosis of IC was 92.0% whereas the specificity was low with 16.7%. These findings suggest that glomerulation is nonspecific in IC and warrants further investigation.
Anesthesia, General ; Cystitis, Interstitial* ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urology

No abstract available.
Erectile Dysfunction* ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Male

PURPOSE: The aim of this review was to analyze the evaluation criteria on mandibular implant overdentures through a systematic review and suggest standardized evaluation criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted by PubMed search strategy and hand-searching of relevant journals from included studies considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) and clinical trial studies comparing attachment systems on mandibular implant overdentures until December, 2011 were selected. Twenty nine studies were finally selected and the data about evaluation methods were collected. RESULTS: Evaluation criteria could be classified into 4 groups (implant survival, peri-implant tissue evaluation, prosthetic evaluation, and patient satisfaction). Among 29 studies, 21 studies presented implant survival rate, while any studies reporting implant failure did not present cumulative implant survival rate. Seventeen studies evaluating peri-implant tissue status presented following items as evaluation criteria; marginal bone level (14), plaque Index (13), probing depth (8), bleeding index (8), attachment gingiva level (8), gingival index (6), amount of keratinized gingiva (1). Eighteen studies evaluating prosthetic maintenance and complication also presented following items as evaluation criteria; loose matrix (17), female detachment (15), denture fracture (15), denture relining (14), abutment fracture (14), abutment screw loosening (11), and occlusal adjustment (9). Atypical questionnaire (9), Visual analog scales (VAS) (4), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) (1) were used as the format of criteria to evaluate patients satisfaction in 14 studies. CONCLUSION: For evaluation of implant overdenture, it is necessary to include cumulative survival rate for implant evaluation. It is suggested that peri-implant tissue evaluation criteria include marginal bone level, plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth, and attached gingiva level. It is also suggested that prosthetic evaluation criteria include loose matrix, female detachment, denture fracture, denture relining, abutment fracture, abutment screw loosening, and occlusal adjustment. Finally standardized criteria like OHIP-EDENT or VAS are required for patient satisfaction.
Dental Implants ; Denture Rebasing ; Denture, Overlay* ; Dentures ; Female ; Gingiva ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mandibular Prosthesis ; Occlusal Adjustment ; Oral Health ; Patient Satisfaction ; Periodontal Index ; Survival Rate ; Visual Analog Scale ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Twenty vesicoureteral reflux patients with 31 reflux renal units were treated with endoscopic Teflon injection. Twenty one reflux renal units were cured and the success rate after first injection was 67.7 %. In 5 more renal units the second injection was done and the refluxes were subsided in all cases. The overall success rate was 83.9 %. Teflon injection was also effective in vesicoureteral reflux with neurogenic bladder. There are many benefits of endoscopic Teflon injection in the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux but long term follow-up is needed and we must consider the possibility or complication especially in child.
Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Polytetrafluoroethylene* ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*