Objective: The I-gel device and endotracheal tube are used for advanced airway management during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study compares differences in the ventilation volume according to the fixation methods (tape and band) of I-gel using a simulation manikin. Methods: I-gel was placed in an advanced life support simulator and fixed with either tape or band fixation, and an endotracheal tube was inserted using an endotracheal tube holder (AnchorFast). CPR was performed according to the 2020 Korean CPR guidelines, using a mechanical chest compression device (LUCAS) and an adult bag. CPR was performed for 30 minutes. Positional shifts of the I-gel and endotracheal tube and differences in the ventilation volume on the simulation manikin were subsequently measured. Five trials were carried out in each setting. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 27.0. A P-value <0.05 is considered significant. Results: The following positional shifts were obtained after 30 minutes of CPR: I-gel tape fixation, 4.96±0.72 mm; I-gel band fixation, no change; endotracheal tube holder, no change. The mean ventilation volumes obtained were 504.43± 14.42, 536.86±5.56, and 528.38±8.81 mL, respectively. Conclusion Our results indicate that the use of I-gel is as effective as an endotracheal tube for initial airway maintenance during CPR in the hospital. We recommend using an elastic band-type fixation device for the fixation method.

No abstract available.
Adenoma* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female

No abstract available.
Adenoma* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female

PURPOSE: The aim of this review was to analyze the evaluation criteria on mandibular implant overdentures through a systematic review and suggest standardized evaluation criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted by PubMed search strategy and hand-searching of relevant journals from included studies considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) and clinical trial studies comparing attachment systems on mandibular implant overdentures until December, 2011 were selected. Twenty nine studies were finally selected and the data about evaluation methods were collected. RESULTS: Evaluation criteria could be classified into 4 groups (implant survival, peri-implant tissue evaluation, prosthetic evaluation, and patient satisfaction). Among 29 studies, 21 studies presented implant survival rate, while any studies reporting implant failure did not present cumulative implant survival rate. Seventeen studies evaluating peri-implant tissue status presented following items as evaluation criteria; marginal bone level (14), plaque Index (13), probing depth (8), bleeding index (8), attachment gingiva level (8), gingival index (6), amount of keratinized gingiva (1). Eighteen studies evaluating prosthetic maintenance and complication also presented following items as evaluation criteria; loose matrix (17), female detachment (15), denture fracture (15), denture relining (14), abutment fracture (14), abutment screw loosening (11), and occlusal adjustment (9). Atypical questionnaire (9), Visual analog scales (VAS) (4), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) (1) were used as the format of criteria to evaluate patients satisfaction in 14 studies. CONCLUSION: For evaluation of implant overdenture, it is necessary to include cumulative survival rate for implant evaluation. It is suggested that peri-implant tissue evaluation criteria include marginal bone level, plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth, and attached gingiva level. It is also suggested that prosthetic evaluation criteria include loose matrix, female detachment, denture fracture, denture relining, abutment fracture, abutment screw loosening, and occlusal adjustment. Finally standardized criteria like OHIP-EDENT or VAS are required for patient satisfaction.
Dental Implants ; Denture Rebasing ; Denture, Overlay* ; Dentures ; Female ; Gingiva ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mandibular Prosthesis ; Occlusal Adjustment ; Oral Health ; Patient Satisfaction ; Periodontal Index ; Survival Rate ; Visual Analog Scale ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Since June 1978, 40 patients who had been taken renal arteriographies were analysed and following results were obtained. 1. Male to female ratio was approximately 1:1 and peak incidence was in the fifth decade. 2. The symptoms and signs as indications for renal arteriography were flank pain, gross hematuria, renal trauma, flank and abdominal mass, in decreasing order of frequency. 3. Renal arteriographies were performed in 8 patients who showed gross hematuria but normal excretory urography. In 6 patients arteriography showed clearly the absence of abnormal vasculature within the kidney. In the other two, the kidney were identified as having inflammatory change and arteriovenous malformation, respectively. 4. Arteriographically detected extravasation of urine which were not identified on excretory urography was noted in one case. 5. The over-all accuracy of the angiographic diagnosis of simple benign cyst and renal tumor was 100%.
Angiography* ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Male ; Urography

Urinary incontinence is a relatively common and potentially disabling disease affecting the life quality of a patient. Many successful series in the treatment of incontinence by medical or surgical therapy using autologous materials have been reported. However, those who have structural abnormalities, injury around the urethra, and derangements in the nervous system could not be benefited by such treatments. In other countries, the artificial urethral sphincter, introduced in 1972, have achieved satisfactory results and then increased in use; but in Korea, it was not widely used because of many limitations and obstacles. Based on our ten-year experience with 10 cases of implantation of artificial urethral sphincter from 1987 to 1996, we tried to elucidate the present status, problems, and the possible ways of improvements of its use within this country. A total of ten male patients underwent implantations of the AMS Model 800 artificial urethral sphincter. Mean age was 34.5 (17-43) years. Mean follow-up was 4.2 (0.5-10) years. Two patients were spinal cord injury patients, 2 meningomyeloceles, and 6 posterior urethral injuries. Two patients had the prosthesis removed due to infection and cuff erosion. In the other 8 patients, 6 were dry (75.0 %) and 1 was improved (12.5 %) and 1 was wet (12.5 %). The revision rate was 20% (2/10) and overall improvement of incontinence was observed in 7 (87%) patients. The reasons for the low incidence of the implantation of artificial urinary sphincter in this country are as follows. According to the other reports, the most common application of artificial urinary sphincter in the west is in the post-prostatectomy incontinence accounting for about 60% of artificial urinary sphincter implantation whereas in this country, the majority of cases are patients who had trauma. Since radical prostatectomy has not been established well in the country (in the recent 4 years, totally only 53 cases were performed) and also the excellent performance of the transurethral surgery making the incidence of incontinence low, could be one of the reasons. In addition, the high price of the prosthesis over 4 million won and operation fee of 3 to 6 million won is a formidable burden to most patients. In the view of mechanical problem, the cuff size of the urethra in the oriental people is observed smaller than the western, and we must let the company prepare the cuff set of smaller size. In conclusion, if we solve those problems in our country, the artificial urethral sphincter is an effective device for treatment of urinary incontinence in patients who have failed more conservative modes of therapy.
Fees and Charges ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Male ; Meningomyelocele ; Nervous System ; Prostatectomy ; Prostheses and Implants ; Quality of Life ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Urethra* ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Sphincter, Artificial

Intercourse without ejaculation may be the result of anejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, nonemission, or aspermia. Twelve patients complaining ofnonejaculatory intercourse were studied. Two of them presented primarily with complaints of sexual dysfunction and 10 with infertility. All of them had primary infertility. Eight patients were anejaculation, which was primary in three and secondary in five. Four patients had nonemission. Six patients wanted early treatment for their infertility and underwent electroejaculation, which produced ejaculates in five. Intrauterine insemination was performed with the processed semen in three of the wives, but there are no pregnancies so far. We intend to keep trying such artificial insemination until we succeed.
Aspermia ; Ejaculation ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insemination ; Insemination, Artificial ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Semen ; Spouses

Percutaneous nephrostomy has proved to be a safe and effective procedure to preserve renal function in obstructive uropathy by the development of radiologic technologies and experiences, which is associated with a low rate of significant complications. Bowel perforation is an unusual complication of this technique. We report a case of a nephro-colo-cutaneous fistula following percutaneous nephrostomy in a case of renal tuberculosis.
Fistula* ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous* ; Tuberculosis, Renal

PURPOSE: The onset and severity of voiding dysfunction in multiple system atrophy(MSA) is more early and severe than that of idiopathic Parkinson's disease(IPD). We compared the voiding symptoms and urodynamic findings in patients with MSA and IPD in order to elucidate the characteristics of their voiding dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed urodynamic data from 19 men and 10 women with parkisonism. Of the 29 patients(mean age 66.5 years), 19 patients (mean age 68.7 years) had IPD and 10 patients(mean age 62.4 years) had MSA. The mean duration of the disease in all patients was 4 years and 10 months, and there was no significant difference between IPD and MSA. RESULTS: Detrusor hyperreflexia(DH) was seen in 8 patients, detrusor hypereflexia with impaired detrusor contractility(DHIC) in 3, detrusor hyperreflexia with bladder outlet obstruction(DHOB) in 4, impaired detrusor contractility(If) in 8, and normal findings in 6. In IPD, DH was noted in 5 patients, DHIC in 3, DHOB in 2, IC in 5 and normal in 4, and a similar distribution was seen in MSA. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of involuntary detrusor contraction between IPD and MSA. Irritative voiding symptoms were seen in 11 patients, obstructive symptoms in 10, and both in 8. Obstructive symptoms were dominate in IPD and irritative symptoms in MSA. Impaired relaxation of the voluntary sphincter was seen in 12(41%) patients with parkisonism,8 in IPD, and 4 in MSA. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference between idiopathic Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy in mean age, sex, mean duration of disease, subjective voiding symptoms and urodynamic findings. Disease specific findings were not identified in patients with parkinsonism.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Multiple System Atrophy* ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Prevalence ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Relaxation ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics*

PURPOSE: Augmentation enterocystoplasty is a valuable technique, as a surgical repertoire, for urologists treating a myriad of conditions that cause either a small anatomic or functional bladder capacity. A variety of surgical techniques for augmentation cystoplasty have been developed. The clinical availability of augmentation cystoplasty was evaluated using a Goodwin's ileal cup-patched bladder in patients with a small capacity, high pressure, poorly compliant and unstable bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At our institute, 21 patients, with a neurogenic bladder, have undergone augmentation cystoplasty using a Goodwin's ileal cup-patched bladder, since July 1999. The mean age at operation and follow-up period were 32 years and 11 months, respectively. 9 patients had various degrees of vesicoureteral reflux. The preoperative assessments included urinalysis, urine culture, renal function tests, voiding cystourethrography and urodynamic evaluation. RESULTS: The mean bladder capacity increased from 170cc preoperatively to 438cc postoperatively. The mean maximal end-filling intravesical pressure decreased from 55cmH2O to 22cmH2O, with a significant increase in bladder compliance. There were no significant complications that required surgical revision. CONCLUSIONS: Augmentation cystoplasty using a Goodwin's ileal cup-patched bladder offers a high success rate, with low complications, in selected patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
Compliance ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Reoperation ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urodynamics ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux