Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a major cause of epiphora in infants and the incidence is known to be 1.75% to 12.5%. Debates continues about optimal management for patient`s age. Both early intervention and late intervention have advantages and disadvantages. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duet obstruction in association with the patient` s age to decide the optimal timing for probing. From January 1993 to November 1996, 85 eyes of 68 patients were diagnosed as congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and had probing under topical anesthesia. The success of probing was defined as improvement of symptoms for at least 4 weeks of period after probing. The probing was successful in 73 out of 85 eyes and the success rate was 85.8%. The success rate of infants between 3 to 9 months of age was 92.6%. The success rate of infants older than 10 months of age was 74.2%. The difference between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). The success rate of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction was highly associated with the age and it began to decrease when the age of the patient was over 10 months. Therefore it is recommendable to probe for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction before the age of the patient reaches 10 months.
Anesthesia ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Nasolacrimal Duct*

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between job stress and psychosocial stress among nurses at a university hospital in Incheon, Korea. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was administered to 476 nurses, of which 320 (67.2%) questionnaires were returned and 299 (62.8%) were regarded as containing reliable data for analyses. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess each respondent's sociodemographics, sleep quality, physical burden, job stress and psychosocial stress. Seven domains of occupational stress (e.g., Job demand, Insufficient job control, Interpersonal conflict, Job insecurity, Lack of reward, Organizational system and Occupational climates) according to the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) were used and psychosocial stress was measured using Dr. Chang's PWI-SF (Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form). We estimated the relation of job stress to psychosocial stress using univariate and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The logistic regression analyses indicated that the groups with high stress in 'Insufficient job control' (OR=2.67, 95% C.I.=1.37-5.23), 'Interpersonal conflict' (OR=2.32, 95% C.I.=1.19-4.51), 'Job insecurity' (OR=2.51, 95% C.I.=1.17-5.36), 'Organizational system' (OR=2.80, 95% C.I.=1.39-5.63), and 'Lack of reward' (OR=2.98, 95% C.I.=1.55-5.74) were more likely to experience high psychosocial stress. CONCLUSIONS: Our results tend to suggest that job stress is associated with psychosocial stress. The importance of job stress should be acknowledged and stress management programs need to be instigated to minimize the psychosocial stress caused by job stress.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Incheon ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Questionnaires ; Reward

The prognosis of patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph ALL) who relapsed after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is poor. Imatinib mesylate (Glivec (R) ) is an inhibitor of the ABL tyrosine kinase with potent antileukemic activity in advanced Ph ALL. The clinical effects of imatinib on Ph ALL recurring after allo-SCT have not been established. We describe the clinical activity of imatinib in a 7 year-old boy with Ph ALL relapsing after unrelated donor stem cell transplantation. Imatinib as a single agent resulted in rapid elimination of leukemic cells with ensuing prolonged neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Subsequent hematological recovery by donor-derived cells was associated with grade 3 graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), which responded to cyclosporine A and steroid. Imatinib successfully induced hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular remission of Ph ALL, and restored complete donor chimerism, along with controllable GvHD.
Child* ; Chimerism ; Cyclosporine ; Cytogenetics ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Mesylates* ; Neutropenia ; Philadelphia Chromosome* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Prognosis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Stem Cells* ; Thrombocytopenia ; Tissue Donors ; Unrelated Donors* ; Imatinib Mesylate