No abstract available.
Humans ; Knee*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Sterilization, Tubal*

On supine position the patient fixed at a point on the celling with the intact eye. Under the fluoroscope the tip of lacrimal probe was brought on the sclera, where the foreign body cast its shadow. Two exposures were taken at right angle. one frontally and the other laterally. The location of the foreign body was calculated with reference to the lacrimal probe. If a fluoroscope was not availabe, a lacrimal probe was brought to the estimated point on the sclera and two exposures were taken as above. If there was an error more than 3 mm between the indicator and the foreign body, the second localization was almost indispensable for the successful surgery. Bone free technique of Vogt was applied for very small foreign body in the anterior vitreous cavity. This accurate and convenient technique may be applied in every clinics for preparing the foreign body extraction, because it requires no special apparatus other than a standard X-ray machine and a lacrimal probe.
Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Sclera ; Supine Position

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the operative indications and the MRI findings in the herniated lumbar disc. We reviewed the lumbar spine MRI and medical records in the 158 patients of the herniated lumbar disc which were removed by open discectomy. We assessed the herniated lumbar disc in the MRI by the Steinmetz s classification and the operative findings with postoperative results at least 6 months. 170 levels of the operated lumbar discs in these patients consisted of protruded discs in 41 levels, extruded subligamentous discs in 91 levels, extruded transligamentous discs in 27 levels, sequestered discs in 11 levels. We recognized especially in the operated protruded discs that were combined with the lateral recess stenosis in most cases. Postoperatively, 139 patients (88%) had excellent and good results. We concluded that the clinical operative indications were correlated with the cases which were more severe than extruded subligamentous discs or protruded discs combined with lateral recess stenosis in MRI findings.
Classification ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diskectomy* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Medical Records ; Spine

Anal incontinence following pelvic trauma, surgery, or neurologic disorders has significant medical and social implication. Both Chetwood in 1902 and Bistom in 1944 utilized coccygeal origin portion of the gluteus maximus muscle for the anal sphincter reconstruction. The gluteus maximus muscle is a broad, fan-shaped muscle with a wide origin from the ilium sacrum and coccyx and a narrow insertion along the iliotibial band of the lateral femur. Its blood supply is from the inferior gluteal artery and its innervation is from L-5, S-1 roots by means of the inferior gluteal nerve Incisions are placed at the inferior border of the ischial tuberosity. Subcutaneous tunnels are created about the rectum and gluteal and perirectal incisions. Two overacting slings are being created Their opposing pull creates sphincter or valve effect about the distal rectum. We have experienced 2 cases of irregular, deep soft tissue defects of the perianal region requiring muscle coverage with the gluteus maximus muscle overlapping slings. We think the use of the gluteus maximus muscle is one of the most useful method for reconstruction of the anal sphincter mechanism.
Anal Canal* ; Arteries ; Coccyx ; Femur ; Ilium ; Nervous System Diseases ; Rectum ; Sacrum

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex(R)) in the treatment of diabetic macular edema refractory to combined treatment of bevacizumab and triamcinolone. METHODS: We reviewed 9 eyes of 9 patients with diabetic macular edema treated with dexamethasone intravitreal implant. The patients were included in the study if presenting with refractory diabetic macular edema of more than 3 months despite combined treatment of intravitreal bevacizumab injection with posterior subtenon triamcinolone injection or intravitreal triamcinolone injection. We assessed the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) using optical coherence tomography at initial visit and 1, 3 and 4 months. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 6.7 +/- 2.2 months. The baseline mean BCVA was 0.81 +/- 0.47 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (log MAR), which improved to 0.61 +/- 0.37 log MAR (p = 0.017), 0.57 +/- 0.38 log MAR (p = 0.011) and 0.62 +/- 0.36 log MAR (p = 0.027) at 1 month, 3 months and 4 months, respectively. The baseline mean CMT was 558.0 +/- 110.32 microm and decreased to 325 +/- 64.21 microm (p = 0.008) and 300.22 +/- 59.46 microm (p = 0.008) at 1 month and 3 months, respectively, then increased to 468.44 +/- 150.85 microm (p = 0.058) at 4 months after injection. CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone intravitreal implant showed short-term efficacy in the treatment of diabetic macular edema refractory to combined treatment of bevacizumab and triamcinolone and produced significant improvements in BCVA and CMT until 3 months after injection. The CMT then increased, but BCVA was sustained until the fourth month.
Dexamethasone* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Edema* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Triamcinolone ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

No abstract available.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Hepatitis*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effects of an oral vitamin supplementation on cognitive function in the elderly, 254 elderly people(experiment group) who were received an oral vitamin supplement for one-year was compared with 292 elderly who were treated as the control group in Koje city during the study period(from February 1997 to March 1998). METHODS: The cognitive function was tested by mini-mental state examination Korea(MMSE-K). Multiple regression analysis was done to control other confounding variables such as gender, age, educational level, smoking, alcohol, a past 15-day medical history, satisfaction for living cost, family number, cognitive function of the baseline survey. RESULTS: In the baseline survey, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 31%(mild impairment 12.5% and severe impairment 18.5%). There was a significant difference(0.76) in cognitive change in the elderly between two groups, 0.68 improved in the experiment group and 0.08 worsen in the control group(p<0.01). In multiple regression analysis, the significant variables were an oral vitamin supplementation, a past 15-day medical history, family number, cognitive function of baseline survey(p<0.05). The improvement of cognitive function was observed in those who do not have a past 15-day medical history, have a large family number, and have a low cognitive function of the baseline survey. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that an oral vitamin supplementation was effective in improving the cognitive function in the elderly and more effective in the cases with abnormal cognitive function.
Aged* ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vitamins*