No abstract available.
Humans ; Knee*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Sterilization, Tubal*

On supine position the patient fixed at a point on the celling with the intact eye. Under the fluoroscope the tip of lacrimal probe was brought on the sclera, where the foreign body cast its shadow. Two exposures were taken at right angle. one frontally and the other laterally. The location of the foreign body was calculated with reference to the lacrimal probe. If a fluoroscope was not availabe, a lacrimal probe was brought to the estimated point on the sclera and two exposures were taken as above. If there was an error more than 3 mm between the indicator and the foreign body, the second localization was almost indispensable for the successful surgery. Bone free technique of Vogt was applied for very small foreign body in the anterior vitreous cavity. This accurate and convenient technique may be applied in every clinics for preparing the foreign body extraction, because it requires no special apparatus other than a standard X-ray machine and a lacrimal probe.
Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Sclera ; Supine Position

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the operative indications and the MRI findings in the herniated lumbar disc. We reviewed the lumbar spine MRI and medical records in the 158 patients of the herniated lumbar disc which were removed by open discectomy. We assessed the herniated lumbar disc in the MRI by the Steinmetz s classification and the operative findings with postoperative results at least 6 months. 170 levels of the operated lumbar discs in these patients consisted of protruded discs in 41 levels, extruded subligamentous discs in 91 levels, extruded transligamentous discs in 27 levels, sequestered discs in 11 levels. We recognized especially in the operated protruded discs that were combined with the lateral recess stenosis in most cases. Postoperatively, 139 patients (88%) had excellent and good results. We concluded that the clinical operative indications were correlated with the cases which were more severe than extruded subligamentous discs or protruded discs combined with lateral recess stenosis in MRI findings.
Classification ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diskectomy* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Medical Records ; Spine

Anal incontinence following pelvic trauma, surgery, or neurologic disorders has significant medical and social implication. Both Chetwood in 1902 and Bistom in 1944 utilized coccygeal origin portion of the gluteus maximus muscle for the anal sphincter reconstruction. The gluteus maximus muscle is a broad, fan-shaped muscle with a wide origin from the ilium sacrum and coccyx and a narrow insertion along the iliotibial band of the lateral femur. Its blood supply is from the inferior gluteal artery and its innervation is from L-5, S-1 roots by means of the inferior gluteal nerve Incisions are placed at the inferior border of the ischial tuberosity. Subcutaneous tunnels are created about the rectum and gluteal and perirectal incisions. Two overacting slings are being created Their opposing pull creates sphincter or valve effect about the distal rectum. We have experienced 2 cases of irregular, deep soft tissue defects of the perianal region requiring muscle coverage with the gluteus maximus muscle overlapping slings. We think the use of the gluteus maximus muscle is one of the most useful method for reconstruction of the anal sphincter mechanism.
Anal Canal* ; Arteries ; Coccyx ; Femur ; Ilium ; Nervous System Diseases ; Rectum ; Sacrum

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Hepatitis*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex(R)) in the treatment of diabetic macular edema refractory to combined treatment of bevacizumab and triamcinolone. METHODS: We reviewed 9 eyes of 9 patients with diabetic macular edema treated with dexamethasone intravitreal implant. The patients were included in the study if presenting with refractory diabetic macular edema of more than 3 months despite combined treatment of intravitreal bevacizumab injection with posterior subtenon triamcinolone injection or intravitreal triamcinolone injection. We assessed the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) using optical coherence tomography at initial visit and 1, 3 and 4 months. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 6.7 +/- 2.2 months. The baseline mean BCVA was 0.81 +/- 0.47 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (log MAR), which improved to 0.61 +/- 0.37 log MAR (p = 0.017), 0.57 +/- 0.38 log MAR (p = 0.011) and 0.62 +/- 0.36 log MAR (p = 0.027) at 1 month, 3 months and 4 months, respectively. The baseline mean CMT was 558.0 +/- 110.32 microm and decreased to 325 +/- 64.21 microm (p = 0.008) and 300.22 +/- 59.46 microm (p = 0.008) at 1 month and 3 months, respectively, then increased to 468.44 +/- 150.85 microm (p = 0.058) at 4 months after injection. CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone intravitreal implant showed short-term efficacy in the treatment of diabetic macular edema refractory to combined treatment of bevacizumab and triamcinolone and produced significant improvements in BCVA and CMT until 3 months after injection. The CMT then increased, but BCVA was sustained until the fourth month.
Dexamethasone* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Edema* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Triamcinolone ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

The importance of facet joint asymmetry has been debated as a cause of the low back pain and sciatica. And many studies have been proposed about the relationship between facet joint angle or facet joint asymmetry and the development of the disc degeneration or disc herniation. In the diagnosis of the spinal disorder, we have been used mainly myelogram and computed tomography. Several years ago, more advancement has been achieved by use of magnetic resonance image (MRI). Author studied the relationship between the facet joint angle and facet joint asymmetry and the development of the herniated nucleus pulposis (HNP) or spinal stenosis by comparision of the facet joint angle and facet joint asymmetry in each groups. Author reviewed the patients who were diagnosed as HNP or spinal stenosis with computerized tomography (CT) or MRI and treated with operative method at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Dong-A University Hospital. Facet joint angles were measured on the mid-disc cut, which was parallel to the inferior vertebral end-plate of the superior vertebra. The angles were measured by a midsagittal line through the disc and intersecting lines formed by conneqting the two end points of each facet. Facet joint asymmetry was determined by the difference between right and left facet joint angles. The results were compared between each groups and comparison group and statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal- Wallis test in 95% confidence interval. The patients had only one level involved and had no other spinal disorder. 85 cases of HNP (central in 35 cases and lateral in 50 cases) and 50 cases of spinal stenosis were evaluated. The results were as follows: l. At the level of L4-5, the mean facet joint angles (+/-SD) were 42.50+/-5.52 (Rt.), 46.71+/-9.68 (Lt.) in central HNP, 40.91+/-9.11 (Rt.), 41.23+/-8.51 (Lt.) in lateral HNP, 37.77+/-11.41 (Rt.), 37.95+/-11.91 (Lt.) in spinal stenosis and 42.38+/-5.07 (Rt.), 41.25+/-5.85 (Lt.) in control group. 2. At the level of LS-S1, the mean facet joint angles were 48.83+/-5.64 (Rt.), 48.17+/-4.62 (Lt.) in central HNP, 52.20+/-11.30 (Rt.), 51.60+/-9.06 (Lt.) in lateral HNP, 42.67+/-8.89 (Rt.), 43.50+/- 9.85 (Lt.) in spinal stenosis and 43.91+/-7.88 (Rt.), 43.76+/-7.81 (Lt.) in control group. 3. At the level of L4-5, the mean facet asymmery was 6.35+/-6.04 in central HNP, 6.95+/-6.76 in lateral HNP, 6.47+/-5.56 in spinal stenosis and 4.31+/-5.42 in control group. 4. At the level of L5-S1, the mean facet asymmetry was 4.95+/-5.18 in central HNP, 4.72+/-5.25 in lateral HNP, 5.50+/-4.83 in spinal stenosis and 4.42+/-4.96 in control group. In conclusion, there were no statistically significant relationships between the magnitude of the facet joint angle and development of the HNP and spinal stenosis, and between the facet asymmetry and development of the HNP and stenosis.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; Low Back Pain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Sciatica ; Spinal Stenosis* ; Spine* ; Zygapophyseal Joint*