Authore examined for the width, the trabecular pigment band and the iris process of the chamber angle in the non-glaucomatous eyes of the Korean people (total 86 eyes, among (them male 58 eyes, female 28 eyes, and ages of 7-67) by using the 3 mirror contact lens and slit-lamp (Goldmann 900). And these findings were evaluated with the age and the sex distribution. Also these preliminary data are now assisting in the study of pathologic findings of the chamber angle.
Female ; Humans ; Iris ; Male ; Sex Distribution

Authors experienced five different cases of keratitis such as metaherpetic keratitis, bullous keratitis, chemical keratitis and superficial punctate keratitis have been markedly improved by subconjunctival injection of Tathion (30-50mg), a glutathion prepartion. All cases showed remarkable improvement with better visual acuity following the treatment. Especially it was another choice of treatment in persisting case of metaherpetic keratitis with parenchymal infiltration. No side effects have been observed during this procedure.
Keratitis* ; Visual Acuity

The objects of the refractive examination are to check the refractive state of the eyes and to correct the refractive errors with glasses. This paper is directed to the basic methods of subjective and objective refractive examination.
Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Refractive Errors

Ketalar, a new parenteral anesthetic, was used as a clinical trial for 14 surgical cases ranged from 2 to 15 year old children, and also intraocular pressures of their patient's sound eyes were measured before and after Ketalar injection, I.M. 5-10 mg/kg. Unlike conventional anesthetic agents, Ketalar caused a significant rise in intraocular pressure within 5 minutes and then the pressure improved to normal range about 15 minutes after Ketalar injection. Ketalar could not recommended as a general anethetic agent in case who should examine the intraocular pressure. In eye surgery under 15 year old children, this agent would be a safe and effective general anesthetic, and in an emergent eye injured case, Ketalar is an agent of first choice and can injects to patient regardless of diet intake.
Adolescent ; Anesthetics ; Child* ; Diet ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Ketamine* ; Reference Values

In search of the effect of air pollution on the eye, the authors examined ocular symptoms and diseases in both an urban(Seoul) and two rural populations (Suwon and Changsung). The Prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and diseases between 109 occupational drivers of more than 3 years career in Seoul area which is one of the air polluted urban areas and 150 populations in the two different rural areas as a control group were compared. The prevalence rate of ocular symptoms was 89% in Seoul, 10% in Suwon and 23% in Changsung area, and those of ocular diseases were 35%, 6% and 10% in the same areas, respectively. The prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and diseases is respectively 3 to 4 times more prevalent in occupational drivers than in the control groups. Many other etiologic factors such as occupation, labor condition, environmental stress or different way of living may influence the prevalence rate between the two groups, however, it would be presumed that the main causative factor to cause ocular symptoms and diseases is probably due to air pollution.
Air Pollution ; Gyeonggi-do ; Occupations ; Prevalence* ; Rural Population* ; Seoul

The authors analysed statistically 223 cases of the eye injuries among 17,547 out-patients who visited to our clinic located at down-town of the city during Jan. 1965 to Sept. 1967. The incidence of the eye injuries is remarkably lower than the other reports from other communities. As far as the objects of eye injuries were concerned, ironpiece, fist and coal-dust were more frequent in 21~40 year-age group, while in under 10 year age group, knife, nail and finger-tip were more frequent. Male was exceedingly prevalent (162) than female (61). 21~30 year age group was also prevalent in regard to the incidence of the injuries.
Eye Injuries* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Outpatients*

The ideal suture for use in ophthalmic surgery is one that is fine yet strong, non-irritant, and non allergic, predictably and reliably absorbed after a suitable period of time, and with good knot holding properties. Polyglactin (Vicryl) 8-0 suture, newly developed absorbable suture was used in 10 cases of cataract extractions and trabeculectomy, The results were excellent with minimal complications. comparing with ordinary 10-0 monofilament nylon or 8-0 virgin silk.
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Nylons ; Polyglactin 910* ; Silk ; Sutures* ; Trabeculectomy*

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cellular response and morphological changes of cells on the intraocular lens(IOL) implanted over a course of time and to identify the basic mechanism of IOL adaptation to tissue reaction in the implanted eye by comparing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) IOL with heparin surface modified PMMA IOL. ECCE using Healon was done in 36 eyes of 36 rabbits. A heparin surface modified IOL was implanted in 18 eyes (Group I), while PMMA IOL was implanted into another 18 eyes (Group II). Corneal thickness and endothelial cell density were measured for 3 months. Postoperatively, the eyes were enucleated, and a cytopathologic examination of the cells on the surface of the IOL and their ultrastructural changes were observed with light and scanning microscope at various points of time. The findings of this present study suggested that heparin surface modified PMMA IOL reduced the degree of endothelial cell damage, postoperative tissue reaction, and pigment deposits on the surface of the IOL. These were statistically significant. The most important cell was considered to be the macrophage for the adaptation of IOL in the eye which gradually changedinto a fibroblast-like cell, giant cell and finally disappeared after forming an acellular membrane on the IOL.
Animals ; Cataract Extraction ; Cell Count ; Cornea/pathology ; Endothelium, Corneal/*pathology/ultrastructure ; *Heparin ; *Lenses, Intraocular ; Macrophages/pathology ; Materials Testing ; *Methylmethacrylates ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rabbits ; Uvea/pathology/ultrastructure

The aim of this study was to evaluate cellular response and morphological changes of the cells on the intraocular lens(IOL) implanted according to the progress of time, and to identify the basic mechanism of IOL adaptation to tissue reaction in the implanted eye by comparing polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) IOL with heparin surface modified PMMA IOL. ECCE using Healon(R) was done in thirty-six eyes of thirty six rabbits. A heparinsurface modified IOL was implanted in 18 eyes(Group I) while PMMA IOL into another 18 eyes(Group II). Corneal thickness and endothelial cell density were measured for three months. Postoperatively, eyes were enucleated and cytopathologic examination of cells on the surface of the IOL and their ultrastructual changes were observed with light and scanning microscope at various points of time. This finding of present study suggested heparin surface modified PMMA IOL reduced the degree of endothelial cell damage, postoperative tissue reaction and pigment deposits on the surface of the IOL. These were statistically significant. The most important cell was considered to be the macrophage for the adaptation of IOL in the eye and they gradually changes into fibroblast-like cell, giant cell and disappeared finally after forming acellular membrane on the IOL.
Endothelial Cells ; Giant Cells ; Heparin* ; Inflammation ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Macrophages ; Membranes ; Polymethyl Methacrylate* ; Rabbits

Recently iridectomy using argon or Nd-YAG laser to treat narrow angle glaucoma has become popular, and is now a procedure of choice over the standard surgical technique. However, shock wave of Nd-YAG laser causes hemorrhage in almost all cases and high energy level of Nd-YAG laser, which is required for iridectomy, causes injuries to the lens and cornea. Furthermore, there is a tendency toward closure of the iridectomy site after argon laser application. We performed iridectomies by combined application of argon and Nd-YAG laser in pigmented rabbits to improve iris bleeding, iridectomy patency, and lens and corneal damage. The iridectomy patency and the lens and corneal damage were examined with scanning electron microscope. The rabbits that underwent laser iridectomies with only Nd-YAG laser were used as a control group. The following results were obtained: 1. The bleeding rate of the iridectomy in the combined application group was 2.4% and in the control group 98.8% proving the combined application of both lasers to be higly effective. 2. In the experimental group, the patency rate of iridectomy was 33.3% at the energy level of 1 mJ, 66.6% at 2 mJ, 83.3% at 4 mJ, and 6 mJ, respectively. In the control group, the patency rate of iridectomy was 33.3% at the energy level of 4 mJ, 63.6% at 6 mJ, 83.3% at 8 mJ, respecively. At the same energy level, the experimental group showed a higher rate of patency than the control group. 3. In both experimental and control groups, the lens damage was noted at the energy level of 6 mJ or higher. The lens was not affected by lower energy Nd-YAG laser. 4. In the experimental and control groups, the corneal damage was observed at the energy level of 8 mJ or higher. The cornea was not affected by low energy Nd-YAG laser. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that laser iridectomy by combined application of argon and Nd-YAG lasers results in a lower rate of bleeding, a higher rate of patency, and less damage to the lens and cornea as compared with iridectomy performed by Nd-YAG laser only.
Argon* ; Cornea ; Glaucoma ; Hemorrhage ; Iridectomy* ; Iris ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Rabbits* ; Shock