Authore examined for the width, the trabecular pigment band and the iris process of the chamber angle in the non-glaucomatous eyes of the Korean people (total 86 eyes, among (them male 58 eyes, female 28 eyes, and ages of 7-67) by using the 3 mirror contact lens and slit-lamp (Goldmann 900). And these findings were evaluated with the age and the sex distribution. Also these preliminary data are now assisting in the study of pathologic findings of the chamber angle.
Female ; Humans ; Iris ; Male ; Sex Distribution

Ketalar, a new parenteral anesthetic, was used as a clinical trial for 14 surgical cases ranged from 2 to 15 year old children, and also intraocular pressures of their patient's sound eyes were measured before and after Ketalar injection, I.M. 5-10 mg/kg. Unlike conventional anesthetic agents, Ketalar caused a significant rise in intraocular pressure within 5 minutes and then the pressure improved to normal range about 15 minutes after Ketalar injection. Ketalar could not recommended as a general anethetic agent in case who should examine the intraocular pressure. In eye surgery under 15 year old children, this agent would be a safe and effective general anesthetic, and in an emergent eye injured case, Ketalar is an agent of first choice and can injects to patient regardless of diet intake.
Adolescent ; Anesthetics ; Child* ; Diet ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Ketamine* ; Reference Values

In search of the effect of air pollution on the eye, the authors examined ocular symptoms and diseases in both an urban(Seoul) and two rural populations (Suwon and Changsung). The Prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and diseases between 109 occupational drivers of more than 3 years career in Seoul area which is one of the air polluted urban areas and 150 populations in the two different rural areas as a control group were compared. The prevalence rate of ocular symptoms was 89% in Seoul, 10% in Suwon and 23% in Changsung area, and those of ocular diseases were 35%, 6% and 10% in the same areas, respectively. The prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and diseases is respectively 3 to 4 times more prevalent in occupational drivers than in the control groups. Many other etiologic factors such as occupation, labor condition, environmental stress or different way of living may influence the prevalence rate between the two groups, however, it would be presumed that the main causative factor to cause ocular symptoms and diseases is probably due to air pollution.
Air Pollution ; Gyeonggi-do ; Occupations ; Prevalence* ; Rural Population* ; Seoul

Authors experienced five different cases of keratitis such as metaherpetic keratitis, bullous keratitis, chemical keratitis and superficial punctate keratitis have been markedly improved by subconjunctival injection of Tathion (30-50mg), a glutathion prepartion. All cases showed remarkable improvement with better visual acuity following the treatment. Especially it was another choice of treatment in persisting case of metaherpetic keratitis with parenchymal infiltration. No side effects have been observed during this procedure.
Keratitis* ; Visual Acuity

The objects of the refractive examination are to check the refractive state of the eyes and to correct the refractive errors with glasses. This paper is directed to the basic methods of subjective and objective refractive examination.
Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Refractive Errors

The authors analysed statistically 223 cases of the eye injuries among 17,547 out-patients who visited to our clinic located at down-town of the city during Jan. 1965 to Sept. 1967. The incidence of the eye injuries is remarkably lower than the other reports from other communities. As far as the objects of eye injuries were concerned, ironpiece, fist and coal-dust were more frequent in 21~40 year-age group, while in under 10 year age group, knife, nail and finger-tip were more frequent. Male was exceedingly prevalent (162) than female (61). 21~30 year age group was also prevalent in regard to the incidence of the injuries.
Eye Injuries* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Outpatients*

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cellular response and morphological changes of cells on the intraocular lens(IOL) implanted over a course of time and to identify the basic mechanism of IOL adaptation to tissue reaction in the implanted eye by comparing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) IOL with heparin surface modified PMMA IOL. ECCE using Healon was done in 36 eyes of 36 rabbits. A heparin surface modified IOL was implanted in 18 eyes (Group I), while PMMA IOL was implanted into another 18 eyes (Group II). Corneal thickness and endothelial cell density were measured for 3 months. Postoperatively, the eyes were enucleated, and a cytopathologic examination of the cells on the surface of the IOL and their ultrastructural changes were observed with light and scanning microscope at various points of time. The findings of this present study suggested that heparin surface modified PMMA IOL reduced the degree of endothelial cell damage, postoperative tissue reaction, and pigment deposits on the surface of the IOL. These were statistically significant. The most important cell was considered to be the macrophage for the adaptation of IOL in the eye which gradually changedinto a fibroblast-like cell, giant cell and finally disappeared after forming an acellular membrane on the IOL.
Animals ; Cataract Extraction ; Cell Count ; Cornea/pathology ; Endothelium, Corneal/*pathology/ultrastructure ; *Heparin ; *Lenses, Intraocular ; Macrophages/pathology ; Materials Testing ; *Methylmethacrylates ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rabbits ; Uvea/pathology/ultrastructure

The ideal suture for use in ophthalmic surgery is one that is fine yet strong, non-irritant, and non allergic, predictably and reliably absorbed after a suitable period of time, and with good knot holding properties. Polyglactin (Vicryl) 8-0 suture, newly developed absorbable suture was used in 10 cases of cataract extractions and trabeculectomy, The results were excellent with minimal complications. comparing with ordinary 10-0 monofilament nylon or 8-0 virgin silk.
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Nylons ; Polyglactin 910* ; Silk ; Sutures* ; Trabeculectomy*

To develop a better clinical application of the epikeratoprosthesis it is important to find the suitablesize of the artificial corneal epithelium, the way of the application of adhesive and the way of complete removal of the epithelium. The authors have an animal experiment basing on above various factors using isobutyl cyanoacrylate as an adhesive and methyl methacrylate as a material of the artificial corneal epithelium. Also we have successfuly performed epikeratoprosthesis operations in five cases of severe bullous keratitis patients. In the animal experimental group, Group 2(isobutyl cyanoacrylate was painted 2 mm broad along the periphery of the lens) showed markedly less extrusion of the artificial corneal epithelium than that of the Group 1 (adhesive was painted 1 mm broad). However, earlier appearance and more frequent incidence of the neovascularization of the cornea were noted in Group 2. On the other hand the result of the clinical 5 cases of the bullous keratitis was excelIent and there was no complications such as extrusion, infection and marked neovassularization for to 9 months, postoperative observation. On the basis of the data obtained from the series of clinical and experimental studies, it was revealed that the epikeratoprosthesis (artificial corneal epithelium) was effective to control the various diseased conditions of the corneal epithelium without significant complication.
Adhesives ; Animal Experimentation ; Bucrylate ; Cornea ; Cyanoacrylates ; Epithelium ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratitis ; Paint

The clinical and statistical evaluations of the 280 corneal grafted eyes which were operated at St. Mary's and Kangnam St. Mary's hospital from January 1980 to December 1985 were done. The follow-up period ranged from 1 month to 5 and 3/4 years(mean: 3 and 1/2 years). The results are as follows: 1. There were three major causes requiring corneal graft. The highest percentage was occupied by trauma(80 eyes, 28.57%) followed by keratoconus(46 eyes, 16.43%) and herpes simplex keratitis(40 eyes, 14.29%). At the time of keratoplasty the condition of the majority of the cornea was either leucoma cornea(125 eyes, 44.65%) or leucoma cornea adherens(26 eyes, 9.29%). 2. 215 eyes(76.79%) had penetrating keratoplasty and 65 eyes(23.21%) lamellar keratoplasty. 3. 221 eyes(78.92%) maintained the clarity of grafted cornea. 4. Postoperative corrected visual acuity of 0.5 or more was achieved in 111 eyes(40.36%), between 0.4 and 0.1 in 93 eyes(33.82%) and below 0.1 in 71 eyes(25.82%). There were 5 eyes excluded because of poor cooperation. 5. The causes of 59 opaque grafts were graft rejection(42 eyes, 71.19%), corneal edema(6 eyes, 10.17%), herpes simplex reinvasion(4 eyes, 6.78%), glaucoma(3 eyes, 5.08%) and others(4 eyes, 6.78%). 6. There were no statistically significant differences in the graft clarity and corrected visual acuity of both the Healon(R)-used group and the control group.
Cornea ; Corneal Transplantation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Herpes Simplex ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Transplants* ; Visual Acuity