Sparganosis is a tissue-invading disease caused hy plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni91. Usually, uncooked snakes or flogs and infected water are primary sources of sparganosis. Sparganosis found in the lower extremities, abdominal wall, breast, inguinal region and scrotum. Simple radiographs show linear or elongated calcification. Serodiagnostic tests have also heen used widely. Confirmative diagnosis of sparganosis is made by surgical removal of the worm. We experienced a case of sparganosis in a 48-year old male in the calf. We report a case and review related articles hriefly.
Abdominal Wall ; Breast ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Scrotum ; Snakes ; Sparganosis* ; Spirometra

No abstract available in English.
Tibia

No abstract available in English.
Knee Prosthesis ; Knee

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Influenza virus are the most common pathogen for causing severe upper respiratory infection in all age groups. A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been developed to detect and subtype influenza A (H3N2 and H1N1), B virus and RSV simultaneously in one tube reaction. Amplification with primers derived from conserved sequences within the nucleocapsid for RSV and hemagglutinin subunit for Influenza A (H3N2 and H1N1) and B viruses yielded a 384 bp, a 300 bp, a 236 bp and a 151 bp, respectively. Assay specificity was confirmed by pulse field gel electrophoresis and autosequencing method. Assay sensitivity was 3 PFU/ml of RSV, 22 PFU/ml, 45 PFU/ml of Influenza type A (H3N2 and H1N1) and 6.6 PFU/ml of Influenza B virus by plaque assay. A rapid and sensitive detection method of a one-tube with multiplex RT-PCR capable of identifying more than one viral template as well as synchronizing reverse transcription and PCR had the potential to produce considerable savings of time and cost effectiveness in the diagnostic laboratory.
Conserved Sequence ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Electrophoresis ; Hemagglutinins ; Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine ; Humans* ; Income ; Influenza B virus ; Influenza, Human* ; Nucleocapsid ; Orthomyxoviridae* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Reverse Transcription* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

A total of 48 cases of tuberculous lesion in the lymph nodes (43 cases), lung (3 cases) and soft tissue (2 cases), was subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC). The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 77 year-old (average 33.6 years in age) and the male to female ratio was 1: 4. Thirty-four cases (70.8%) demonstrated distinct granulomatous reaction with or without caseation necrosis, nine cases (18.8%) showed no granulomas, but large amount of necrotic debris with numerous polymorphonuclear cells and histiocytes, and five cases (10.4%) revealed acellular material only. The overall AFB positivity in smears was 62.5%. In areas associated with granulomatous reaction and necrosis, AFB positivity was 55.8%, while it was 80.0% in cases with acellular necrotic material. There were 2 cases of parasitic infestation which could not be easily differentiated from tuberculosis based on aspiration smears only.
Aged ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Child* ; Female ; Granuloma ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Necrosis ; Tuberculosis ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

BACKGROUND: Major spine surgery can be associated with dramatic blood loss, thereby requiring a high-volume transfusion. Tranexamic acid inhibits fibrinolysis and it has been used in general surgery. The effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss and transfusion requirements during spine surgery was prospectively studied. METHODS: Twenty-two patients scheduled for orthopaedic surgery for spinal stenosis under general anesthesia were randomly selected to receive, either tranexamic acid administered as a bolus of 15 mg/kg, or the equivalent volume of saline, during the operation and postoperatively. The anesthetic and perioperative management were standardized. The total blood loss of each patient and transfusion requirements were noted. Hematocrit, PT, PTT, and platelet count measure were performed before and after surgery. RESULTS: The tranexamic acid group demonstrated a significantly less amount of blood loss (859.5 +/- 280.0 ml) compared to the placebo group (1366.0 +/- 333.7 ml). In addition the fluid and homologous transfusion requirements in the placebo group were greater than in the tranexamic acid group. CONCLSIONS: Tranexamic acid during major spine surgery significantly reduces both blood loss and consequent blood transfusion requirements.
Anesthesia, General ; Blood Transfusion ; Fibrinolysis ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Platelet Count ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine* ; Tranexamic Acid*

The hallmark of exfoliation syndrome is the appearance of white granular deposits and dandruff-like flakes on the lens,iris and angle. The incidence of glaucoma is high,and due to zonular weakening, complications are likely to occur in cataract surgery. A histopathological study with electron microscopy was performed on the iris and conjunctival tissue in order to clarify the production process of exfoliation material in the eyes with exfoliation syndrome. The materials were obtained from 13 eyes with exfoliation syndrome during surgery for glaucoma or cataract. The clumps of microfibrils were observed in the extracellular matrix, and the exfoliation materials were closely related with microfibrils.It was found that the basic unit of the exfoliation materials was microfibril. The cellular degenerations were observed in the basement membrane of capillary endothelium, especially the cells near the iris vessels. The exfoliation materials were observed around the degenerated cells; the mature or immature exfoliation materials around the iris melanocyte which show the various degrees of degeneration. The more degeneration and melting of the cells, the larger amount of exfoliation materials. This study suggests that the exfoliation materials in the eyes with exfoliation syndrome are derived from the abnormal microfibril, abnormal basement membrane, and degenerated cell itself.
Basement Membrane ; Cataract ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Exfoliation Syndrome* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Freezing ; Glaucoma ; Incidence ; Iris ; Melanocytes ; Microfibrils ; Microscopy, Electron

No abstract available.

Adjustable suture technique may be indicated for strabismus surgery when the surgical outcome will be uncertain. We used ketamine intramuscular injection for sedation the day, and performed adjustment after the surgery to enhance the postoperative success rate. The results were analyzed. The average age of the 29 pediatric patients was 53.5 +/-21 months and they were devided into 22 exotropia group and 7 esotropia group. The minimal postoperative observation period was 3 months(average 4.2+/-1.6 months). Among 22 exotropia patients, 13 patients were adjusted and the advancement amount was 1~2 mm. Esotropia was not adjusted. In the final follow-up evaluation, 19 exotropic patients(86.4%)and 7 esotropic patients showed the favorable outcome. However, 3 exotropic patients failed. Two were overcorrected and 1 was undercorrected. In 1 overcorrected case, the postoperative V pattern esotropia occurred. When the alignment can be measured and the picture of external eyes can be obtained, postoprative adjustment was possible after ketamine intramuscular injection. Since the degree of preoperative alignment and the precise evaluation of preadjustment alignment play an important role in determining the advancement amount, careful evaluation should be performed.
Anesthesia* ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Ketamine* ; Strabismus* ; Suture Techniques* ; Sutures*

The clinical and statistical evaluations of 25 patients(29 eyes) with subluxated lenses which were extracted at St. Mary's hospital from October 1984 to June 1990. The results were as follows: 1. The average age was 41.3 years and the sex distribution was 23 males and 2 females. 2. The causes were divided by 17 eyes(58.6%) with trauma and 12 eyes(41.4%) without trauma. 3. The associated diseases were cataract(9 eyes; 31.0%), glaucoma(6 eyes; 20.7%), retinal detachment(4 eyes; 13.8%) and uveitis(2 eyes; 6.9%). 4. There were 9 eyes(31.0%) in superonasal, 4 eyes(13.8%) in inferotemporal direction of lens displacement. 5. The surgical procedures were intracapsular cataract extraction(22 eyes; 75.9% ), lens aspiration(3 eyes; 10.3% ), extracapsular cataract extraction(1 eye 3.5% ) and pars plana lensectomy with vitrectomy(3 eyes; 10.3%). 6. There were 9 eyes(28.0%) associated with vitreous protrusion and the vitrectomy were done in 20 eyes(62.5% ). 7. Postoperative corrected visual acuity improved fairly. It was the same as preoperative corrected visual acuity in 7 eyes(24.1%), improved in 21 eyes(72.4%) and worse in 1 eye(3.4%).
Cataract ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retinaldehyde ; Sex Distribution ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy