No abstract available.
Bone Matrix* ; Rabbits*

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) procedures are more difficult in patients who have undergone partial gastrectomy with Billroth II anastomosis. Because its altered anatomical relationship. the endoscopist is presented with additional problems: (i) Dfficulties in entering the afferent loop, depending on the surgical techiques used. (ii) The endoscope may be too sort to reach the papillary region unless the loops are suecessfully straightened out. (iii) Difficulties in passing the ligament of Treitz, especially in patients with Braun's anastomosis, (iv) Problems in cannulating the papilla and especially the common bile duct from a reversed position. (v) Problems in carrying out a papillotomy in a correct position. We attempted endoscopic sphincterotomy in 3 opatients previously subjected to gastrectomy with needle knife, and succeeded in 2 of them. In the two patients, successful billary drainage was achieved. And one patients with Billroth II gastrectomy, presented with CBD stone and cholangit, was successfully treated with endoscopic stone retriveial. The patient with a Billroth-II operation may unergo endscopic diagnostic as well as therapeutic procedures with a high rate of success, and can be suitable candidates for ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy
Cholangiography* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct ; Drainage ; Endoscopes ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastroenterostomy* ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Needles ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic

The gross tissue specimens are a valuable aid to the teaching of pathology and anatomy. However, traditional methods for storage and handling of them are discouragingly difficult and, recently, minimal surgical resections as well as preoperative interventions make it more difficult to have instructive gross specimens. Plastination is a process of tissue preservation by impregnation with silicone polymers or epoxy resins. The process in our study involves dehydration by cryosubstitution in aceton, defatting, forced impregnation of silicon polymer in a vacuum, curing and finishing. We submitted 40 surgically resected specimens to plastination. The resulting specimens are odorless, relatively dry, durable, life-like, non-hazardous, maintenance-free, and do not deteriorate with time. Plastinated specimens are a useful adjunct to the teaching of pathology, particularly suited for use in small groups, and appropriate method of tissue preservation. They are much preferred to wet preparation and conventional pots by both students and teachers owing to their accessibility, superior illustrative powers, and comparative ease of interpretation.
Dehydration ; Epoxy Resins ; Humans ; Pathology* ; Polymers ; Silicones ; Tissue Preservation ; Vacuum

To evaluate the clinical characteristics of unilateral open-angle glaucoma, patients diagnosed with unilateral open-angle glaucoma from January 2017 to October 2018 were divided into primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma groups according to the type of glaucoma diagnosed. The glaucoma and the contralateral eyes were compared, and the contralateral eye was analyzed for conversion to glaucoma and its risk factors were assessed during the 2-year follow-up period. Among 99 patients, 36 were diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma and 63 with normal-tension glaucoma. When comparing the glaucoma eye with the contralateral eye, the visual field mean deviation value (all p<0.001), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (all p<0.001), macular ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer thickness (p< 0.001, p=0.003), and optic nerve cup-disc ratio (p=0.005, p<0.001) were significantly different in both the primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma groups. In normal-tension glaucoma, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was significantly thinner in the glaucoma conversion group than in the glaucoma non-conversion group (p=0.008). It was significantly associated with glaucoma conversion (odds ratio=0.97, p=0.023). In conclusion, in patients with unilateral open-angle glaucoma, the contralateral eye may develop glaucoma. In particular, if the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness is decreased in normal-tension glaucoma, the possibility of glaucoma conversion is high; hence, careful examination is required.

To evaluate the clinical characteristics of unilateral open-angle glaucoma, patients diagnosed with unilateral open-angle glaucoma from January 2017 to October 2018 were divided into primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma groups according to the type of glaucoma diagnosed. The glaucoma and the contralateral eyes were compared, and the contralateral eye was analyzed for conversion to glaucoma and its risk factors were assessed during the 2-year follow-up period. Among 99 patients, 36 were diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma and 63 with normal-tension glaucoma. When comparing the glaucoma eye with the contralateral eye, the visual field mean deviation value (all p<0.001), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (all p<0.001), macular ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer thickness (p< 0.001, p=0.003), and optic nerve cup-disc ratio (p=0.005, p<0.001) were significantly different in both the primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma groups. In normal-tension glaucoma, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was significantly thinner in the glaucoma conversion group than in the glaucoma non-conversion group (p=0.008). It was significantly associated with glaucoma conversion (odds ratio=0.97, p=0.023). In conclusion, in patients with unilateral open-angle glaucoma, the contralateral eye may develop glaucoma. In particular, if the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness is decreased in normal-tension glaucoma, the possibility of glaucoma conversion is high; hence, careful examination is required.

Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma (PHG) is a rare disease that usually presents with multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules and characteristic histological findings, with hyalinized collagen lamellae. Because of the absence of characteristic radiologic and clinical features, PHG is usually diagnosed after surgical resection or biopsy. We performed thoracoscopic wedge resection for a pulmonary nodule located in the right lower lobe that proved to be PHG histopathologically. We report two cases along with a review of the literature.
Biopsy ; Collagen ; Granuloma ; Hyalin ; Rare Diseases

Crossed renal ectopia is an unusual congenital anomaly, probably produced by abnormal development of the ureteral bud. The deformity itself produces no symptoms and the clinical presentation generally is for obstruction and infection. The pediatric patients present most often with multiple congenital anomalies, especially of the skeletal system. We report the two cases of crossed renal ectopia with fusion with review of literatures.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Ureter

We evaluated MR imaging of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis degenerative spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis in 14, 9 and 20 patients respectively. Sagittal and axial spin echo and gradient echo images were obtained with 25-30cm FOV and 5mm/0.5mm thickness/gap by using spine surface coil. Sagittal images showed defects of pars interarticularis just inside of the pedicles of spines in all the cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis with relatively variable signal intensity. Displaced vertebrae were commonly observed at L5 (8/14) in spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, at L4 (5/9) in degenerative spondylolisthesis and at variable locations in retrolisthesis. The mean length of displacement of vertebrae in spondylolytic spondylolisthesis was about 7mm and less displacement was onserved in degenerative spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis. Seven, four and six cases of pseudobulging of disk at displaced level were observed in cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, degenerative spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis respectively. Seven, five and 14 cases of true disk lesions were onserved in cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, degenertive spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis respectively. Grade II neural foraminal stenoses (obliteration of one half epidural fat of neural foramen) were commonly (8/14) seen in spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, however the other two types showed less severe neural foraminal stenosis. In conclusion, MR imaging is a highly accurate method for the diagnosis and evaluation of spondylolisthesis and associated lesions of spine and disks.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Methods ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis*

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute* ; P-Glycoprotein*

BACKGROUND: The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) should be correctly placed into the hypopharynx for adequate ventilation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a LMA position relation to the laryngeal skeleton and narrowing degree of a LMA lumen by the epiglottis. METHODS: The LMA (# 3 or # 4) was placed into the hypopharynx after induction of anesthesia and muscle paralysis. The fiberoptic laryngoscopic findings through the lumen of LMA were recorded at ten minutes after LMA placements. The position of the LMA was estimated in relation to its distal aperture to the laryngeal skeleton as central, posterior, right and left lateral position. The narrowing degree of the LMA by the epiglottis was estimated as 0%, 1~25%, 26~50%, 51~75%, or 76~100%. RESULTS: The fiberoptic laryngoscope showed central positions in 70.1%, lateral deviations to the left or right in 21.2% and posterior positions in 9%. The most frequent incidence (84/231, 36.4%) of narrowing by the epiglottis is 76~100% but ventilating problems were not developed. However, ventilation was impossible immediately after LMA placement in one patient, so the LMA was removed and the trachea was intubated. Esophageal enterance was visible in one patient without regurgitation of the stomach content. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that LMA provides a reliable and safe airway management technique, although inadequate positioning and narrowing of LMA lumen by the epiglottis may frequently occur.
Airway Management ; Anesthesia ; Epiglottis ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Humans ; Hypopharynx* ; Incidence ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Laryngoscopes ; Paralysis ; Skeleton ; Trachea ; Ventilation