No abstract available.
Animals ; Ovum* ; Rats*

22 cases of giant cell tumor of bone treated between 1973 and 1979 have been reviewed after a miaimum follow-up of two years and following results were obtaind. 1. Fourteen cases (63%) were in the third and fourth decade. 2. Fourteen cases (63%) were located around the knee joint. 3. Five (42%) of the twelve tumors treated by curettage and bone graft recurred. Five tumors treated by En bloc resection and two tumors treated by amputation had no recurrences. 4. Five of six recurrences occured within two years after mitial treatment.
Amputation ; Curettage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Knee Joint ; Recurrence ; Transplants

Congenital anomalies of the hand were reviewed, which were treated at Seoul National University Hospital from 1973 to 1982. The Conclusions are as follows. 1. Polydactyly is the most common congenital anomaly of the hand in this series. The next common congenital hand anomalies are trigger digit, syndactyly in that order. 2. Better results had been obtained with early reconstructive surgery within one year after birth. 3. Authors propose a new classification of polydactyly. In Joint type (type 1), the extradigit has its own epiphysis in its origin,and in Epiphyseal plate type (type 2) the extradigit do not have its own epiphyseal plate and seems to be derived from the physis of the more developed adjacent digit. We observed 22 cases of joint type and 10 cases of epiphyseal plate type. 4. 6 cases of macrodactyly had been observed. The complicated reconstructive surgery such as Tsuge and Barsky operation resulted in digital necrosis. So more simple and effective operation such as symphalangization would be attempted.
Classification ; Epiphyses ; Growth Plate ; Hand ; Joints ; Necrosis ; Parturition ; Polydactyly ; Seoul ; Syndactyly ; Trigger Finger Disorder

Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation is usually fatal. To date, few cases have been reported in the literature because survival after traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation is extremely rare. We present the case of a 47-year-old man with traumatic atlanto-occipital rotatory posterior dislocation combined with atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation and treated by occipito-cervical fusion using Bohlman's triple wiring technique.
Dislocations* ; Humans ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND: gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter, activates persistent low amplitude tonic currents in several brain regions, in addition to conventional synaptic currents. Tonic conductance is highly sensitive to low concentrations of volatile anesthetics and therefore might contribute to amnestic properties. We compared the properties of GABAergic tonic currents mediated by sedative-amnestic midazolam and anesthetic propofol in rat hippocampal neurons. METHODS: Patch clamp techniques were used to characterize the GABAergic currents recorded in CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. The amplitude of the tonic currents and the decay of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) were measured after administration of midazolam or propofol. RESULTS: Both midazolam and propofol caused concentration dependent increases in the tonic currents. The enhancement of the tonic currents by midazolam concentrations of greater than 0.5 microM caused no further increase in current amplitude. Propofol continued to increase with concentrations over the range tested (0.1-10 microM). Low concentrations of midazolam 0.01 microM and propofol 0.5 microM selectively enhanced the tonic currents but failed to alter mIPSCs. CONCLUSIONS: Low concentrations of midazolam and propofol selectively enhanced the tonic currents but not synaptic currents of rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Unlike midazolam, the response to propofol did not become saturated and had a greater effect on the tonic currents.
Anesthetics ; Animals ; Brain ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Hippocampus ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Midazolam ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Propofol ; Rats

Recent studies indicate that mitochondria are an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the spinal dorsal horn. In our previous study, application of malate, a mitochondrial electron transport complex I substrate, induced a membrane depolarization, which was inhibited by pretreatment with ROS scavengers. In the present study, we used patch clamp recording in the substantia geletinosa (SG) neurons of spinal slices, to investigate the cellular mechanism of mitochondrial ROS on neuronal excitability. DNQX (an AMPA receptor antagonist) and AP5 (an NMDA receptor antagonist) decreased the malate-induced depolarization. In an external calcium free solution and addition of tetrodotoxin (TTX) for blockade of synaptic transmission, the malateinduced depolarization remained unchanged. In the presence of DNQX, AP5 and AP3 (a group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist), glutamate depolarized the membrane potential, which was suppressed by PBN. However, oligomycin (a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor) or PPADS (a P2 receptor inhibitor) did not affect the substrates-induced depolarization. These results suggest that mitochondrial substrate-induced ROS in SG neuron directly acts on the postsynaptic neuron, therefore increasing the ion influx via glutamate receptors.
Animals ; Calcium ; Electron Transport Complex I ; Glutamic Acid ; Membrane Potentials ; Membranes ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neurons* ; Oligomycins ; Rats* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Receptors, AMPA ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate ; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ; Substantia Gelatinosa* ; Synaptic Transmission ; Tetrodotoxin

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

BACKGROUND: The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) should be correctly placed into the hypopharynx for adequate ventilation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a LMA position relation to the laryngeal skeleton and narrowing degree of a LMA lumen by the epiglottis. METHODS: The LMA (# 3 or # 4) was placed into the hypopharynx after induction of anesthesia and muscle paralysis. The fiberoptic laryngoscopic findings through the lumen of LMA were recorded at ten minutes after LMA placements. The position of the LMA was estimated in relation to its distal aperture to the laryngeal skeleton as central, posterior, right and left lateral position. The narrowing degree of the LMA by the epiglottis was estimated as 0%, 1~25%, 26~50%, 51~75%, or 76~100%. RESULTS: The fiberoptic laryngoscope showed central positions in 70.1%, lateral deviations to the left or right in 21.2% and posterior positions in 9%. The most frequent incidence (84/231, 36.4%) of narrowing by the epiglottis is 76~100% but ventilating problems were not developed. However, ventilation was impossible immediately after LMA placement in one patient, so the LMA was removed and the trachea was intubated. Esophageal enterance was visible in one patient without regurgitation of the stomach content. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that LMA provides a reliable and safe airway management technique, although inadequate positioning and narrowing of LMA lumen by the epiglottis may frequently occur.
Airway Management ; Anesthesia ; Epiglottis ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Humans ; Hypopharynx* ; Incidence ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Laryngoscopes ; Paralysis ; Skeleton ; Trachea ; Ventilation

We present a case in which a patient with acute hemorrhagic gastritis demonstrated abnormal gastrointestinal accumulation of radiotracer during Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) skeletal scintigraphy. A hemorrhage gastritis was subsequsently demonstrated by endoscopy. The menchanism for the intestinal localization of Tc-99m-MDP in this patient is not clear, but we guess that the extravasated blood containing the radiopharmaceutical cannot recirculate and stays at the bleedings site, so we can see the intestinal activity.
Endoscopy ; Gastritis ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Radionuclide Imaging* ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate*

No abstract available.
Head* ; Knee* ; Necrosis*