BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the optimum depth of the internal jugular venous catheterization between the right and left side. METHODS: Forty-four patients were enrolled for this study and divided into two groups (22 patients each). The optimum depth of the catheterization was calculated using the sum of two component (A and B); the advanced length of the catheter from the level of the cricoid cartilage (A) and the distance from the catheter tip to the junction of the superier vena cava and right atrium (B). RESULT: The optimum depths of the internal jugular venous catheterization were 16.0 1.0 cm (right) and 18.4 1.5 cm (left) respectively. Left side was significantly longer than right side (p<0.05). In this study, we experienced some complications; arterial punctures (5 cases) and migration of the catheter to the opposite subclavian vein (1 case). Five complications were associated with left internal jugular venous cannulation and one was associated with the right side cannulation. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the optimum depth of the internal jugular venous catheterization was longer in the left side than in the right side.
Catheterization* ; Catheters* ; Cricoid Cartilage ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Punctures ; Subclavian Vein

BACKGROUND: This prospective cohort study was carried out to investigate the relation of lifestyle variables to total mortality in residents aged 60-64 of a rural community in Korea. METHODS: A total of 1,042 residents was interviewed by face-to-face survey for baseline data collection in 1996 and 955 residents were successfully followed up until April 2002, among which 91 died. RESULTS: In univariate logistic regression, consumption of cigarette per day, duration of smoking, status of smoking, frequency of drinking per month, status of drinking, average duration of TV watching per day and average duration of sleeping were statistically significant, predicting total mortality. None of the variables reflecting leisure-time physical activities were statistically significant. Adjusting for sex, age, education, current as well as past chronic diseases history, and limitation of daily living with multiple logistic regression, those smoking more than 40 years and current smokers showed reduced, but statistically significant RRs, 1.89 (95% CI 1.05-3.41) and 1.82 (95% CI 1.01-3.25), respectively. Sleeping more than 10 hours a day showed RR, 2.41 (95% CI 1.11-5.22). CONCLUSION: These results suggested that some lifestyle variables, smoking and sleeping were predictive of total mortality while drinking, TV watching and leisure-time physical activities were not.
Chronic Disease ; Cohort Studies* ; Data Collection ; Drinking ; Education ; Korea ; Life Style* ; Logistic Models ; Mortality* ; Motor Activity ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco Products

Adenomyosis is a common disease of middle-aged women and adenomyoma is a variety of adenomyosis that formed localized tumor. Cystic degeneration of an adenomyoma is a rare clinical manifestation. A 30-year-old parous woman suffered from severe dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia for about 5 months, was operated under the impression of endometriosis of the pelvis. Following the operation, cystic degeneration of an adenomyoma was found incidentally. The authors experienced a case of adenomyosis that formed cystic tumor of uterus and presented with a pertinent literatures.
Adenomyoma ; Adenomyosis* ; Adult ; Dysmenorrhea ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; Menorrhagia ; Pelvis ; Uterus

This study was carried out to investigate the direct neurotoxicity of alcohol on CNS and the effects of piracetam or vitamins on ultrastructural changes of the rat cerebellar and hippocampal neurons during long-term alcohol treatment. To evaluate the results, quantitative analysis were done for light and electronic microscopic findings. On the light microscopy, red degeneration of pyramidal cells and Purkinje cells was found more apparently in the alcohol only treated group than in the control group. On the electron microscopy, increased lipofuscin pigments wee found in cerebellum and hippocampus. In quantitative analysis, vitamins significantly reduced red degeneration in both hippocampus and cerebellum. However, piracetam significantly reduced red degeneration in cerebellum but not in hippocampus. Lipofuscin pigments in Purkinje cells and pyramidal cells were significantly reduced in the alcohol with piracetam treated group than the alcohol only treated group. However, vitamin had no significant reducing effect of lipofuscin pigments in Purkinje cells and pyramidal cells. According to the results, it is concluded that vitamins deficiency might cause red degeneration of pyramidal cell after long-term alcohol treatment, but increment of lipofuscin pigments in pyramidal and Purkinje cell may be caused by alcohol itself or its metabolite rather than vitamins deficiency. Piracetam seems to improve cognitive function impairment caused by alcohol consumption.
Alcohol Drinking ; Animals ; Cerebellum ; Hippocampus ; Lipofuscin ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neurons* ; Piracetam* ; Purkinje Cells ; Pyramidal Cells ; Rats* ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
DNA Topoisomerases* ; DNA*

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Prognosis*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Prognosis*

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), a serious form of cystitis, is characterized by diffuse bladder mucosal inflammation with hemorrhage. The known causes of HC are radiation, chemotherapy, drug, and infection. But, most cases happen without definite etiology. Radiation induced HC can be developed at any time from 6 months to 10 years after pelvic irradiation therapy, and can appear as late as 2 decades. The complications of HC are anemia, chronic cystitis, and acute renal failure (ARF). However, HC- induced severe postrenal ARF is rare. We experienced a case of a postrenal ARF caused by hematoma in HC. A 55-year-old woman had past history of pelvic irradiation therapy for carcinoma of the cervix 13 years ago. She was initially treated by bladder catheterization and bladder irrigation with normal saline. HC and renal function were improved. However, HC was recurred shortly after stopping irrigation and serum creatinine was elevated again. Thus, we treated this patient successfully with both percutaneous nephrostomy and antegrade double J stent catheterization.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Anemia ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cervix Uteri ; Cinnarizine ; Creatinine ; Cystitis ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Middle Aged ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Stents ; Urinary Bladder

Heterotopic bone formation in the gastrointestinal tract is a rare phenomenon. Most reported cases were associated with benign and malignant neoplasms, except for a case in which heterotopic bone formation was found in a patient with Barrett's esophagus. The exact pathogenesis of the disease has not yet been established. However, most heterotopic bones found in the gastrointestinal tract were associated with mucinproducing tumors of the appendix, colon, and rectum. Inflammation may also play a role in osseous metaplasia in a case with bone formation at the base of an ulcer in Barrett's esophagus. Here, we report on a patient with heterotopic bone formation in normal gastric cardiac mucosa. A 50-year-old female visited our hospital for a routine health examination. She had no gastrointestinal symptoms, and her physical examination, blood test, X-ray, urine, and stool examination results were normal. A 0.3 cm sized polypoid lesion located just below the squamocolumnar junction was observed on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A piece of biopsy was taken. Histologically, a lamella bone trabecula and chronic inflammatory cells were observed in the gastric cardiac mucosa. The follow-up endoscopy performed one month later showed no residual lesion.
Appendix ; Barrett Esophagus ; Biopsy ; Colon ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Metaplasia ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane* ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Osteogenesis* ; Physical Examination ; Rectum ; Stomach ; Ulcer