PURPOSE: Patients with canalicular or common canalicular obstruction have been treated by carrying out conjuctivodacryocystorhinostomy mainly through skin or the nasal cavity, but all sorts of defects attendant on an operation have been indicated. At this, the authors inquired into a result of a surgery and their satisfaction in a different viewpoint for silicone intubation. METHODS: We inquired into a result of a surgery and their satisfaction in a different viewpoint for 68 patients' 72 eyes who can be observed over 3 months among patients diagnosed as canalicular or common canalicular obstruction and operated on with silicone intubation as subject. RESULTS: After surgery, silicone tube was removed at average postoperative 5.8 months and we observed them for average 10.5 months. The result of operations showed that successful cases are 72.2% (52 eyes) and failing cases are 28.8% (20 eyes). CONCLUSION: For the cases with canalicular obstruction, especially common canalicular obstruction for short period, primary silicone intubation would be one of the ideal lacrimal surgery that should be explained the possible secondary conjuctivodacryocystorhinostomy later.
Adult* ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Nasal Cavity ; Silicones* ; Skin

PURPOSE: The authors compared the recurrence rate and complications of primary pterygium operation with respect to mitomycin C concentration. METHODS: Four hundred twenty three eyes with primary pterygium underwent surgery using the bared sclera method. One hundred nineteen eyes randomly chosen were treated with 0.02% mitomycin C (Group I) twice a day for 5days, 138 eyes were treated with 0.01% mitomycin C (Group II), and 166 eyes were treated with 0.005% mitomycin C (Group III). RESULTS: During the mean follow-up period of 6 months, the overall recurrence rate was 14.7% (62 eyes). Recurrence rates in each group : 8.4% (10 eyes) in Group I , 13.7% (19 eyes) in Group II , and 19.9% (33eyes) in Group III . Complications seen in Group I were corneal abrasion (1 eye), symblepharon (1 eye), and postoperative corneal scar (1 eye). Complications seen in Group II were symblepharon (1 eye), and postoperative corneal opacity (2 eye) and seen in Group III were symblepharon (1 eye), and postoperative corneal opacity (1 eye). We conclude that a higher concentration of mitomycin C (0.2 mg/ml) reduces the recurrence rate of pterygium. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the use of mitomycin C concentration of 0.02% twice a day for 5days to lower the recurrence rate and complications after excision of primary pterygium
Cicatrix ; Corneal Opacity ; Follow-Up Studies ; Mitomycin* ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence* ; Sclera

No abstract available.
Seizures*

From March 1985 to June 1997, 451 patients of spontaneous pneumothorax treated at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Most of the patients were male (male to female ratio, 8.2:1). The mean age of the primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) was 26.8 years, and that of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) was 53.1 years. 330 out of 451 patients (73%) were PSP. The causes of the SSP were mostly pulmonary tuberculosis and COPD: 87 patients (72%), and 24 patients (19.2%), respectively. All the patient were treated by one of the following modalities: 1)rest and oxygen therapy in 42 patients, 2) closed thoracostomy in 208 patients, 3) thoracotomy in 156 patients, 4) VATS bullectomy in 45 patients. The mean duration of postoperative chest tube drainage was as following: thoracotomy 8.3 days, VATS bullectomy 4.7 days. For recent 3 consecutive years, VATS bullectomy has become the more frequently applied operative procedure than thoracotomy in the treatment of surgically indicated PSP, from 33% in 1994 to 78% in 1996. With the minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery being more prevalent, VATS bullectomy will be able to be the 1st choice of treatment not only for the recurrent pneumothoracies but also for the some selected cases of the 1st episode pneumothoracies. To verify this approach as clinically acceptable one in terms of cost-effectiveness, recurrence rate, etc, a large scale of multi-institutional clinical study will be needed in a sooner time.
Chest Tubes ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oxygen ; Pneumothorax* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Thoracoscopy ; Thoracostomy ; Thoracotomy ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare and very aggressive disease with a poor prognosis, even in its localized form. We managed a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate. The patient was treated with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Herein we report this first case of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy performed in a patient with primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate.
Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Robotics

14 supratentorial and 6 infratentorial arachnoid cysts, diagnosed and treated at Kangnam St Mary's Hospital from 1983 to 1988, are reported. The most common presenting symptoms in children were craniomegaly, delayed development, increased ICP and neurological focal signs. Neuroradiological examination included plain skull X-ray, brain CT and metrizamide CT or isotope study. Therapeutic criteria according to the clinical and radiological findings were reviewed. The results were as follows; 1) The patient below age of 2 yrs who's brain had a potent ability of growth should be operated in any cases for reducing mass effect. 2) In sylvian lesion, Type II and III according to the classification of Galassi were well treated with C-P snunt. 3) In infratentorial lesion, all patients had hydrocephalus and the patient who had communicated with subarachnoid space in metrizamide CT were well treated with V-P shunt and who not communicated with subarachnoid space was well treated with Y-shunt. 4) We had good results by fenestration above the age of 3 yrs and by C-P shunt under the age of 2 yrs in supratentorial lesion.
Arachnoid Cysts* ; Brain ; Child* ; Classification ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Metrizamide ; Skull ; Subarachnoid Space

We experienced a case of primary sternal tuberculosis with destroyed midsternum and bony defect. An 22-year-old female was admitted to our hospital two times for severe sternal pain and spontaneous fracture without history of trauma. On hospital admission, chest X-ray and chest CT showed destruction of midsternum and soft tissue swelling. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed tuberculous osteomyelitis with cold abscess. And the patient was treated with usual anti-tubeculosis medication for preoperative preparation. At operation, we confirmed midsternal destruction with cold abscess and multiple sinus tracts. After removal of diseased sternal segment and cold abscess, we performed sternal reconstruction with autologus iliac bone graft. The pathologic report was compatible with tuberculous osteomyelitis and caseous necrosis.
Abscess ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Female ; Fractures, Spontaneous* ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Osteomyelitis ; Sternum ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Transplants ; Tuberculosis* ; Young Adult

Malignant mesenchymoma is a very rare tumor presented during the embryonic and infant period and malignant mesenchymoma in the adult is extremely rare. Tumor is composed of two or more unrelated mesenchymal derivatives apart from fibrous tissue. These tumors are thought to be originated from embryonic mesenchyme capable of differentiating into any type of connective tissue. A 61 years old man with complaints of cough and copious sputum of onset of two months was admitted after initial examinations, showing a very huge mass over the right upper lobe. Right pneumonectomy with partial rib resection of 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs was performed due to the initial diagnostic impression of squamous cell carcinoma by the fine needle aspiration biopsy. The operative field presented a mass locating across the interlobal fissure with severe adhesions to the chest wall. Postoperatively, the patient received 5,000 rads of radiotherapy and presently, 6 months later, has shown no signs of recurrence.
Adult* ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Connective Tissue ; Cough ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Mesenchymoma* ; Mesoderm ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonectomy ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Ribs ; Sputum ; Thoracic Wall

The authors reviewed the chart of 37 patients who had chestnut bur injury to the eye from September 1997 to November 1998.Their ages were ranged from 4 to 69 years old and they 33 men (89.2%)and 4 women (10.8%).They were injured by chestnut bur on cornea (33 eyes), sclera (1 eye), cornea and sclera (2 eyes), cornea and periorbital tissue (2 eyes). Chestnut burs were removed from 28 eyes at Out Patient Department (75.7%)and from 9 eyes with surgical microscope in operating room (24.3%).At OPD, simple removals without leaking were performed in 21 eyes (56.8%)and leaking occurred in 7 eyes (18.9%).Among 7 eyes (18.9%), primary repairs were performed in 2 eyes (5.4%), therapeutic contact lens were worn in 3 eyes (8.1%), chemical tissue glue was used in 1 eye (2.7%) and a pressure patch was used in 1 eye (2.7%). At operating room, simple removals were performed in 3 eyes (8.1%)and leaking occurred in 6 eyes (16.2%).Among 6 eyes (16.2%), primary repairs were performed in 4 eyes (10.8%)and therapeutic contact lens were in 2 As complications, traumatic cataract, iritis, endophthalmitis, cornealulcers and scleral granuloma were developed in 8 eyes (21.6%), 12 eyes (32.4%), 1 eye (2.7%), 1 eye (2.7%)and 3 eyes (8.1%)respectively. In conclusion, the prompt &proper management of chestnut bur injury and the importance of prevention &public information should be stressed.
Adhesives ; Aged ; Cataract ; Cornea ; Endophthalmitis ; Female ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Iritis ; Male ; Operating Rooms ; Sclera

BACKGROUND: In Korea, cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the most significant cause of death among older people, and the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage is much higher than that of developed countries. There have been many investigations about the risk factors for CVA in both Korea as well as developed countries. A few papers reported various risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage in developed countries:however, well-designed studies of risk factors for the various causes of CVA were rare in Korea. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the risk factors for the various causes of CVA and to evaluate the risk factors compared with age- and sex-matched control groups. In addition, duplex sonographic findings of the carotid artery were evaluated in patients with cerebral infarction. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-four patients admitted to the hospital in 1996 were enrolled. The four groups were divided based on the following states: cerebral infarction (n-63), cerebral hemorrhage (n-64), cerebral infarction with atrial fibrillation (n-19), and lacunar infarction (n-18). Major risk factors were compared with age- and sex-matched control groups and among CVA groups. Duplex sonography of the carotid artery was done in 14 patients with cerebral infarction. RESULTS: In multiple logistic regression analysis, patients with cerebral infarction had higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level than the control group, and hypertension showed borderline significance. Patients with cerebral hemorrhage had higher prevalence of hypertension, higher high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, and more frequent prevalence of smoking compared with the control group. Patients with cerebral infarction showed lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, higher low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, more frequent diabetes mellitus, lower prevalence of hypertension and older age than patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Patients with cerebral infarction and atrial fibrillation showed only older age than patients with cerebral infarction only. There were no differences in risk factors between patients with cerebral infarction and lacuna infarction. Atheromatous plaque was found in 71% of patients with cerebral infarction. CONCLUSION: Metabolic abnormalities played more important role in the development of cerebral infarction and hemodynamic abnormalities in cerebral infarction. Sonographic examination of the carotid artery may be useful for predicting the occurrence of cerebrovascular accident in high risk patients.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Carotid Arteries* ; Cause of Death ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Developed Countries ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke ; Stroke, Lacunar ; Ultrasonography*