556 children(220 boys and 336 girls) of clinical ametropia among 4715 children of a grade school were determined under 5% homatropine cycloplegia. 1) As to the distribution of refractive errors, 60.2% were myopic and 32,7% were hyperopic; 17.8% had astigmatism and 81.1% did not. 2) Refractive errors were numerous around the age of 11. 3) The degree of refraetive errors varied, but in the great majority was less than -3.00 D. 4) As to the type of astigmatism, 52.2% were with the rule and 41.2% were against the rule. 5) Only 12 children were anisometropic.
Astigmatism ; Child* ; Humans ; Refractive Errors*

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer and to identify demographic variables and clinical characteristics impact on depressive symptoms and health related quality of life in patients with breast cancer in a university hospital. METHODS: Fourty-one patients with breast cancer were selected, who had visited the department of General surgery of the Wonkwang University hospital with a diagnosis of breast cancer regularly during the period November, 2010-May, 2011. All of subjects were evaluated for the depression, anxiety and the health related quality of life with Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), anxiety subscale of Personality Assessment Inventory(PAI) and Short-Form 36 Health Survey-Korean version(SF-36-K). Patients were divided into depressive symptoms and non-depressive symptoms group according to the BDI score. We compared SF-36-K between two groups, and analized multiple regression with depression and health related quality of life as criterion variables and demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression in patients with breast cancer in a University hospital was 36.4%. Compared to the non-depression, depressed patients with breast cancer appeared significantly lower mean scores on six subscales in SF-36-K : Physical function(p<.01), Role-physical(p<.001), General health(p<.05), Social function(p<.001), Role-emotional(p<.001) and Mental health(p<.001). But there was no significant difference between two groups in Vitality and Bodily pain. Anxiety, level of education and presence of enforcement of chemotherapy(63.6%) were significant explanation variables for depressive symptoms. And type of surgery and age (55.8%) were significant explanation variables for health related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer in a University hospital was 36%. The depressive symptoms had not only negative impact on the health related quality of life but also important explanation variable for health related quality of life. These results suggest that depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer should be evaluated and treated for improving patient's health related quality of life.
Anxiety ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Depression ; Humans ; Personality Assessment ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life

No abstract available.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the competency in evidence-based practice, critical thinking disposition, digital literacy, and nursing informatics competence, and to identify the factors influencing the competency in evidence-based practice among nurses. Methods: The participants in this study were 196 nurses from a university hospital in J-city. Data were collected from December 1 to December 30, 2023. The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 26.0 program using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results showed that the factors influencing the competency in evidence-based practice included nursing informatics competence, critical thinking disposition, digital literacy, and having a master's degree. The participants with a master's degree demonstrated higher competency in evidence-based practice compared to those with a three-year degree or a four-year degree, and a total explanatory power was 53.1%. Conclusion In this study, critical thinking disposition, digital literacy, and nursing informatics competence were influential factors in competency of evidence-based practice. Therefore, a variety of intervention programs should be developed to enhance the impact of these factors on nurses’ competency in evidence-based practice.

No abstract available.
Hernia*

An increase in the dose of chemotherapy enhances the response of many experimental and clinical cancers, but the extent of chemotherapy dose escalation and repeated use is often limited by myelosuppression. The side effects of chemotherapy including bleeding and infection due to myelosuppression have resulted in delayed therapy and a reduction in the therapeutic dose, therefore it is necessary to overcome myelosuppression especially leukopenia in patients with gynecologic malignancies who recieved chemotherapy. This study is undertaken to investigate the clinical effects of rhG-CSF(recombinant human Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) in 29 patients with gynecologic malignancy who recieved chemotherapy. It was given at a dose of 100 microgram bid/day subcutaneously until significantly increase of leukocyte count in leukopenic patient. The results showed, the rhG-CSF has significantly increased the number and function of leukocyte. The use of rhG-CSF was effective and useful to treat chemotherapy induced leukopenia and to accelerate the recovery from this complications.
Drug Therapy* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans* ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; Leukopenia*

A study was to evaluate the efficacy and clinical utility of second look operation in the managements of malignant ovarian tumor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kosin medical colleage from January 1986 to September 1993. Of 220 patients diagnosed as ovarian cancer, 48 patients who had underwent primariy laparotomy were performed second look operation. Thirty-seven patients were found to have no evidence of disease. The result revealed that negative second look operation rate was noted 96.3% at stage I, 66.6% at stage II, 50.0% at stage III, and 42.9% at stage IV and total negative second look operation rate was 77.1%. The 2 year survival rate for stage I, II, III, IV were 85.2%, 66.6%, 50.0% and 42.9% respectively. The survival rate of negative second look operation was 86.5%, that of positive second look operation was 18.1%. In conclusion, second look operation in early stage ovarian cancer need to be justified.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Laparotomy* ; Obstetrics ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the MR imaging appearance of the dural ligaments which is connected between the anterior dura mater and the posterior longitudinal ligament. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 10 cadavers with formalin fixation, the dural ligaments were evaluated and photographed after removal of the posterior element of the spinal canal. MR studies of 12 patients who had distinct dural ligaments were evaluated. Spin-echo MR images were obtained on a 1. 5T unit. RESULTS: In seven of the ten cadavers, the midline dural ligament was observed; the lateral dural ligament was observed in 3 cadavers. On MR, the dural ligaments were imaged as thin lines of low signal intensity between the anterior dural margin and the posterior longitudinal ligament. Dural ligaments were well-visualized at the level of the lower lumbar spine which had a more prominent anterior epidural space than that of the upper level of the spine. Eight of 12 cases had well developed midline dural ligaments. Two cases showed distinct lateral dural ligaments and the remaining 2 cases had distinct midline and lateral dural ligaments. CONCLUSION: MR images of the dural ligament demonstrate a thin low signal line at the anterior epidural space.
Cadaver* ; Dura Mater ; Epidural Space ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spinal Canal ; Spine

No abstract available.

Ullrich's disease is a congenital muscular dystrophy clinically characterized by generalized muscle weakness, multiple contractures of the proximal joints, and hyperextensibility of the distal joints. All the patients develop rigidity of spine, often assoicated with scoliosis, failure to thrive, and early and severe respiratory involvement, irrespective of their levels of motor function. Intellectual development is normal. The biopsied muscles show dystrophies including remarkable variation in the fiber size, notably proliferated endomysial connective tissues, and a lot of degenerated and regenerated fibers. The expression of merosin and dytrophin is normal. Recent studies have demonstrated that collagen VI is deficient in the muscles of the patients with Ullrich's disease, and some result from recessive mutations of the collagen VIalpha 2 gene(COL6A2). And a marked reduction of fibronectin receptors in the extracellular matrix of skin and cultured fibroblasts of these patients is also reported. These results suggest that collagen VI deficiency may lead to the reduction of fibronectin receptors and that any abnormalities of cell adhesion may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. A case of Ullrich's disease has not been reported yet in Korea. So, we describe a male patient with Ullrich's disease with a brief review of the literature.
Cell Adhesion ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Contracture ; Extracellular Matrix ; Failure to Thrive ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Integrin alpha5beta1 ; Joints ; Korea ; Laminin ; Male ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscles ; Muscular Dystrophies ; Receptors, Fibronectin ; Scoliosis ; Skin ; Spine