No abstract available.
Animals ; Burns* ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes* ; Mice* ; Spleen* ; Thymus Gland*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes* ; Rats*

Hypochondroplasia is a form of short
Achondroplasia ; Christianity ; Dwarfism ; Extremities ; Hand

Closed intramedullary nailing for trochanteric fractures of femur has many advantages such as minimal operative trauma, low incidence of infection, good stability of fracture, low incidence of delayed or nounion and early ambulation. Complications have been frequently experienced especially in elderly, osteoporotic patients, but these could be avoided by meticulous surgical procedure. The authors hsve treated 99 cases of intertrochanteric fracture and 23 cases of subtrochanteric fracture from March 1982 to December 1987 with this method and the results are summerized as follows : 1. The aversge age was 61.4 yrs. 2. In classification of intertrochanteric fracture, stable fractures(Kyle type I & II) were 53 cases(43.3%) and unstable fractures(Kyle type III & IV) were 46 cases(37.6%). And in subtrochanteric fracture, stable transverse fractures were 12 cases(9.8%) and unstable long oblique or spiral fractures were 11 cases(9.0%). 3. Intraoperative complications were experienced in 23 cases(18.8%). The entry hole breakage was most common and occurred in 16 cases. 4. Of the 94 patients with more than 6 months follow-up, 21 patients(22.3%) showed more than one complication, e.g, knee joint pain in 15 cases, external rotation deformity in 8 and nail migration in 11 including 3 cases of fixation loss and one case of nonunion with nail breakage, etc. 5. Complications occurred more frequently in unstable fractures(31.8%) and in old ages (29.1%) than in stable fractures and in young ages respectively. And it was felt that complications could be minimized by packing of the medullary canal with nails. 6. It is thought that flexible intramedullary nailing is a good method for trochanteric fractures of femur not only in elderly debilitated patients but also in young patients. However, experience and caution are required to prevent complications.
Aged ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Early Ambulation ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intraoperative Complications ; Knee Joint ; Methods

We analyzed the surgical result of pars plana vitrectomy using silicone oil tamponade and evaluated the effect of different silicone oil viscosity on the result. Of all 66 patients, 48 were male and their mean age was 45.9 years. The most common underlying disease was proliferative vitreoretinopathy (29 patients) and 54 patients (81.9%) had visual acuity of 5/200 or less. Mean follow-up period was 8.94 months. Twenty eight patients had undertaken two or more vitreoretianl surgeries. Anatomical and functional success was achieved in 57 (86.4%) and 31 patients (47.0%), respectively. Complications included hypotony (7 patients), increased intraocular pressure (6 patients), keratopathy (4 patients) and closure of inferior iridectomy (3 patients) on the last follow-up. There was statistically significant correlation between preoperative and final visual acuity (p=0.0001), anatomical success and improvement of visual acuity (p=0.0057), and frequency of vitreoretinal surgery and final visual acuity (p=0.0143). There was no statistically significant difference in the surgical result between eyes using 1,000 cSt and 5,000 cSt silicone oil. This result suggests silicone oil injection may effectively support the surgical treatment of intractible retinal detachment. However, difference of its viscosity seems to make little effect on the surgical result.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iridectomy ; Male ; Retinal Detachment ; Silicone Oils* ; Viscosity* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy* ; Vitreoretinal Surgery ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

PURPOSE: Intrarenal reflux(IRR) is backflow of urine from the renal pelvis into the collecting ducts. IRR is the main cause of renal injury in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) which leads to renal scars, hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic renal failure. The purpose of our study was to investigate the characteristics of intrarenal reflux. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 80 patients who were diagnosed as having grades of III-V VUR from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 in the department of pediatrics in Ajou University Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of IRR on voiding cystoureterogram and compared to each other for the possible factors associated with intrarenal reflux. RESULTS: Among 80 VUR patients, IRR(+) group comprised 17(21.3%) patients and 27 renal units(23.2%) and revealed younger age, higher grade of VUR, and more proteinuria compared to IRR(-) group. There were no significant difference in gender, laboratory findings and the rate of resolution in VUR or defects on renal scan between two groups. Also, intrarenal reflux mostly corresponded to the same site of photon defects on DMSA scan. CONCLUSION: We suggest that intrarenal reflux tends to be associated with younger age, higher grade of reflux, more proteinuria with no difference in resolution rate of VUR when compared to the VUR patients without IRR. From this study, we were able to understand the characteristics of intrarenal reflux in children with urinary tract infection.
Child ; Cicatrix ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Pelvis ; Medical Records ; Pediatrics ; Proteinuria ; Receptor, Insulin ; Retrospective Studies ; Succimer ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Cholangiocytes, the lining epithelial cells in bile ducts, are an important subset of liver cells. They are activated by endogenous and exogenous stimuli and are involved in the modification of bile volume and composition. They are also involved in damaging and repairing the liver. Cholangiocytes have many functions including bile production. They are also involved in transport processes that regulate the volume and composition of bile. Cholangiocytes undergo proliferation and cell death under a variety of conditions. Cholangiocytes have functional and morphological heterogenecity. The immunobiology of cholangiocytes is important, particularly for understanding biliary disease. Secretion of different proinflammatory mediators, cytokines, and chemokines suggests the major role that cholangiocytes play in inflammatory reactions. Furthermore, paracrine secretion of growth factors and peptides mediates extensive cross-talk with other liver cells, including hepatocytes, stellate cells, stem cells, subepithelial myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells. Cholangiopathy refers to a category of chronic liver diseases whose primary disease target is the cholangiocyte. Cholangiopathy usually results in end-stage liver disease requiring liver transplant. We summarize the biology of cholangiocytes and redefine the concept of cholangiopathy. We also discuss the recent progress that has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of cholangiopathy and how such progress has influenced therapy.
Bile ; Bile Ducts ; Biology* ; Cell Death ; Chemokines ; Cytokines ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Hepatocytes ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Myofibroblasts ; Peptides ; Stem Cells

In order to identify the correlations between clinical results and quantitative data of gait analysis, we analyzed the results of 20 cases of total knee joint replacement arthroplasty in 15 patients with degenerative arthritis. We also evaluated the gait analysis of ten age-matched healthy candidates as a control group. Mean follow-up periods were 30 months. Clinical results included post-operative HSS (Hospital for Special Surgery) knee rating scores and the changes of the tibiofemoral angles. The three dimensional gait analysis included clinical assessment, video-taping, three dimensional kinematics and kinetics. The three dimensional kinematics were obtained using a 5 camera VICON system, and the three dimensional kinetic data was collected using two AMTI force plates. There was no statistical difference in linear parameters between the patient and control group. In patients group, however, double support time decreased as the HSS score increased, and range of knee motion and maximum knee flexion increased in accordance with the increase of pain score. Kinematic data of the patients group revealed that some parameters, such as knee flexion during loading response, knee flexion in swing phase, and knee varus during swing phase, were decreased. On the other hand, internal rotation of the knee from initial contact to initial swing was increased when compared with that of control group. There was no significant correlation between the degrees of tibiofemoral angle and coronal plane moment in the patients group. In three cases which showed mild varus instability post-operatively, knee flexion during loading response decreased and valgus moment in midstance increased as compared with the cases without instability. We believe that three dimensional gait analysis will be a good modality for evaluation of the results after total knee arthroplasty. With further accumulation of long term. follow-up data of gait analysis, we might be able to predict the long term results of total knee arthroplasty including possibility of loosening.
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gait* ; Hand ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Knee Joint ; Knee* ; Osteoarthritis

Purpose: Acetaminophen overdose accounts for the largest proportion of pediatric poisoning reported in South Korea. We investigated the characteristics and prognosis of pediatric acetaminophen overdose. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients younger than 19 years with acetaminophen overdose who visited the emergency department (ED) of Pusan National University Children’s Hospital from January 2009 through December 2022. We investigated age, sex, dose, clinical findings, and treatment, and compared the differences in the variables according to the intentionality of ingestion and the presence of hepatotoxicity. Results: Among the 132,691 pediatric patients who visited the ED during the period, 555 did for drug intoxication, of whom 51 with acetaminophen overdose were included in this study. The overdose was intentional in 43 patients (the intentional group; median age, 15.4 years [interquartile range, 13.9-16.8]) and accidental in 8 patients (the accidental group; 7.7 years [2.3-15.4]). The mean ingested dose was higher in the intentional group than in the accidental group (170.3 ± 129.0 vs. 105.3 ± 37.5 mg/kg; P = 0.016). Hospitalization tended to be implemented more frequently in the intentional group (53.5% vs. 12.5%; P = 0.081). All patients with hepatotoxicity (n = 10) belonged to the same group, and showed a higher or longer median age (15.9 [14.6-17.1] vs. 13.8 years [13.7-16.4]; P = 0.030), mean ingested dose (13,230.0 ± 10,544.8 vs. 7,654.0 ± 6,752.3 mg; P = 0.043), mean time from ingestion to arrival at the ED (22.6 ± 23.4 vs. 5.5 ± 6.4 hours; P = 0.048), and frequency of hospitalization (80.0% vs. 39.0%; P = 0.048). Conclusion It is necessary to track the occurrence of hepatotoxicity in patients who intentionally ingest acetaminophen.

Purpose: Acetaminophen overdose accounts for the largest proportion of pediatric poisoning reported in South Korea. We investigated the characteristics and prognosis of pediatric acetaminophen overdose. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients younger than 19 years with acetaminophen overdose who visited the emergency department (ED) of Pusan National University Children’s Hospital from January 2009 through December 2022. We investigated age, sex, dose, clinical findings, and treatment, and compared the differences in the variables according to the intentionality of ingestion and the presence of hepatotoxicity. Results: Among the 132,691 pediatric patients who visited the ED during the period, 555 did for drug intoxication, of whom 51 with acetaminophen overdose were included in this study. The overdose was intentional in 43 patients (the intentional group; median age, 15.4 years [interquartile range, 13.9-16.8]) and accidental in 8 patients (the accidental group; 7.7 years [2.3-15.4]). The mean ingested dose was higher in the intentional group than in the accidental group (170.3 ± 129.0 vs. 105.3 ± 37.5 mg/kg; P = 0.016). Hospitalization tended to be implemented more frequently in the intentional group (53.5% vs. 12.5%; P = 0.081). All patients with hepatotoxicity (n = 10) belonged to the same group, and showed a higher or longer median age (15.9 [14.6-17.1] vs. 13.8 years [13.7-16.4]; P = 0.030), mean ingested dose (13,230.0 ± 10,544.8 vs. 7,654.0 ± 6,752.3 mg; P = 0.043), mean time from ingestion to arrival at the ED (22.6 ± 23.4 vs. 5.5 ± 6.4 hours; P = 0.048), and frequency of hospitalization (80.0% vs. 39.0%; P = 0.048). Conclusion It is necessary to track the occurrence of hepatotoxicity in patients who intentionally ingest acetaminophen.