A 18-year-old male patient presented with the skin colored, dome-shaped, soft, movable mass in his left retroauriculr region. The mass has slowly increased in size since birth. Histopathologic exarnination revealed sebaceous gland, eccrine gland and crosssectioned hair in the surrounding tissue, hair shaft projected into the lumen, and laminated horny material in the cyst. Transitional zone between stratified squarnous epithelium and the wall lined by histiocytes showed homogenous degenerative change. After surgical removal of the lesion, no recurrence was observed during 15 months of follow-up.
Adolescent ; Dermoid Cyst* ; Eccrine Glands ; Epithelium ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hair ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Male ; Parturition ; Recurrence ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin

No abstract available.

We report a 44-year-old female patient with Eosinophilic cellulitis who had developed pruritic erythematous plaque on the right lower abdomen since two months ago. The blood eosinophil count was 2,066/mm at first visit. This lesion responded well to cortieosteroid therapy. However new erythematous swelling reappeared on the left lower abdomen and left inner thigh 3 months after the first treatment. A biopsy specimen taken from an erythematous plaque showed many flame figures and diffuse infiltration of eosinophils and histiocytes in the lower dermis and subcutaneous fat tissue.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Cellulitis* ; Dermis ; Eosinophils* ; Female ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Thigh

The increasingly successful results of hair restoration surgery in the last years have developed the interest and the confidence of patients and it is the most frequently performed esthetic surgery among male patients. Currently, various kinds of techniques for hair restoration surgery including hair transplantation, scalp reduction, and scalp flaps are performed in our clinic. Among these, hair transplantation is the basic and the most popular procedure, which can be performed not only by itself but also in conjunction with other procedures. 123 consecutive cases of hair transplantations were peformed from Jan. 1995 to Feb. 1996 for male pattern baldness, traumatic alopecia, and female pattern baldness under out patient base. The authors introduced a new classification for male pattern baldness, which are the type M, O, C, U, M-O, and C-O after alphabet to make simple and easy for clinical application. The ancillary procedures were scalp reduction, preauricular flap, and scalp expansion. An ellipsis of hair bearing scalp taken from the occipital area was sliced into slit-, mega-, mini-, and micro-grafts. The survival rate of the grafts was over 90% with minimal complications. This hair transplantation technique enabled us to achieve a good density and more natural looking hair with avoidance of cobble stoning and apparent scar.
Alopecia* ; Cicatrix ; Classification ; Hair* ; Humans ; Male* ; Scalp ; Surgery, Plastic ; Survival Rate ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between age at menopause and mortality in a population-based sample of women in Kangwha, Korea. METHODS: From the Kangwha Cohort, followed-up from 1985 to 1999, the data of the over 55 year old female group(n=3,596) was used in this study to examine the association between age at menopause and mortality. We calculated the all causes mortality risk ratio and the cancer mortality risk ratio by age at menopause grouping using the Cox Proportional Hazards Model with adjustments for age, BMI, smoking, education, chronic disease, self-rated health status, alcohol consumption and age at first birth. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Compared to women who had menopause at 45-49 years, the all causes mortality risk ratio was 1.24 for women with menopause at less than 40 years(95% CI=1.01-1.53) and 1.05 for women with menopause at over 50 years(95% CI=0.92-1.20). Also, compared to women who had menopause at 45-49 years, the cancer mortality risk ratio was 1.53 for women with menopause at less than 40 years(95% CI=0.78-2.98) and 1.17 for women with menopause at over 50 years(95% CI=0.77-1.80).
Alcohol Drinking ; Birth Order ; Chronic Disease ; Cohort Studies* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Menopause* ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Odds Ratio ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Alopecia* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Male* ; Tissue Expansion*

Scalp extension involves the continuous nonvolumetric expansion of the hair-bearing scalp, via biologic creep, using implanted surgical device consists of cutting a 5 cm wide strip of plain silastic (0.02 inch thick) from a larger 16x8 inch sheet, then gluing dacron-reinforced silastic strip (5x1 cm, 0.015 inch thich) to the distal ends. A stainless steel plate from hooks is then secured to each end of the extender. During the period from March 1996 to September 1997, 21 patients including 16 patients of male pattern baldness were treated for alopecia of the scalp using internal scalp extender in the department of plastic surgery Korea university hospital. All cases were successfully reconstructed without major complications. It not only reduces the number of scalp reductions and time necessary to totally excise bald vertex scalp, but also appears to decrease the amounts of stretch back and atrophic scarring that may accompany some reductions. Scalp extension appears to be a useful adjunctive technique in hair replacement and reconstructive surgery, and has distinct advantages over standard scalp reduction and tissue expansion techniques.
Alopecia* ; Cicatrix ; Hair* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male* ; Scalp* ; Stainless Steel ; Surgery, Plastic ; Tissue Expansion

Crossed renal ectopia is an unusual congenital anomaly, probably produced by abnormal development of the ureteral bud. The deformity itself produces no symptoms and the clinical presentation generally is for obstruction and infection. The pediatric patients present most often with multiple congenital anomalies, especially of the skeletal system. We report the two cases of crossed renal ectopia with fusion with review of literatures.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Ureter

Since Jafferson has reported the atlantal fracture in 1920, and its mechanism and type of fracture in detail, a few authers have reported the cases in their literature because the atlantal fractures are one of rare case in cervical injuries. The clinical signs are sparse indeed after acute transection or contusion of medulla. One survived has had a minimal neurologic deficit on account of wide vertebral canal for the cervical cord. The patient has complained the occipital headache and limited motion of neck commonly, without any neurological disturbance. The cervical tracton has been applied for the case usually. Recently, we experienced a case of atlantal fracture with occipito-atlantal dislocation and atlanto-axial dislocation, associated-with quadriplegia for 2.5 years progressively after cervical injury. On simple films of lateral view of cervical spine, it revealed a separated posterior arch was anteriorly dislocated and impacted into the vertebral canal, and anterior arch was markedly displaced anteriorly and had a bony union with the axis in angulated form. The odontoid process of axis is upward translocation. No fracture was found in open mouth view for the axis. The occipito-atlantal and atlanto-axial dislocation were found. On myelogram, the contrast media was almost obliterated in the false occipito-axial joint level by the compression of the fragmented posterior arch of atlas. On vertebral angiogram, it revealed a reverse curve of 3rd. portion of vertebral artery, representing the anterior arch of atlas included the arch retracted the vertebral artery anteriorly. We performed the suboccipital craniectomy and lanimectomy on the atlas for removal of posterior arch of atlas without any spine fusion, Because of the dislocated atlanto-axial joint had a bony union alreadly. The post-operative recovery was very rapid and satisfactory.
Atlanto-Axial Joint ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Contrast Media ; Contusions ; Dislocations* ; Headache ; Humans ; Joints ; Ligaments* ; Mouth ; Neck ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Odontoid Process ; Quadriplegia* ; Rupture* ; Spine ; Vertebral Artery

The post-traumatic leptomeningeal cyst, so-called growing fracture, is one of the complication of the skull fracture in childhood especially under the 3 years old, but very rare in the adult. Since Taveras and Ranschoff proposed the mechanism for production of the expanding fracture post-traumatically in 1953, many authers have explained the mechanism clinically and experimentally. Now we proposed a additional mechanism for producing the brain herniation into the expanding fracture as a case of post-traumatic leptomeningeal cyst reported. A 25 years old male patient was admitted to the department of Neurosurgery, Seoul Red Cross Hospital, because of headache, convulsion, and growing the mass with skull defect. The patient has had a history of skull fracture at the age of 2 years old. The simple skull films revealed a scalloped and saucerized margin of skull defect on left parietal bone. On electroencephalogram, we found a moderated abnormalities in the left parietal area. The left carotid angiogram showed a stretching of middle cerebral artery and elevation of left Sylvian point. The small capillary branches of middle cerebral artery has pushed out through the skull defect, which indented brain herniation into the skull defect. No cystic picture was found. We operated this case with the dura repair and grafting, and then cranioplasty with resion. On operative finding, we found that one edge on torn dura has impacted into the opposite edge of fractured skull tightly, which suggested the pulling up the dura and brain into the skull defect by growing rate of the skull bone. By the craniectomy for the bone, impacted dura, was free from the impacted bone and the above continued procedure had completely successful . The post-operative course was very satisfactory. According to the operative finding, the skull fracture with dural tearing are essential factors in producing the post-traumatic leptomeningeal cyst in infancy(usually under the 3 years old). When the one edge of torn dura is impacted into the edge of same side of fractured bone, or was left free, it will produce the simple leptomeningeal cyst during the improportional growing the skull bone and brain. On the other hand, when one edge of torn dura is impacted into the opposite edge of fracture bone, the growing parietal bone pulled up the encircled brain into the skull defect aperture gradually, which produced the brain herniation, a type of post-traumatic leptomeningeal cyst. We reported a case of the post-traumatic leptomeningeal cyst in adult very rarely, and proposed a mechanism for producing a brain herniation into skull defect, a type of post-traumatic leptomeningeal cyst.
Adult ; Arachnoid Cysts* ; Brain ; Capillaries ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Hand ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Neurosurgery ; Parietal Bone ; Pectinidae ; Rabeprazole ; Red Cross ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Skull ; Skull Fractures ; Transplants