BACKGROUND: For decades, patients with epilepsy and mental retardation (MR) have been considered as a relative contraindication for focal resective epilepsy surgery. However, considerable debate exists concerning whether the presence of MR is a contraindication for epilepsy surgery or not. We examined the postsurgical seizure outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) according to preoperative intelligence scores and the relationship between preoperative intelligence and postsurgical seizure outcomes of TLE. METHODS: We investigated 131 patients with TLE divided into two groups according to standard IQ ranges and seizure outcomes were compared by Engel's classification. RESULTS: The percentage of seizure free patients after surgery was 66.4% in all patients and the percentage in patients with and without MR were 60.7% and 68%, respectively. The age at seizure onset was significantly different between the MR group and non the MR group. However, other factors which have been thought to affect the intelligence of patients with TLE were not significantly different between the two groups. The best postoperative seizure outcome was shown in the borderline group, where the frequency of hippocampal sclerosis and age at seizure onset were significantly higher compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although preoperative MR has been regarded as a predictor for a poor prognosis of surgical outcome, our results suggest that MR alone is not a contraindication for epilepsy surgery. Therefore, epilepsy patients with MR who meet other inclusion criteria for epilepsy surgery should not be rejected for epilepsy surgery.
Classification ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability* ; Intelligence ; Prognosis* ; Sclerosis ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe*

Some individuals may demonstrate a secondary phase nystagmus (SPN) following the caloric irrigation. It has been stated that if a SPN begins prior to 140 seconds after the onset of caloric stimulation and if the magnitude of the slow phase velocity is greater than 6 degrees/sec, then a premature reversal caloric nystagmus (PRCN) is said to exit. Thus far, there have been no reports describing PRCN in Korea. We described a typical PRCN in a patient with medulloblastoma within the 4th ventricle. The patient had a gaze-evoked horizontal and upbeating nystagmus. However, there was no indication of spontaneous nystagmus. A monothermal caloric test was administered. The initial left beating primary phase nystagmus was subsided at 60 seconds after right cold water stimulation and at 110 seconds, a right beating SPN with 14 degrees/sec of slow phase velocity was appeared and was continuous for 240 seconds. Although the precise mechanism of PRCN is unknown, vestibular nuclei damage may be related.
Caloric Tests ; Humans ; Korea ; Medulloblastoma ; Nystagmus, Physiologic* ; Vestibular Nuclei ; Water

The Authors observed 16 cases of Parathion intoxication from 1972 to 1974 in LC.U. of Busan National University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1. Parathion solution (20%) was taken for the purpose of suicide in all 16 cases. 2. Male-to-female ratio was 1. 28: 1. Age distribution ranged from 18 to 31, and the highest age group was 2 nd decade (ll cases), next 3 rd (3 cases), and 1st decade (2 cases) in order. 3. Culture of bronchial secretion was done in 6 cases and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa were detected in 5 cases. 4. Adequate control of respiratory problems and drug therapies for this intoxication resulted.
Age Distribution ; Busan ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Parathion* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Suicide

BACKGROUND: We compared elderly and adult patients and tried to find a way to make an early diagnosis and proper management for elderly patients with altered mental status in the emergency department(ED). METHODS: During one year, two groups -123 elderly patients over 65 years and 127 adult patients from 20 to 64 years who visited ED in National Police Hospital(NPH)-were selected. Sex, age, arrival time after symptom onset, means of transportation, underlying diseases, causative disease, time of notification to other departments, and pattern of discharge of two groups were analyzed. RESULTS: The average age of the elderly and the adults were 76.43+/-9.51 and 42.12+/-15.0(yrs), respectively. As for the means of transportation, 84% of the elderly used a 911 ambulance service, and 11% used other emergency services. The average times from symptom onset to arrival for two groups were 124 minutes and 69 minutes, respectively. 86.99% of the elderly and 68.38% of the adults had underlying diseases. As for final diagnosis, cerebrovascular disease for the elderly and cardiovascular disease for the adults were the main causes. When patients left the hospital, rate of transfer to other hospital was higher in the elderly(60.2%), and rate of discharge was higher in the adults(15.8%). CONCLUSION: The elderly patients had more intracranial causes and needed longer time for diagnosis than the adult patients. In the case of the patients with intracranial cause who needed an emergency care, they were usually diagnosed at the secondary medical facility and then transferred to the other hospitals for proper treatment causing bad effect on the prognosis of the treatment due to time delay.
Adult ; Aged ; Ambulances ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Police ; Prognosis ; Transportation

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome(KTWS) is a rare, and sporadically occurring disorder characterized by hemihypertrophy(unilateral limb hypertrophy), varicose veins, hemangiomas and occasionally arteriovenous malformations. In 1900, noted French physicians Klippel and Trenaunay first described the syndrome in 2 patients presenting with port-wine stains and varicosities of extremities associated with hypertrophy of the affected limb's bones and soft tissues. There are other, and less frequent abnormalities. These may include limbs that are atrophic, fingers and toes that are disproportionately large or small, digits that are webbed(syndactyly), and too many digits(polydactyly), or too few digits(oligodactyly). The hemangiomas can occur in internal organs including the intestinal and the urinary tract systems. The exact cause of KTWS remains to be elucidated, although several theories exist. Most cases are sporadic, although a few cases in the literature report a multifactorial patterns of inheritance. We report a case of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome in a 3-year-old boy who had hypertrophy of the left facial bones and tissues, large hemangiomas on the right trunk and back, and hypertrophy of the right upper and lower limb's soft tissues.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; Child, Preschool ; Extremities ; Facial Bones ; Fingers ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome* ; Male ; Malformations of Cortical Development* ; Port-Wine Stain ; Toes ; Urinary Tract ; Varicose Veins ; Wills

Krukenberg tumor of the primary breast carcinoma is rare and this is almost invasive lobular carcinoma. They are usually bilateral and frequent in premenopausal women. Diagnosis of symptomatic Krukenberg tumor is reported to be 1 or 2 year after the diagnosis of primary neoplasm. But sometimes it is discovered prior to the detection of the primary breast carcinoma. Unexpected ovarian micrometastasis was recognized after oophorectomy of normally appearing ovaries in breast cancer patients. Existence of Krukenberg tumor means advanced primary disease and possible metastasis to other organs, and have a poorer prognosis. We report a case of Krukenberg tumors occurred 3 years after the diagnosis of primary ductal type breast carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Krukenberg Tumor* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis ; Ovariectomy ; Ovary* ; Prognosis

Spinal arachnoid cysts are relatively uncommon lesions that may be either intradural or extradural, while intradural spinal arachnoid cysts are even less common. The cysts are filled with clear, and colorless fluid nearly identical to cerebrospinal fluid. The origin of these cysts remains unclear although congenital, traumatic, and inflammatory causes have been postulated. These cysts are usually asymptomatic but may produce symptoms by compressing the spinal cord or nerve roots suddenly or progressively. The treatment of choice is surgical excision or fenestration, which is indicated when there are features of cord compression. We report a case of a thoracic spinal intradural arachnoid cyst in 13-year-old girl with chest pain.
Adolescent ; Arachnoid Cysts ; Arachnoid* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Chest Pain* ; Female ; Humans ; Spinal Cord ; Thorax*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the dynamic patency of the frontonasal duct(FND) on PNS CT scan after administration ofan iso-osmolar contrast agent (lsovist) into the nasal cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Coronal PNS CT scans from ten normal and 30 patients with symptoms of chronic sinusitis were obtained after administration of lsovist intothe nasal cavity, followed by Valsalva maneuver for the even distribution of the agent into the FND and sinuses. Atotal of 80 FNDs were evaluated for dynamic patency by examining the presence of the contrast agent in ducts. RESULTS: The contrast agent was visualized in 34/37 FNDs(91.9%) without ipsilateral frontal sinus it is and was visualized in 18/43 FNDs(41.9%) in cases of ipsilateral frontal sinusitis. In addition, the contrast agent within the ipsilateral frontal sinus was visualized in 8/18 FNDs(44.4%). The major causes of ductal obstruction were mucoperiosteal thickening and polypoid lesions secondary to inflammation. CONCLUSION: PNS CT scan together with the administration of lsovist, which caused minimal irritation, was useful for the evaluation of the relationship between the dynamic patency of the FND and frontal sinusitis, In addition, this study can provide the rhinologist with accurate anatomical and pathological information concerning the FND before a choice is made between endoscopic sinus surgery or medical treatment.
Frontal Sinus ; Frontal Sinusitis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Nasal Cavity* ; Sinusitis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed* ; Valsalva Maneuver

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most commonly used antiepileptic agents. With its potent effects against seizure or neuropathic pain, it also has several undesirable adverse events. CBZ has been known to induce hepatotoxicity because the drug is mainly metabolized through hepatic system, and asymptomatic liver enzyme elevation occurs in 5~10% of patients receiving CBZ. There are several cases of symptomatic hepatitis or hepatic necrosis by CBZ, however, reports of chronic cholangitis associated with CBZ medication are rare. Here, we present a case of chronic recurrent cholangitis by CBZ with pathological evidence.
Anticonvulsants ; Carbamazepine* ; Cholangitis* ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Liver ; Necrosis ; Neuralgia ; Seizures

The authors have experienced two cases of general anesthesia for operation of congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula and the results were obtained as follows. 1. The anesthetic agent should be selected as considering of lesser irritating to respiratory system and smaller amount of tracheobronchial secretion. 2. The infant circle absorber system has been preferred to the Ayres T-piece apparatus, because maintaining normal body temperature and removal of carbon dioxide easily. 3. Removal of secretion from trreheobronchial tree, intermittent positive pressure breathing, maintaining normal body temperature and humidity were thought to be necessary for the prevention and treatment of postogerative pneumonia or atelectasis.
Anesthesia, General* ; Body Temperature ; Carbon Dioxide ; Esophageal Atresia* ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Humidity ; Infant ; Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiratory System