This study was carried out to understand the relationship between specific chromosome changes and their phenotypic consequences at the tissue level of human lung cancers. Then paraffin-embedded human lung squamous cell carcinoma samples were investigated for in evidence of genetic alterations, using chromosome 7 and 17-specific repetitive alpha-satellite DNA probes. In situ hybridization procedure with chromosome-specific DNA probes was optimized for use on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue sections. The chromosome index ranged from 1.10 to 1.88(median, 1.49) for chromosome 7 and 1.20 to 1.98(median, 1.69) for chromosome 17. Normal lymphocytes and stromal cells showed one or two chromosome signals per cell in most cases. All tumors showed three or more chromosome signals per cell with range of 16.0% to 80.6% of cancer cells(median, 50.9%) for chromosome 7 and 32.7% to 84.7%(median, 69.9%) for chromosome 17. The chromosome index did not correlate with the DNA content in most cases. Chromosomes 7 and 17 were either overrepresented or underrepresented when they were compared with corresponding DNA index determined by FCM. An increase in copy number, particularly of chromosome 7 was associated with a less favorable phenotype, including high nuclear grade. In addition, chromosome alterations were differentially expressed in the different areas of the same tissue section, correlating with histologic heterogeneity. These results suggest that chromosome polysomy can be reliably detected in tissue sections using in situ hybridization. There is a strong correlation between genotypic abnormalities and tumor phenotype in human lung cancer. This capability will prove to be an important tool for determining the underlying genetic basis for tumor development, tissue phenotype heterogeneity and progression by allowing genetic determination to be made on paraffin-embedded tissue sections where tumor histologic architecture is preserved.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an exercise program using isometric and isotonic thera band exercises. METHODS: Data were collected from 30 total knee replacement patients hospitalized in the orthopedics department at 'B' hospital (control=15, experimental=15). The control group performed isometric exercises for one week while the experimental group performed three or more rounds of both isometric and isotonic exercises, including Thera-Band(R) exercises, everyday for four weeks. RESULTS: The experimental group improved significantly in muscular strength (Z=-1.99, P=0.047) and self-efficacy (Z=19.48, P=0.000), and showed lower levels of depression than the control group (Z=8.60, P=0.003). However, no difference was found in pain experience between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise programs using the isometric and Thera-Band(R) resistance training improve muscular strength and self-efficacy and relieve depression in total knee replacement patients.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Depression ; Exercise ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Resistance Training

The primary hyperparathyroidism is a complex endocrine disease caused by neoplasm or diffuse hyperplasia of parathyroid gland in which excessive paratyroid hormon is secreted. This results in chemical abnormalities of serum, and exerts major influences on the bone, kidney and gastrointestinal tract. The authors report 2 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism with review of the literature.
Adenoma ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; Hyperplasia ; Kidney ; Parathyroid Glands

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to propose and test a predictive model that could explain and predict Korean nurses' turnover intentions. METHODS: A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 445 nurses in Korea. Six instruments were used in this model. The data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and Amos 7.0 program. RESULTS: Based on the constructed model, organizational commitment, and burnout were found to have a significant direct effect on turnover intention of nurses. In addition, factors such as empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment were found to indirectly affect turnover intention of nurse. The final modified model yielded chi2=402.30, p<.001), chi2/df=2.94, RMSEA=0.07, RMR=0.03, GFI=0.90, AGF=0.87, NFI=0.88, CFI=0.92 and good fit indices. CONCLUSION: This structural equational model is a comprehensive theoretical model that explains the related factors and their relationship with turnover intention in Korean nurses. Findings from this study can be used to design appropriate strategies to further decrease the nurses' turnover intention in Korea.
Adult ; Burnout, Professional ; Female ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Male ; *Models, Theoretical ; *Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Personnel Turnover/*statistics & numerical data ; Power (Psychology) ; Questionnaires ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument of task performance evaluation for clinical nurses, thus testing the validity and the reliability of the scale. METHOD: Data was collected from 84 Head Nurses and 255 General Nurses. A conceptual framework, composed of 4 factors of meaning in task performance evaluation, was identified through review of the relevant literature. A total of 78 items were developed and were used on a five-point likert scale. Through factor analysis, items whose factor loading was below 0.50 were deleted, thus 35 items remained. To test the validity and reliability of the instrument, the SPSS 11.0 windows program was used. RESULT: The results of the factor analysis indicated that 4 factors were classified and the cumulative percent of variance was 67.54%. The results of the reliability test indicated that Cronbach's coefficient of the total 35 items was over 0.9176. The results of the factor analysis indicated that factor loadings of all items was over 0.50. Conclusively, the validity and the reliability of the scale were proven. CONCLUSION: This study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity.
*Task Performance and Analysis ; *Nursing Evaluation Research ; Nursing/*standards ; Middle Aged ; Korea ; Humans ; Female ; Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to provide basic data in the control of depression found in patients with fibromyalgia by analysing the main factors that affect them. METHOD: The subjects were 207 out-patients in three university medical centers diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the conditions by American College of Rheumatology (1990). Depression was measured by the CES-D Scale. Dependant variables, such as stress and anxiety were measured by the VAS Scale and physical activity was measured using 10(4-point-scale) questions developed by the researcher. The number of tender points was converted to scores based on the criteria of the ACR(1990) and of Yunus. Self-efficacy was measured by the Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Lorig et al.(1989) for arthritis patients. RESULT: The main factors that affect depression of patients with fibromyalgia were self-efficacy, anxiety, physical activity, tender points fatigue, and family support, which explained 49% of the depression. CONCLUSION: It has been confirmed that the regression equation model of this research may serve as a predictor of depression in patients with fibromyalgia.
Self Efficacy ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Fibromyalgia/*psychology ; Female ; Fatigue ; Family ; Exercise ; Depression/*etiology ; Anxiety ; Adult

No abstract available.
Cactaceae* ; Dermatitis* ; Humans ; Leprosy*

PURPOSE: This research has been conducted in order to understand the major factors that affect self-esteem of adolescents. METHODS: Data was collected by questionnaires from 1155 students at middle and high school in Seoul and Kyungkido, Korea. The Instrument tools utilized in this study were self-esteem, body-image, problematic behavior, depression, school adjustment, social support tool and thoroughly modified to verify validity and reliability. The collected data have been analyzed using SPSS 11.0 program. The variable of family harmony and counseling partner was treated as a dummy variable. Seven outliers which were bigger than 3 in absolute value were found, so after taking them off, Multiple Regression was used for further analysis. RESULT: The major factors that affect self-esteem of adolescents were depression, social support, body-image, problematic behavior, school adjustment, and family harmony, which explained 54.7% of self-esteem. CONCLUSION: It has been confirmed that the regression equation model of this research may serve as a self-esteem prediction factors in adolescents.
Social Support ; *Self Concept ; Male ; Korea ; Humans ; Female ; Body Image ; *Adolescent Psychology ; Adolescent Behavior ; Adolescent

PURPOSE: This research has been conducted in order to understand the major factors that affect self-esteem of adolescents. METHODS: Data was collected by questionnaires from 1155 students at middle and high school in Seoul and Kyungkido, Korea. The Instrument tools utilized in this study were self-esteem, body-image, problematic behavior, depression, school adjustment, social support tool and thoroughly modified to verify validity and reliability. The collected data have been analyzed using SPSS 11.0 program. The variable of family harmony and counseling partner was treated as a dummy variable. Seven outliers which were bigger than 3 in absolute value were found, so after taking them off, Multiple Regression was used for further analysis. RESULT: The major factors that affect self-esteem of adolescents were depression, social support, body-image, problematic behavior, school adjustment, and family harmony, which explained 54.7% of self-esteem. CONCLUSION: It has been confirmed that the regression equation model of this research may serve as a self-esteem prediction factors in adolescents.
Social Support ; *Self Concept ; Male ; Korea ; Humans ; Female ; Body Image ; *Adolescent Psychology ; Adolescent Behavior ; Adolescent

PURPOSE: This study was to monitor the effects of forming desirable eating and exercise habits and change the blood lipid levels by developing and applying E-Mail educational programs for a hyperlipidemia health check-up. METHOD: The research design used a nonequivalent control group pre-post test. Ninety-nine subjects (Exp.=50, Cont.=49) were selected randomly and the male subjects agreed to a hyperlipidemia health check-up at a comprehensive medical screening center. This study verified validity and reliability through factor analysis on a life habit measurement tool. The data was analyzed with SPSS win 12.0 using an chi-square-test,t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. RESULT: Eatingand exercise habit scores of the experimental group which were educated through E-Mails changed considerably more than that of the control group which was not educated. Total-cholesterol and LDLcholesterol in the experimental group was considerably lower than that in the control group, but HDL-cholesterol increased considerably. Triglycerides, however, didn't show change. CONCLUSION: An E-Mail educational program may be applied as a hyperlipidemia health check-up nursing intervention strategy.
Adult ; Cholesterol/blood ; *Electronic Mail ; Health Status ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/*nursing/psychology ; Middle Aged ; Nursing Theory ; *Patient Education as Topic ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Care