No abstract available.
Decompression* ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament*

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Killer Cells, Natural*

No abstract available.
Knee* ; Popliteal Artery*

The authors analysed the CT findings in 75 cases diagnosed as gastric carcinoma by U.G. I.S. or endoscopy in a 3)1, year period. The comparative analysis betw~en CT findings and surgical pathologic findings was done in 55 cases who underwent surgery. 20 cases could not be operated upon because of distant metastasis. The gastric carcinoma was devided into 4′ stages according to the staging system of the American joint Committee on Cancer. The CT findings were then compared and the following results noted : 1. The relationship with gastric wall thickening and penetratioil degree of tumori no thickening (Iesser than 1.0 cm) of 3 cases showed all of T1, 11 of localized thickening (1. 0.1 .5cm) showed 7 of T2, 38 of localized thickening (more than 1.5 cm) showed 37 of T3 and 3 of diffuse thickening showed all of T4a. 2. The accuracy of Iymph node detection by CT scan, 1) Regionaf tymph node showed 86% in operative f in ding and 73% in pathologic. 2) Extragastric Iymph node showed 87% in operative finding and 89% in pathologic. 3) Retro-peritoneallymph node showed 96% in operative finding and 95% in pathologic. ic. 3. In operated cases, there was one case of false positive distant metastasis and three false negative cases. 20 cases of non-operated cases showed distant metastasis such as liver, lung or kidney. 4. 55 cases were classified as stage 1 in 4 cases, 11 in 18, 111 in 23 and IV in 10 by pathologic findings, and 1 in 3, 11 in 24, 111 in 19 and IV in 9 by CT. The overall accuracy by CT stagi ng is 75%. 5. Among a total of 75 cases, there were 46 operable cases by CT finding an d 43 operabl e cases by pathologic staging. There we re 29 inoperable cases by CT finding and 27 cases by pathologic staging. Therefore, there was a 93% overall accuracy by CT stagi ng in terms of determination of operability. 6. The accuracy of adhesion into adjacent structure by CT finding was 69%. compared with operable finding.
Endoscopy ; Joints ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Korea is an endemic area of viral hepatitis B with a rate of 5~10% carrier state. Therefore, hepatitis B vaccination is performed nationwide. But 5~15% of healthy individuals fail to respond adequately to the vaccine and an approved guideline for the nonresponders has not been developed yet. This study is designed to identify risk factors for those who lack anti-HBs after hepatitis B vaccination and to document the results of a double-dose revaccination in such nonresponders to the primary vaccination. METHODS: From Feb. 1996 to Aug, 1997, we assessed 51 healthy subjects(HBs Ag negative, anti-HBs negative, anti-HBc negative and a normal LFT). All subjects were vaccinated with Hepavax- B, 1.0ml, 24 by a rapid schedule(0, 1, and 2 months) and 27 by a standard schedule(0, 1, and 6 months). Anti-HBs titers were evaluated 3 months after the third vaccine and assessed the nonre-sponders (anti-HBs titer<2mIu/ml) and the hyporesponders(2~10mK/ml). All 13 nonresponders were revaccinated with 2ml of Hepavax-B 3 months after the primary vaccination. Anti-HBs titers were evaluated 1 month later. RESULTS: The differences in age(p<0.01) and smoking amount(p<0.05) between the responders and the hypo and the nonresponders were statistically significant. There were more males and higher body mass index in the hypo and the nonresponders but not statistically significant. The seroconversion rate after the double-dose vaccination was 92.3%(12/13) with an average titer of 5K08mlU/ ml(1-132.4mIU/ml). CONCLUSIONS: Increase in age and smoking amount were the risk factors of the nonresponders after the primary vaccination. Most of the hypo and the nonresponders to the primary vaccination responded adequately to the double-dose revaccination.
Body Mass Index ; Carrier State ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary* ; Korea ; Male ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vaccination

Peroneal neuropathy presenting at birth is a rare disorder. Although neonatal mononeuropathies may be related to obstetrical complications, prenatal mechanisms should be also considered. We describe an infant who was born at term by cesarean section due to breech presentation with a unilateral footdrop. Lack of compound muscle action potential in the peroneal nerve and denervation potentials confined to the tibialis anterior and the extensor hallucis longus muscles in the electrophysiological studies on the fourth day of life strongly suggest an isolated peroneal neuropathy of intrauterine onset. Early and sequential electrodiagnostic studies will be important to provide better temporal and pathophysiologic definitions, the better timing of onset and prognosis for mononeuropathies presenting in newborn infants.
Action Potentials ; Breech Presentation ; Cesarean Section ; Denervation ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mononeuropathies ; Muscles ; Parturition ; Peroneal Nerve ; Peroneal Neuropathies* ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: We evaluared the risk factors, clinical characteristic, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal systemic fungal infection in 28 cases in order to find ways to prevent development of and to improve the prognosis of neonatal systemic fungal infection METHODS: From November 1994 to August 1996, 28 premature infants who were diagnosed as systemic fungal infection at Ilsin Christian Hospital NICU were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: 1) The mean gestational age was 30.7 weeks(27-35.5weeks) and the mean birth weight was 1528g(975-2980g). 2) The risk factors associated with the development of neonatal systemic fungal infection included long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged hyperalimentation, prolonged use of aminophylline and steroid, and endotracheal intubation. 3) The most common presenting clinical manifestations were temperature instability, feeding intolerance, and apnea. 4) In laboratory studies, blood, urine, and CSF culture positivity was 92.8%, 92.8%, and 10.7%, respectively and renal and cranial sonogram were helpful to evaluate the renal and CNS involvement. 5) The principal treatment was intravenous amphotericin B administration for 4 weeks. The side effects, such as renal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, hypokalemia, and vomiting, developed but were reversible. 6) The mortality rate was 7.1%, and ventriculo-peritoneal shunts was performed in 3 cases who had fungal meningitis for the management of postmeningitic hydrocephalus. CONCLUSION: For was beformedin the diagnosis of neonatal systemic fungal infection is very difficult and the mortality is high, we recommend that antifungal therapy be initiated in clinically ill infants who are not responsive to antibiotic therapy and have negative culture findings and have some of the risk factors associated with systemic fungal infection.
Aminophylline ; Amphotericin B ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Apnea ; Birth Weight ; Diagnosis ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypokalemia ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Meningitis, Fungal ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ; Vomiting

HM41322 is a novel oral sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 1/2 dual inhibitor. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic profiles of HM41322 were compared to those of dapagliflozin. HM41322 showed a 10-fold selectivity for SGLT2 over SGLT1. HM41322 showed an inhibitory effect on SGLT2 similar to dapagliflozin, but showed a more potent inhibitory effect on SGLT1 than dapagliflozin. The maximum plasma HM41322 level after single oral doses at 0.1, 1, and 3 mg/kg were 142, 439, and 1830 ng/ml, respectively, and the T(1/2) was 3.1 h. HM41322 was rapidly absorbed and reached the circulation within 15 min. HM41322 maximized urinary glucose excretion by inhibiting both SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the kidney. HM41322 3 mg/kg caused the maximum urinary glucose excretion in normoglycemic mice (19.32±1.16 mg/g) at 24 h. In normal and diabetic mice, HM41322 significantly reduced glucose excursion. Four-week administration of HM41322 in db/db mice reduced HbA1c in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, HM41322 showed a favorable preclinical profile of postprandial glucose control through dual inhibitory activities against SGLT1 and SGLT2.
Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Glucose ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Kidney ; Mice ; Plasma

To investigate the underlying mechanisms of C18 fatty acids (stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid) on mast cells, we measured the effect of C18 fatty acids on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and histamine release in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Stearic acid rapidly increased initial peak of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, whereas linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid gradually increased this mobilization. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, stearic acid (100 microM) did not cause any increase of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Both linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid increased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, but the increase was smaller than that in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. These results suggest that C18 fatty acid-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization is mainly dependent on extracellular Ca2+ influx. Verapamil dose-dependently inhibited stearic acid-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, but did not affect both linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. These data suggest that the underlying mechanism of stearic acid, linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization may differ. Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid significantly increased histamine release. Linoleic acid (C18:2: omega-6)-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and histamine release were more prominent than alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3: omega-3). These data support the view that the intake of more alpha-linolenic acid than linoleic acid is useful in preventing inflammation.
alpha-Linolenic Acid ; Fatty Acids* ; Histamine Release* ; Inflammation ; Linoleic Acid ; Mast Cells ; Oleic Acid ; Verapamil

This study was designed to evaluate whether the nurses' assessment of postoperative pain can be an alternative to patients' self-reporting. We examined 187 patients receiving postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. The nurses assessed the patients' pain with three pain indices (therapeutic efficacy, pain intensity, and facial pain expression) 8 hr after operation. The patients recorded their resting and movement pain using 100-mm visual analog scales immediately following the nurses' assessment. There was an acceptable correlation between overall pain measurement assessed by patients and that assessed by nurses (canonical correlation coefficient=0.72, p=0.0001). The resting pain was more reliably reflected than the movement pain in overall measurement assessed both by nurses and by patients. Among the three pain indices assessed by nurses, the pain intensity most reliably reflected the patients' self-reports. The pain intensity assessed with a simple verbal descriptor scale therefore is believed to be an effective alternative to the patients' self-reports of postoperative pain at rest. However, it mirrored the patients' self-reports during movement less reliably. Therapeutic efficacy and facial pain expression indices were not effective alternatives to patients' self-reporting.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Facial Expression ; Human ; Nursing Assessment/*methods/standards ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative/*nursing ; Perioperative Nursing/*methods ; Reproducibility of Results