Sleep disordered breathing is highly prevalent in the elderly and affects older men and women similarly. Nocturia, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, traffic accidents and repeated falls are common manifestations of sleep apnea in the elderly and sleep study may be indicated in these patients. When a sleep study is planned, reliable markers of respiratory efforts and a tibial EMG should be included because central sleep apneas and periodic leg movements are common in the elderly patients. Although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seem to be lower in the elderly than in middle-aged adults, these may not be as low as commonly believed. Excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive dysfunction and nocturia can be improved by effective treatment with continuous positive airway pressure and a therapeutic trial should be recommended to all symptomatic patients. It is still unclear whether sleep apnea in older adults is a specific entity or the same disease as in younger adults. Further clinical research is warranted.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult* ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Mortality ; Nocturia ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes* ; Sleep Apnea, Central

The diastolic retinal arterial blood pressure was measured by Ophthalmodynamometer in 15 patients of essential hypertension before and after the administration of Raudixin three times a days. The follow up period was 4 to 70 days. The average fall of the systolic brachial blood pressure was 38.1 mmHg(from 174.6 to 136.5 mmHg) 19 days after the treatment, whereas the average fall of the diastolic brachial blood pressure was 19.6 mmHg (from 166.6 to 94.7 mmHg) 24 days after treatment. A positive correlation was demonstrated between the retinal and brachial diastolic blood pressures prior to the treatment. The diastolic brachial blood pressure showed its fall only 15 days after treatment, the average fall being 17.1 mmHg. During this period of time, the average fall of the diastolic retinal arterial pressure was 10.2 mmHg. In 6 cases, the retinal arterial pressure didn't fall back to the normal valures and in 5 cases of Keith-Wagener group II, the retinal arterial pressure remained unchanged in spite of the treatment. The percentage ratio of the retinal to the brachial diastolic blood pressure remained stationary in 3 cases, rose in 4 cases. The number of cases which show fall in this ratio gradually increased and about 80% of the cases demonstrated definite fall one month after treatment. The retinal arterial pressure remained stationary during 2 weeks after treatment in 60% of the cases. The significant lowering of the retinal arterial blood pressure was observed only one month after treatment in the majority of cases. The retinal arterial pressure fell below normal range in no case.
Arterial Pressure* ; Blood Pressure ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Rauwolfia* ; Reference Values ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: When Managing metastatic bladder tumors, to overcome the resistance mechanism of cisplatin is a main problem to be solved. The objective is to confirm the changes of general and ultrastructural morph ology with the induction of cisplatin resistance from the bladder cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples of this investigation are 2ng/ml-cisplatin resistant human bladder cell lines T24R2 established by SNUH Urology and the drug resistant bladder cell lines T24 was obtained from ATCC, as a control group. We cultured the resistant cell line on the slide and observed it using light microscopy to see the general morphology. For the ultrastructural morphology, we fixed cultured cells, made an epon block, sliced an ultrathin section and observed it using H-71000 EM. RESULTS: Under light microscopy, the cytoplasm of the resistant cell line shows a plumper pattern than that of the parent cell. Under electronmicroscopy, the chromatin of the resistant cell line has a relatively finely dispersed chromatin pattern when compared to the parent cell line, which shows a coarse and aggregated chromatin pattern. Within the cytoplasm, the mitochondrial volume, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, polyribosomes and ribosomes are moderately increased in the resistant cell line when compared to the parent cell line. In particular, we found a great amount of double membrane vesicle near the cell surface and pinocytic vesicles on the surface, which are seldom observed within the parent cells. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the cisplatin resistant human bladder cell lines (T24R2) underwent a morphological change with the induction of cisplatin resistance, and we hypothesize that the resistant cell's ultrastructure, which shows morphological change, will be involved in the drug resistance mechanism. Regarding this matter, further research will be needed.
Cell Line* ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin ; Cisplatin* ; Cytoplasm ; Drug Resistance ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Humans ; Membranes ; Microscopy ; Mitochondrial Size ; Parents ; Polyribosomes ; Ribosomes ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urology

No abstract available.
Molar, Third* ; Paresthesia* ; Prospective Studies*

No abstract available.
Molar, Third* ; Paresthesia* ; Prospective Studies*

This investigation is an experimental study of the bone healing and remodeling process after Vertical Ramus Osteotomy(abbreviated as VRO) with early mobilization in adult dogs. Nineteen dogs were divided into three groups. Normal Control Group(N=2) was free of surgery. Experimental Group I(n=5) received only VRO without any intentional movements of distal fragments, and Experimental Group II(n=12) got VRO and backward driving of distal fragments. Animals were killed serially and the operated sites were reviewed grossly and histopathologically after the plain radiographs and Magnetic Resonance Images(abbreviated as MRI) were taken. The obtained results are as follows : 1. The early bone healing after VRO occurred mainly by the fusion of endosteal and subperiosteal calluses, and osteoinduced calluses from the cortices of fragments in intramembranous bone formation process. And the cartilaginous bone formations, which were considered to be associated with early functional movements of the mandible, were evident at the junction of these calluses. 2. The overlapping cortices of each fragment were fused by the osteoinduced calluses after decreased mobility of fragments mainly achieved by the subperiosteal calluses at the ateral and posterior part of pterygomasseteric sling. 3. Osteocytes in the cortices of fragments were dead by ischeinia and the marrow tissues were predominantly replaced by fibrous tissues in early stages. Active revascularization in the cortex and formation of new bone in the marrow, seen as the cancellous bones, were observed almost simultaneously and they were maintained until the 8th week when bone unions were confirmed. 4. Morphology of the mandible was changed byremodeling of the bone with reattachments of adjacent muscles after the 8th week. Callus in the gap was changed more and more into the compact bone after the 8th week, which united the proximal and distal fragments securely. 5. Low or iso-signal intensity at the cortex of fragments in early stages of MRI was being increased from the 4th week till the 12th week after VRO. The marrow spaces had high signal intensities on the T2-weighted images in early stages, but they returned to normal T1 and T2 high signals after the 12th week. 6. Signal intensities of the interfragmentary gap were high at the early stages and were gradually decreased to low signals at the 24th week. Atrophy of the masseter muscles with the high signal spots suggesting the increased vascularity was seen from the 2nd week, but the recovery of muscular volume with disappearance of high signal spots were also observed after the 8th week. In summary, the overlapped fragments made by VRO were completely healed by true bony union in adult dogs, even though they had cortex to cortex overlapping and early mobilizations had been allowed. Development of caelluses through the intramembranous bone formation, and the cartilaginous bone formations at the union of them tore mainly involved in the early bone healing. Direct communication of the marrows of the both segments was not found in this investigation, and more advanced study will be needed to explain the details of the fate of bony union after VRO.
Adult* ; Animals ; Atrophy ; Bone Marrow ; Bony Callus ; Dogs* ; Early Ambulation* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mandible* ; Masseter Muscle ; Muscles ; Osteocytes ; Osteogenesis ; Osteotomy*

A clinical observation of tattoos was made during physical exarnination for conscription in Choongchengnarndo and northern area of Seoul from April to August, 1988. The result were as follows : 1. The most common educational level of tattoo pstient was in the middle school graduated group (55.9%). 2. The average age when first tattoo was made was 17.3% years. 3. Left arm was the most favorite site (44.45b). 4. Most of motivation for being tattooed was curiosity, heroism, for fun(51.2%). 5. Girl friends name, heart or heart and arrow, rose and one-mind were the most common contents of tattoos. 6. The average number of tattoo was 2.5. 7. More Tattoos were tattooed by themselves than by others (55.9%). 8. Most common tattoo material was chinese ink. 9. The complications of tattoo were found in 23 case (5.2%); hypertropic scar, keloid, post inflammatory hyper/hypo pigmentation and pyoderma. 10. The removal of tattoos were tried in 95 case (21.6%). The most frequent methods used were cigarette burning and scratching with a knife.
Adolescent* ; Arm ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Exploratory Behavior ; Female ; Friends ; Heart ; Humans ; Ink ; Keloid ; Motivation ; Pigmentation ; Pyoderma ; Seoul ; Tobacco Products

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a baptist electronic Nutritional Screening Program (B-eNSP) that could be easily used to identify patients with nutrition at risk or malnutrition on their admission to hospital using an integrated medical information system and to evaluate validity, reliability and efficiency of B-eNSP. METHODS: From June 1 2009 to June 21 2009, we enrolled 496 patients for prospective research. We analyzed age, sex, weight, height, weight loss in the last 3 months, serum albumin, alteration of dietary intake, gastrointestinal symptom, functional capacity, diagnosis and its relationship to nutritional requirements, physical examination and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). B-eNSP included body mass index (BMI), weight loss in the last 3 months, serum albumin. Each component was scored. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to evaluate the validity of the B-eNSP. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn by using B-eNSP to choose a cut-off value that maximizes sensitivity and specificity and Yoden Index. Comparison with SGA and the reliability of the B-eNSP was done using kappa statistics. RESULTS: The maximum Yoden Index was 0.866 and the cut-off value of the ROC curve was 2. A B-eNSP score higher than 2 was defined as nutrition at risk or malnutrition. Reliability of the B-eNSP was in accordance with SGA by kappa 0.845. CONCLUSION: The B-eNSP can be used efficiently to identify patients with nutrition at risk or malnutrition by simply using an integrated medical information system.
Body Mass Index ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Malnutrition ; Mass Screening ; Nutritional Requirements ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; Protestantism ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serum Albumin ; Weight Loss

The coding and filing of pathologic diagnoses have been heavy tasks; however with the availability of inexpensive microcomputer, a system may be developed that permits storage and retrieval to be performed efficiently. With Apple II(R) computer system and SNOP coding, a simple program using dBASE-II and QUICKCODE computer program can be created to include the following informations: accession number, chart number, sex and age of patients and 2 diagnosis codes. Once SNOP coding is carried out by medical staff, a secretary or clerk can enter the informations into the microcomputer. Data may be searched on any combination of the above parameters.

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Humans ; Periodicals* ; Suicide*