Cavernous hemangioma is about one-tenth as common as capillary hemangioma, although congenital, is often not apparent at birth and may undergo a rapid growth phase during the 6 months of life. It arises from skin layers to muscles, bones or central nervous system. Cavernous hemangioma is much less likely to undergo spontaneous involution and tends to have a more aggressive course, and may result in complications related to its location. The authors experienced a case of atypical cavernous hemangioma which arose from the left parotid gland at adult onset, its size was wax and wane without any symptoms or complications and its shape was characteristically dumbbell-like, so report this case with a review of literatures.
Adult ; Central Nervous System ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Humans ; Muscles ; Parotid Gland* ; Parturition ; Skin

A 49-year-old man visited our hospital via the emergency room. He had suffered chest trauma by falling down. His chest X-Ray showed pneumomediastinum with pneumopericardium. We checked the Chest CT, and it showed pneumopericardium without any injury to the other organs, the compressed heart and a minimal pneumothorax on the left hemithorax. Closed thoracostomy was then done under local anesthesia. We then performed open pericardiostomy under general anesthesia. We got a good result and so we report on this case.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Emergencies ; Heart ; Humans ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Middle Aged ; Pericardial Window Techniques ; Pericardium ; Pneumopericardium ; Pneumothorax ; Thoracostomy ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Postprimary pulmonary tuberculosis is located mainly in upper lobes. The tuberculous lesion involving the lower lobes usually arises from the upper lobe cavity through endobronchial spread. When tuberculosis is confined to the lower lung field, it often masquerades as pneumonia, lung cancer, bronchiectasis, or lung ahscess. Thus the correct diagnosis may be sometimes delayed for a long time. METHODS: We carried out, retrospectively, a clinical study on 50 patients confirmed with lower lung field tuberculosis who visited the Department of Pulmonary Medicine at Hanyang University Hospital from January 1992 to December 1994. The following results were obtained. RESULTS: Lower lung field tuberculosis without concomitant upper lobe disease occurred in fifty patients representing 6.9% of the total admission with active pulmonary tuberculosis over a period of 3 years. It occurred most frequently in the third decade but age distribution was relatively even. The mean age was 43 years old. Female was more frequently affected than male (male to female ratio 1:1.9). The most common symptom was cough(68%), followed by sputum(52%), fever(38%), and chest discomfort(30%). On chest X-ray of the S0patients, consolidation was the most common finding in 52%, followed by solitary nodule(22%), collapse(16%), cavitary lesion(l0%), in decreasing order. The disease confined to the right side in 25 cases, left side 20 cases, and both sides 5 cases. Endobronchial tuberculosis (1) Endobronchial involvement was proved by bronchoscopic examination in 20 of S0patients. (2) Mean age was 44years old and female was more affected than man (male to female ratio 1 : 3). Sputum AFB stain and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture were positive only in 50% of cases unlikely upper lobe tuberculosis, additional diagnostic methods were needed. In our study, bronchoscopic examination and percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy increased diagnostic yield by 18% and 32%, respectively. The most common associated condition was diabetes mellitus(18%) and others were anemia, anorexia nervosa, stomach cancer, and systemic steroid usage. CONCLUSION: When we find a lower lung field lesion, we should suspect tuberculosis if the patient has diabetes mellitus, anemia, systemic steroid usage, malignancy or other immune suppressed states. Because diagnostic yield of sputum AFB smear & Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture was low, additional diagnostic methods such as bronchoscopy and fine needle aspiration biopsy were needed.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Anemia ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchoscopy ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Male ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Medicine ; Retrospective Studies ; Sputum ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Many qualitative studies examining the chondrogenic potential of perichondrium have suggested that it may be useful for correction of microtia or for reconstruction of trachea, nasal septum, ala and eyelids, as well as to resurface the temporomandibular joint and small joints in the hand. This study was designed to evaluate cartilage formation by free rabbit auricular perichondrium placed on the muscle fascia of the back of the rabbit for 8 weeks. In addition to free perichondrial graft, AlloDerm(R) and Chitosan, as a scaffold wrapped with perichondrium, were transplanted to the same site respectively. In each case, the chondrogenic potential of perichondrium was examined. The new cartilage was morphologically indistinguishable from normal cartilage. Histologic differences were observed and measured under the light microscope. The mean cartilage thickness for free perichondrium was 0.38 +/- 0.01 mm, 0.64 +/- 0.04 mm for AlloDerm(R) , and 0.55 +/- 0.03 mm for Chitosan after 8 weeks. AlloDerm(R) and Chitosan contributed to produce significantly more neocartilage formation compared with perichondrial graft alone(p < 0.05). No statistic significance was found between AlloDerm(R) and Chitosan grafts. The above result shows AlloDerm(R) and Chitosan could act as a scaffold for generating cartilage and promote the effect on the chondrogenesis of perichondrium.
Cartilage* ; Chitosan* ; Chondrogenesis ; Eyelids ; Fascia ; Hand ; Joints ; Nasal Septum ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Trachea ; Transplants*

The objective of the current study was to investigate the treatment outcomes for the use of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) chemotherapy in adult patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Seventeen HLH patients older than 18 yr of age were treated with CHOP chemotherapy. A response evaluation was conducted for every two cycles of chemotherapy. With CHOP chemotherapy, complete response was achieved for 7/17 patients (41.2%), a partial response for 3/17 patients (17.6%), and the overall response rate was 58.8%. The median response duration (RD) was not reached and the 2-yr RD rate was 68.6%, with a median follow-up of 100 weeks. Median overall survival (OS) was 18 weeks (95% CI, 6-30 weeks) and the 2-yr OS rate was 43.9%. Reported grade 3 or 4 non-hematological toxicities were increased serum liver enzyme levels and stomatitis. Grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicities were leukopenia (50.8%), anemia (20%), and thrombocytopenia (33.9%). Neutropenic fever was observed in 21.6% of patients (14/65 cycles), and most of the cases were resolved with supportive care including treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. CHOP chemotherapy seems to be effective in adult HLH patients and the toxicities are manageable.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*administration & dosage/adverse ; Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Doxorubicin/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/*drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prednisone/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Remission Induction ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Vincristine/administration & dosage/adverse effects

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The reported frequency of stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SCMP, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy) is increasing; however, there are no data regarding predictors of in-hospital mortality and the recovery of left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with SCMP. Therefore, in this study, we sought to identify clinical predictors of in-hospital mortality and of the recovery of LV dysfunction in Korean patients with SCMP. METHODS: From November 2004 to November 2010, 155 patients who fulfilled the clinical diagnostic criteria of the Mayo clinic for SCMP were enrolled retrospectively from eight medical centers in Korea. We checked in-hospital deaths and compared the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall-motion score index (WMSI) upon enrollment for each patient with that after 1 week using echocardiograms. A total of 55 continuous variables and 52 nominal variables were analyzed to find variables associated with in-hospital mortality and the recovery of LV dysfunction. All significant variables were entered into a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 64 +/- 15 years; 118 (76.1%) patients were female. The in-hospital mortality rate was 5.2% (n = 8). An elevated initial platelet count was identified as a predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [95% CI]: 0.99 [0.99-1.00]). There were no predictors of the recovery of LVEF. Predictors of the recovery of WMSI were an absence of arrhythmic events (odds ratio [95% CI]: 22.89 [1.98-265.34]) and an elevated initial LV end-systolic diameter (odds ratio [95% CI]: 0.86 [0.74-1.00]). CONCLUSIONS: An initial absence of arrhythmic events and elevated LV end-diastolic pressure in patients with SCMP may be predictors of the timely recovery of LV dysfunction.
Cardiomyopathies ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Platelet Count ; Retrospective Studies ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We assessed the ability of portable echocardiography (with contrasts) to clearly delineate the cardiac structure, and evaluated the impact of its use on the diagnosis and management of critically ill patients in Korea. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 123 patients (mean age 66+/-16 years), who underwent portable transthoracic echocardiography (with contrast) for image enhancement at 12 medical centers. The quality of the global left ventricular (LV) images, the number of the regional LV segments visualized, the ability to visualize the LV apex and the right ventricle (RV), and any changes in the diagnostic procedure and treatment strategy were compared before and after the contrast. RESULTS: Of the 123 patients, 52 (42%) were using mechanical ventilators. The amount of poor or uninterpretable images decreased from 48% to 5% (p<0.001), after the contrast. Before the contrast, 15.6+/-1.1 of 16 LV segments were seen, which improved to 15.9+/-0.6 segments (p=0.001) after the contrast. The ability to visualize the LV apex increased from 47% to 94% (p<0.001), while the inability to clearly visualize the RV decreased from 46% to 19% (p<0.001). Changes in the diagnostic procedure (for example, not requiring other types of imaging studies) were observed in 18% of the patients, and the treatment plan (medication) was altered in 26% of patients after the contrast echocardiography. CONCLUSION: The use of a contrast agent during the portable echocardiography, in intensive care settings, can improve the image quality and impact the diagnostic procedures and treatment for Korean patients.
Critical Illness ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Critical Care* ; Korea ; Prospective Studies ; Ventilators, Mechanical

A refractory and resistant disease to conventional induction chemotherapy and relapsed disease are considered as the most important adverse prognostic factors for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Sixty-one patients (median age, 33.6 yr) with relapsed or refractory AML were treated with the FLAG regimen that consisted of fludarabine (30 mg/m2, days 1-5), cytarabine (2.0 g/m2, days 1-5) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Of the treated patients 29 patients (47.5%) achieved complete remission (CR). Higher CR rates were observed for patients with a first or second relapse as compared to patients with a primary refractory response or relapse after stem cell transplantation (HSCT). There was a significant difference in the response rates according to the duration of leukemia-free survival (pre-LFS) before chemotherapy (P=0.05). The recovery time of both neutrophils (> or =500/microL) and platelets (> or =20,000/microL) required a median of 21 and 18 days, respectively. Treatment-related mortality (TRM) occurred in seven patients (11.4%), of which 71.4% of TRM was caused by an invasive aspergillosis infection. After achieving CR, 18 patients underwent consolidation chemotherapy and six patients underwent allogeneic HSCT. In conclusion, FLAG chemotherapy without idarubicin is a relatively effective and well-tolerated regimen for relapsed or refractory AML and the use of FLAG chemotherapy has allowed intensive post-remission therapy including HSCT.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use ; Cytarabine/*therapeutic use/toxicity ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/*therapeutic use/toxicity ; Humans ; Idarubicin/therapeutic use ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*drug therapy/mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Treatment Outcome ; Vidarabine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use/toxicity

A refractory and resistant disease to conventional induction chemotherapy and relapsed disease are considered as the most important adverse prognostic factors for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Sixty-one patients (median age, 33.6 yr) with relapsed or refractory AML were treated with the FLAG regimen that consisted of fludarabine (30 mg/m2, days 1-5), cytarabine (2.0 g/m2, days 1-5) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Of the treated patients 29 patients (47.5%) achieved complete remission (CR). Higher CR rates were observed for patients with a first or second relapse as compared to patients with a primary refractory response or relapse after stem cell transplantation (HSCT). There was a significant difference in the response rates according to the duration of leukemia-free survival (pre-LFS) before chemotherapy (P=0.05). The recovery time of both neutrophils (> or =500/microL) and platelets (> or =20,000/microL) required a median of 21 and 18 days, respectively. Treatment-related mortality (TRM) occurred in seven patients (11.4%), of which 71.4% of TRM was caused by an invasive aspergillosis infection. After achieving CR, 18 patients underwent consolidation chemotherapy and six patients underwent allogeneic HSCT. In conclusion, FLAG chemotherapy without idarubicin is a relatively effective and well-tolerated regimen for relapsed or refractory AML and the use of FLAG chemotherapy has allowed intensive post-remission therapy including HSCT.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use ; Cytarabine/*therapeutic use/toxicity ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/*therapeutic use/toxicity ; Humans ; Idarubicin/therapeutic use ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*drug therapy/mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Treatment Outcome ; Vidarabine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use/toxicity

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an uncommon disorder of stomach, small bowel and colon characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia, eosinophilic infiltration of the gut wall, and variable clinical symptoms. This disease was first described by Kaijser in 1937, and its cause was poorly understood. It may be related to allergy, which combines allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy and elevated IgE. The clinical symptoms and signs are variable according to the extents and depths of the eosinophilic infiltration. Endoscopic findings may show normal, nodular, ulcerative, or hemorrhagic mucosal changes, and biopsy findings reveal eosinophilic infiltration of mucosal and muscular layer. We diagnosed and treated a case of diffuse serosal eosinophilic gastroenteritis associated with ascites in a patient with allergic asthma who had severe abdominal pain, distention and watery diarrhea, and she dramatically responded to corticosteroid therapy.
Abdominal Pain ; Ascites* ; Asthma ; Biopsy ; Colon ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Diarrhea ; Edema* ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Gastroenteritis* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Rhinitis ; Stomach ; Ulcer