Primary ovarian transitional cell carcinoma is extremely rare tumor. The histologic subtype was divided from malignant Brenner tumor due to it's own histologic characteristics and chemosensitive nature. Most of recent studies revealed that transitional cell carcinoma has a good response to chemotherapy and long-term survival. Recent histopathologic reports show that transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and of the ovary are immunophenotypically different. We experienced a case of primary ovarian transitional cell carcinoma, and report this case with a brief review of the concerned literatures.
Brenner Tumor ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Ovary ; Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVE: To reveal basic mechanism regarding the swallowing difficulty in stroke and inflammatory myopathy patients, and to compare this with normal persons. METHOD: Five volunteers without any swallowing problems, three inflammatory myopathy patients and five stroke patients with swallowing difficulty and a similar movement of the hyoid bone were included in this study. Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies were performed in all subjects, and their videofluoroscopic motions were analyzed through 2-dimensional motion analysis using the APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System). RESULTS: The motions of the hyoid bone and the epiglottis of the inflammatory myopathy patients were much smaller than those of the volunteers but their pattern was similar to the volunteers. Although the difference in the displacement of the hyoid bone and epiglottis between the stroke patients and volunteers was low, the movement pattern between them was different. During an excursion of the hyoid bone, there was an interruption in its motion, which may be due to the spasticity of the cricopharyngeal muscle. CONCLUSION: In inflammatory myopathy patients, the cause of the dysphagia is a weakness of the swallow-related muscles but in stroke patients, spasticity of the upper esophageal constrictor muscle, i.e. the cricopharyngeal muscle, may be another cause. Relieving the spasticity of the cricopharyngeal muscle as well as strengthening of the swallow-related muscles should be considered when treating stroke patients with dysphagia.
Deglutition Disorders* ; Deglutition* ; Epiglottis ; Humans ; Hyoid Bone ; Muscle Spasticity ; Muscles ; Myositis ; Stroke ; Volunteers

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the association between nicotine dependence and depressive mood in patients who visited a secondary hospital for smoking cessation treatment.METHODS: From March 2016 to February 2017, a total of 48 patients who visited the smoking cessation clinic of a secondary hospital in Seoul were surveyed through questionnaires. Nicotine dependence was assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depressive mood.RESULTS: The mean BDI score was positively associated with nicotine dependence (P=0.01). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, increasing BDI was associated with higher odds (1.21, 95% confidence interval; 1.02–1.44) of high nicotine dependence after adjusting for all confounding variables.CONCLUSION: Depressive mood was positively associated with nicotine dependence among patients who visited a smoking cessation clinic. Consideration of depressive mood in smoking cessation treatment may be helpful for smoking cessation among patients with a willingness to quit smoking.
Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Depression ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Nicotine ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking ; Tobacco Use Disorder

BACKGROUND: Eating breakfast is important for optimal growth and development in adolescence, and is associated with academic achievement as well as nutrition and health status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between breakfast consumption frequency and high school students' academic achievement.METHODS: We used data from the 2017 Korea Youth's Risk Behavior Web-Based Study, conducted by the Korean Center for Disease Control (64,991 students). The relationship between academic achievement and breakfast consumption frequency was examined using logistic regression.RESULTS: Students who consumed breakfast frequently exhibited higher academic achievement as compared to their counterparts. There was a significant correlation between awareness of appropriate eating habits and breakfast consumption frequency. Further, students who had not received any education about eating habits exhibited low academic achievement.CONCLUSION: To improve the academic achievement of students, they should be motivated to eat breakfast every day. Additionally, appropriate education about eating habits need to be implemented at schools and at home to increase students' breakfast consumption frequency.
Adolescent ; Breakfast ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Eating ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Risk-Taking