1.Canadida Vulvovaginitis.
Korean Journal of Medical Mycology 1999;4(2):91-97
Candida vulvovaginitis is caused by Candida albicans or, occasionally, by other Candida species, Toruopsis species (also known as Candida glabrata), or other yeasts. An estimated 75% of women have at least one episode of Candida vulvovaginitis, and 40~45% have two or more episodes. Asmall percentage of women (less than 5%) experience recurrence. Typical symptoms of Candida vulvovaginitis include pruritus and vaginal discharge. Other symptoms may include vaginal soreness, vulvar burning, dyspareunia, and external dysuria. Candida vulvovaginitis is often associated with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, pregnancy, low vaginal pH, and diabetes mellitus. Sexual activity and oral contraception may also be contributing factors. In healthy individuals, Candida species usually remain superficial and respond readily to treatment. The infection by these species depends upon the immune status, as well as the normal vaginal flora status, of the potential host.
Anti-Bacterial Agents
;
Burns
;
Candida
;
Candida albicans
;
Contraception
;
Diabetes Mellitus
;
Dyspareunia
;
Dysuria
;
Epidemiology
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
;
Pregnancy
;
Pruritus
;
Recurrence
;
Sexual Behavior
;
Vaginal Discharge
;
Vulvovaginitis*
;
Yeasts
2.Demineralized dentin matrix combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in rabbit calvarial defects.
In Woong UM ; Suk Hyun HWANG ; Young Kyun KIM ; Moon Young KIM ; Sang Ho JUN ; Jae Jun RYU ; Hyon Seok JANG
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2016;42(2):90-98
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic effects of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in rabbit calvarial defects with DDM and anorganic bovine bone (ABB) combined with rhBMP-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four round defects with 8-mm diameters were created in each rabbit calvaria. Each defect was treated with one of the following: 1) DDM, 2) ABB/rhBMP-2, or 3) DDM/rhBMP-2. The rhBMP-2 was combined with DDM and ABB according to a stepwise dry and dip lyophilizing protocol. Histological and microcomputed tomography (µCT) analyses were performed to measure the amount of bone formation and bone volume after 2- and 8-week healing intervals. RESULTS: Upon histological observation at two weeks, the DDM and ABB/rhBMP-2 groups showed osteoconductive bone formation, while the DDM/rhBMP-2 group showed osteoconductive and osteoinductive bone formation. New bone formation was higher in DDM/rhBMP-2, DDM and ABB decreasing order. The amounts of bone formation were very similar at two weeks; however, at eight weeks, the DDM/rhBMP-2 group showed a two-fold greater amount of bone formation compared to the DDM and ABB/rhBMP-2 groups. The µCT analysis showed markedly increased bone volume in the DDM/rhBMP-2 group at eight weeks compared with that of the DDM group. Notably, there was a slight decrease in bone volume in the ABB/rhBMP-2 group at eight weeks. There were no significant differences among the DDM, ABB/rhBMP-2, and DDM/rhBMP-2 groups at two or eight weeks. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, DDM appears to be a suitable carrier for rhBMP-2 in orthotopic sites.
Dentin*
;
Humans*
;
Osteogenesis
;
Skull
;
X-Ray Microtomography
3.In Vivo and In Vitro Quantification of Glucose Kinetics: From Bedside to Bench
Il-Young KIM ; Sanghee PARK ; Yeongmin KIM ; Yewon CHANG ; Cheol Soo CHOI ; Sang-Hoon SUH ; Robert R. WOLFE
Endocrinology and Metabolism 2020;35(4):733-749
Like other substrates, plasma glucose is in a dynamic state of constant turnover (i.e., rates of glucose appearance [Ra glucose] into and disappearance [Rd glucose] from the plasma) while staying within a narrow range of normal concentrations, a physiological priority. Persistent imbalance of glucose turnover leads to elevations (i.e., hyperglycemia, Ra>Rd) or falls (i.e., hypoglycemia, Ra
4.Regulation of Diabetes: a Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease?
Kee Chan AHN ; Cameron R LEARMAN ; Glen B BAKER ; Charles L WEAVER ; Phil Sang CHUNG ; Hyung Gun KIM ; Mee Sook SONG
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2019;34(46):e297-
Accumulated evidence suggests that sporadic cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) make up more than 95% of total AD patients, and diabetes has been implicated as a strong risk factor for the development of AD. Diabetes shares pathological features of AD, such as impaired insulin signaling, increased oxidative stress, increased amyloid-beta (Aβ) production, tauopathy and cerebrovascular complication. Due to shared pathologies between the two diseases, anti-diabetic drugs may be a suitable therapeutic option for AD treatment. In this article, we will discuss the well-known pathologies of AD, including Aβ plaques and tau tangles, as well as other mechanisms shared in AD and diabetes including reactive glia and the breakdown of blood brain barrier in order to evaluate the presence of any potential, indirect or direct links of pre-diabetic conditions to AD pathology. In addition, clinical evidence of high incidence of diabetic patients to the development of AD are described together with application of anti-diabetic medications to AD patients.
Alzheimer Disease
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Blood-Brain Barrier
;
Encephalitis
;
Humans
;
Incidence
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Insulin
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Neuroglia
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Oxidative Stress
;
Pathology
;
Risk Factors
;
Tauopathies
5.Present and Future of Digital Health in Diabetes and Metabolic Disease
Sang Youl RHEE ; Chiweon KIM ; Dong Wook SHIN ; Steven R. STEINHUBL
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal 2020;44(6):819-827
The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in medical and healthcare services goes beyond everyday life. Expectations of a new medical environment, not previously experienced by ICT, exist in the near future. In particular, chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity, have a high prevalence and high social and economic burden. In addition, the continuous evaluation and monitoring of daily life is important for effective treatment and management. Therefore, the wide use of ICTbased digital health systems is required for the treatment and management of these diseases. In this article, we compiled a variety of digital health technologies introduced to date in the field of diabetes and metabolic diseases.
6.Association of GATA5 methylation with clinocopathological characteristics in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Hyung Yoon YOON ; Sung Pil SEO ; Sang Keun LEE ; Ho Won KANG ; Won Tae KIM ; Dong Hee RYU ; Seok Joong YUN ; Sang Cheol LEE ; Wun Jae KIM ; Yong June KIM
Journal of Biomedical Research 2015;16(4):146-151
DNA methylation is the most common and well-characterized epigenetic change in human cancer. Recently, the association between GATA-binding protein 5 (GATA5) methylation and carcinogenesis of various types of tumors was investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of GATA5 methylation status on clinicopathological features and prognosis in primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients with a long-term followup period. The GATA5 methylation status was determined for 171 human bladder specimens (eight normal controls [NCs] and 163 primary NMIBC patients) using quantitative pyrosequencing analysis. The primary NMIBC tissues were obtained from patients who underwent transurethral resection (TUR) for histologically diagnosed transitional cell carcinomas between 1995 and 2012 at Chungbuk National University Hospital. GATA5 methylation was significantly higher in NMIBC patients than in NCs and was significantly associated with higher grade and more advanced stage of cancer. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed significant differences in tumor recurrence and progression according to GATA5 methylation status (each p<0.05). Our results show that increased methylation of GATA5 was significantly associated with not only aggressive characteristics but also poor prognosis in primary NMIBC patients. Alteration of GATA5 methylation might be used as a biomarker for prognosis of NMIBC patients. However, prospective and functional investigations are necessary to clarify the role of GATA5 methylation in future clinical management of patients with NMIBC.
Carcinogenesis
;
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
;
Chungcheongbuk-do
;
DNA Methylation
;
Epigenomics
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Humans
;
Methylation*
;
Prognosis
;
Prospective Studies
;
Recurrence
;
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms*
;
Urinary Bladder*
7.CT and MR Findings of Meningioangiomatosis.
Man Soo PARK ; Dae Chul SUH ; Woo Suk CHOI ; Sang Youl LEE ; Haingsub R CHUNG ; Sang Jin BAE ; Nam Hyeon KIM ; Seung Mun JUNG ; Dae Sik RYU
Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 1998;39(6):1057-1062
PURPOSE: To characterize the CT and MR findings in patients with meningioangiomatosis(MA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four patients (18 to 53 years old, two females and two males) with MA were retrospectively reviewed. CTwas used in four cases and MR in three. Pathologic specimens were obtained from all four. RESULT: All lesions were located in the cortical and subcortical areas and showed spotty(n=1), popcornlike(n=2), or gyral(n=1) calcification. The mass were associated with surrounding edema and gliosis. In two patients, lesions were multiple and were accompanied by eccentric cysts. CONCLUSION: MA is a surgically correctable benign disease. Its radiologic characteristics are cortical or subcortical mass with various calcifications, associated peripheral edema and gliosis.
Edema
;
Female
;
Gliosis
;
Humans
;
Middle Aged
;
Retrospective Studies
8.The effect of cytokines and endotoxin on the nitric oxide production and its relation to mitochondrial aconitase activity in cultured rat lung microvascular endothelial cells.
Sang Ho JANG ; Joon CHANG ; Jeon Han PARK ; Se Kyu KIM ; Se Jong KIM ; Sung Kyu KIM ; Won Young LEE ; Boaz A MARKEWITZ ; John R MICHAEL
Korean Journal of Medicine 1999;56(2):174-181
OBJECTIVE: Both constitutive and inducible forms of nitric oxide synthase exist in endothelial cells. Disorders that produce acute lung injury frequently release endotoxin and cytoknes, such as interferon(IFNgamma) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha). Endotoxin and these cytokines likely act as important mediators of cell injury. Because nitric oxide (NO) avidly reacts with iron, it may affect the activity of key enzymes, such as mitochondrial aconitase, which contain an iron-sulfur structure as a prosthetic group. METHOD: We studied the effect of IFNgamma, TNFalpha and E. coli lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on NO production and mitochondrial aconitase activity in cultured rat lung microvascular endothelial cells(RLMVC). RESULT: Exposing RLMVC for 24 hours to IFNgamma(500 U/mL), TNFalpha(300 U/mL) and LPS(5 microgram/mL) significantly increases nitrite production to 20+/-1 micrometer compared to 0.07 micrometer in control cells(P<0.05, n=4). Cytokine treatment also reduced mitochondrial aconitase activity from 196+/-8 to 102+/-34 nmole/min/mg of cell protein(P<0.05, n=4). Treatment with the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase N-monomethyl-L-arginine(NMMA) (0.5 mM) not only significantly blunted the cytokine-mediated increase in nitrite formation (3+/-0.5 micrometer vs 20+/-1 micrometer with cytokines, P<0.05, n=4), but also prevented the cytokine-mediated drop in aconitase activity (161+/- 24 vs. 196+/-8 nmole/min/mg of cell protein, NS). CONCLUSION: Exposing RLMVC to IFNgamma, TNFalpha and E. coli LPS substantially decreases mitochondrial aconitase activity. Nitric oxide appears to mediate this effect. Our results suggest that the excessive production of NO by endothelial cells, in response to cytokines and endotoxin, may inhibit the function of the endothelial cell itself.
Aconitate Hydratase*
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Acute Lung Injury
;
Animals
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Cytokines*
;
Endothelial Cells*
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Iron
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Lung*
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Nitric Oxide Synthase
;
Nitric Oxide*
;
Rats*
;
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
9.Preparation and post-transfusion aurvial of frozen-deglycerolized red blood cells.
Kyou Sup HAN ; Seog Woon KWON ; Bok Yun HAN ; Sang In KIM ; Young Chul OH ; Bum Ryoul CHOI ; Ki Hong KIM ; Noel R WEBSTER ; Luke S CHUNG ; James J JAMES
Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion 1992;3(1):1-7
No abstract available.
Erythrocytes*
10.Preparation of frozen-deglycerolized red blood cells (I).
Kyou Sup HAN ; Hee Jung KANG ; Bok Yun HAN ; Sang In KIM ; Young Chul OH ; Bum Ryoul CHOI ; Ki Hong KIM ; Noel R WEBSTER ; Luke S CHUNG ; James J JAMES
Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion 1991;2(1):43-49
No abstract available.
Erythrocytes*