No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant*

Total hip replacement arthroplasty ( THA ) is a useful treatment method in the patients with avascular necrosis ( AVN ) or degenerative arthritis ( DA ) to relieve pain and recovery of function. Beside pain relief , patients want improvement in gait pattern , which is related with Jeg length discrepancy, range of motion, and muscle power. It could be difficult to analyse the cause of limp accuratelv by the clini-cal observation. Therefore gait analysis will he a good tool for the identification of the factors related to the recovery of patients after the operation. This study was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the gait characteristics of 16 patients with unilateral hip disease treated with THA. We compared the outcome of qualitative and quantitative analysis of gait and also compared with those of 14 healthy person. The results were as followed : 1. The patients showed short single support time on their painful limb prior to THA , but postoperatively , it was increased to near normal (p<0.05). 2. Preoperatively, the range of hip flexion of the sound side was increased more than those of the normal control and the painful limh. After the THA, it returned to the near normal (p<0.05~). The hip extension of the painful limh uas increased postoperatively (P<0.05) but still it was lower than normai subject. The hip ahduction and internal roiation of sound side was also increased to near normal after THA. In conclusion, great improvement ot the gait characteristics in patients with hip disease after THA was found and this gait improvement can he analyzed quantitatively hy gait analysis.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Extremities ; Gait* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Osteoarthritis ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Recovery of Function

BACKGROUND: The utilization of botulinum toxin has rapidly expanded into various aesthetic applications. Achieving success with the aesthetic use of neurotoxins depends on several factors, including an understanding of the anatomy, the methods of dilution and the injection technique. Any guidelines representing a consensus for aesthetic treatments using botulinum toxin type A (BTA) have not been published in Korea. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to provide consensus recommendations on the treatment of facial wrinkles and benign masseter hypertrophy using BTA in Korean patients. METHODS: A panel of experienced Korean dermatologists was convened to develop a clinical consensus. The clinical consensus was comprised of the recommendations of the panel and the guidelines on general issues, such as the reconstitution and handling of the BTA, the procedural considerations, the dosing and injection-site standardizations, and the prevention and treatment of unwanted effects. Specific recommendations were provided according to the area of treatment, including glabellar lines, horizontal forehead lines, lateral periorbital wrinkles and benign masseter hypertrophy. RESULTS: The recommended final concentration of BTA was 50 units/ml (5 units/0.1 ml) after reconstitution with physiologic saline. For glabellar lines, the members recommend three injection points (a total of 8 units). For forehead wrinkles, the members recommend nine injections in two rows into the frontalis with 1 unit/point. For crow's feet, the members recommend three injections per side (7 units/side) at the lateral part of the orbicularis oculi. For benign masseter hypertrophy, three injections per side (24~30 units/side) were recommended. CONCLUSION: These consensus recommendations will provide a framework for Korean dermatologists who wish to perform safe and efficacious injection of BTA for facial rejuvenation.
Botulinum Toxins ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Consensus ; Foot ; Forehead ; Handling (Psychology) ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Korea ; Neurotoxins ; Rejuvenation

BACKGROUND: Medical skin care is essential for the treatment of skin diseases all over the world. Medical skin care is also part of medical practice and this must be differentiated from the simple skin care that is given for normal healthy skin. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to discuss medical skin care and the related medical devices and legal issues. METHODS: We reviewed the related laws and regulations, we consulted experts and associations and we analyzed the result of the survey. RESULTS: Legally, medical skin care and simple skin care are well classified. However, many illegal procedures are still performed by non-medical personnel and many adverse effects have been reported as a result. Furthermore, there are no legal restrictions for the performer based on the grade of each medical skin care procedure. CONCLUSION: For the best results and safe procedures, medical skin care must be performed by approved medical equipment under the supervision of a physician or medical personnel. Continuous control and guidance by the government is strongly needed.
Jurisprudence ; Organization and Administration ; Skin ; Skin Care ; Skin Diseases ; Social Control, Formal