No Abstract Available.
Blepharoptosis* ; Silicones*

BACKGROUND:Metronome guidance is a feasible and effective feedback technique to improve the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The rate of the metronome should be set between 100 to 120 ticks/minute and the speed of ventilation may have crucial effect on the quality of ventilation. We compared three different metronome rates (100, 110, 120 ticks/minute) to investigate its effect on the quality of ventilation during metronome-guided 30:2 CPR. METHODS:This is a prospective, randomized, crossover observational study using a RespiTrainer?r. To simulate 30 chest compressions, one investigator counted from 1 to 30 in cadence with the metronome rate (1 count for every 1 tick), and the participant performed 2 consecutive ventilations immediately following the counting of 30. Thirty physicians performed 5 sets of 2 consecutive (total 10) bag-mask ventilations for each metronome rate. Participants were instructed to squeeze the bag over 2 ticks (1.0 to 1.2 seconds depending on the rate of metronome) and deflate the bag over 2 ticks. The sequence of three different metronome rates was randomized. RESULTS:Mean tidal volume significantly decreased as the metronome rate was increased from 110 ticks/minute to 120 ticks/minute (343±84 mL vs. 294±90 mL, P=0.004). Peak airway pressure significantly increased as metronome rate increased from 100 ticks/minute to 110 ticks/minute (18.7 vs. 21.6 mmHg, P=0.006). CONCLUSION:In metronome-guided 30:2 CPR, a higher metronome rate may adversely affect the quality of bag-mask ventilations. In cases of cardiac arrest where adequate ventilation support is necessary, 100 ticks/minute may be better than 110 or 120 ticks/minute to deliver adequate tidal volume during audio tone guided 30:2 CPR.

INTRODUCTION: In traditional society, the roles of housewives were to do housework, to look after her children and to give her family emotional stability. With rapid social and economic change, the traditional sense of value changes and the concepts of sexual roles, too. However, they are in a transition period yet. These discord and tension followed by role change appeared as the form of psychological instability or social pathological problem in modern family. Thus, this study aimed to avaluate the effect of employment on depression of housewives who play importent roles in family and their commumity. METHODS: From May to July 1996, the questonnaires were distributed to 179 housewives who have university education background(including community college), and have one or more children and live in Bundang-Ku of Sungnam city, making a distinction between working housewives and nonworking housewives. Regarding the subjects of this study, the non-working housewives are restricted to full-time housewives who have no job, and working housewives who have full-time job. As tools of measurement, we used BDI questionnaires consisted of 15 items in Korean. We performed statistical analysis among the data by means of SPSS/PC+. We analyzed statistical data for significance using one-way ANOVA and analyzed categorical data for significance using S-test. RESULTS: The average score on BDI for working housewives was 12.22(standard deviation 7.42) and this is rather higher than that of non-working housewives(10.80, standard deviation : 7.42). But the number of children increased, the BDI score were higher significantly in both groups. And the BDI score was high in working Housewives groups whose husbands had professional job or dommerce job, whose family system is a multi-generation family, and who feel a lot of fatigue after work. In case of non-working housewives, the BDI score was high with age(especially between 50-59), duration of marriage, lower income and Duvalls family life cycle 6, 7. CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in depression tendency between working housewives and nonworking housewives. But in case of working housewives, some factors have influence on their depression tendency, the number of children, husbands job, family type, degree of fatigue after work. And in case of non-working housewives, the factors are the number of children, age, duration of marriage, income, family life cycle.
Child ; Depression* ; Education ; Employment ; Fatigue ; Gyeonggi-do ; Housekeeping ; Humans ; Marriage ; Seoul* ; Spouses ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTS: Event related potential(ERF) has been recently applied to examine the neurophysiological disturbance in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), particularly with regard to N100 and P300 which are known as one of ERP components closely linked with cognitive function. On the basis of these aspects, this study was designed to evaluate electrophysiologic characteristics and its availability for diagnosis and treatment of ADHD children by comparison of ERP between normal controls and ADHD children before and after methylphenidate (MFD) administration. METHODS: We examined the topographic auditory ERF and T.O.V.A.(Test of variables of attention), a standardized computerized visual continuous performance test following administration of stimulant drug, MPD 10mg in 13 ADHD children and compared these results with those of 11 normal controls. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) Thought the difference was not spastically significant(P=0.0548), N100 latencies seemed to be longer in ADHD children than in normal controls. N100 amplitudes also seemed to be larger in ADHD children than in normal controls(P=0.0629). 2) The F300 latencies significantly shortened after MFD administration when compared with those before MPD administration in ADHD group(P<0.01). 3) ADHD group performed significantly less well than normal controls in T.O.V.A.(P<0.05). And T.O.V.A. scores significantly improved after MFD administration in ADHD group(P<0.01). 4) The N100 and P300 latencies and the T.O.V.A. scores were significantly correlated before MPD administration in ADHD group(P<0.05). 5) The F300 latencies before MFD administration were significantly correlated with the amplitudes of changes of T.O.V.A. scores after MFD administration(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It seems that prolonged N100 latency of ADHD children can be regarded as a relatively enduring trait marker and that F300 latency may reflect attentional response ability along with therapeutic effect by stimulant.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Evoked Potentials* ; Humans ; Methylphenidate* ; Muscle Spasticity

Polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized by symptoms of oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, hirsutism and obesity. It is known that the women with such diseases would have higher risks to coronary heart diseases, hypertension, DM and endometrial cancer later on, Known risk factors of endometrial cancer are nullipara, late menopause, obesity, DM, unopposed estrogen, tamoxifen treatment, and atypical endometrial hyperplasia ect. 75% of endometrial cancer occurs in age over 50 and 4% of endometrial cancer occurs in age under 40. Particulary endometrial cancer concurrent polycystic ovary syndrome occurs usually in people under age 40 and is commonly well differentiated cell type and is related to good prognosis. We experienced a case of endometrial cancer with polycystic ovary syndrome, who was early dignosed, presented with infertility and got an operation in our hospital, and report this case with a brief review of literature.
Amenorrhea ; Coronary Disease ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Hirsutism ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infertility ; Menopause ; Obesity ; Oligomenorrhea ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Tamoxifen

Calcium-binding proteins play an important role in the protection, differentiation, and reorganization of the central nervous system. The effects of neonatal retinal deafferentiation on calretinin, and tracing of retinotectal pathway were examined immunohistochemically in the superficial layer of the rat superior colliculus. Tracing with cholera toxin was revealed on the superior colliculus contralateral to the ocular injection. On the contralateral side of superior colliculus, the calretinin-immunoreactive (IR) cells were dramatically increased, calretinin-IR fibers were markedly decreased in the superficial layer. These results show that retinal deafferentation results in an increase of calretinin-immunoreactive cells within the superficial layers of the superior colliculus, which suggest reorganization of neurons in superior colliculus.
Animals ; Calbindin 2 ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Central Nervous System ; Cholera Toxin ; Eye Enucleation* ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Retinaldehyde ; Superior Colliculi

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The transradial approach for coronary intervention has a lower incidence of access site complications and can increase patient comfort after percutaneus tansluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA). The purpose of this study is to compare procedural success and complication rates of percutaneous transradial coronary stenting which was performed by four operators in two hospitals with those using transfemoral approach. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From September 1998 to July 1999, one hundred seventy five consecutive patients(201 lesions) treated with coronary stent implantation were enrolled for this study : 84 patients underwent transradial coronary stenting(Radial Group), and 91 patients transfemoral coronary stenting(Femoral Group). RESULTS: Seven patients who failed coronary cannulation via radial artery were crossed over to the Femoral Group. The measurements of the radial artery were not done. Patient demographics were similar in both groups. Procedural success was similar in both group(95.2% in Radial Group vs. 97.8% in Femoral Group, p=S). All transradial coronary stenting were possible using conventional guiding catheters which are used in transfemoral intervention. Local vascular complication rates showed a trend toward a reduction in the Radial Group(2.4% vs. 8.8%, p=.06). CONCLUSION: This study showed the similarity in the safety and efficacy of transradial coronary stenting compared to those of transfemoral approach.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Demography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Radial Artery ; Stents*

PURPOSE: Severe abdominal pain and signs of peritoneal irritation in some patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) can mimic an acute surgical disease of the abdomen. We performed this study to analyze the clinical features and the laboratory and radiographic findings of HFRS patients who had acute abdominal pain upon visiting the emergency department (ED). METHODS: The electronic medical records were retrospectively investigated during a 3 year period between January 2006 and December 2008. RESULTS: Among the 44 patients with HFRS at the ED, 21 patients (47.7%) complained of acute abdominal pain. On physical examination, three patients (14.3%) had rebound tenderness. The most common laboratory findings were thrombocytopenia, azotemia and proteinuria. Ascites, pericholecystic fluid collection, peri-renal fluid collection and pleural effusion were the major findings of abdominal computed tomography. CONCLUSION: Acute abdominal pain can be a presenting symptom of HFRS at the ED. In an endemic area, HFRS should be suspected in young patients who have acute abdominal pain, fever (or history of fever), tenderness (and rebound tenderness) of the abdomen, thrombocytopenia and proteinuria. Failure to recognize HFRS might delay the appropriate diagnostic approach and treatment.
Abdomen ; Abdomen, Acute ; Abdominal Pain ; Ascites ; Azotemia ; Electronic Health Records ; Emergencies ; Fever ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Humans ; Hydrazines ; Military Personnel ; Physical Examination ; Pleural Effusion ; Proteinuria ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombocytopenia

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) occasionally fails due to surgically altered anatomy, difficult cannulation, or poor general condition. This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic papillary balloon dilatation (PTPBD) for managing extrahepatic bile duct stones. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2010, 17 out of 509 patients with extrahepatic bile duct stones and acute cholangitis were enrolled retrospectively. After PTPBD of the sphincter, the stones were extracted using an occlusion balloon to push the stone over a guidewire into the duodenum. The procedure success was evaluated based on residual stones. In addition, the size and number of stones and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 17 patients, nine had a previous gastrectomy, four had poor general condition, and four had unsuccessful cannulation. The stone diameter ranged from 8 to 25 mm. Seven, five, and five patients had one, two, or three or more stones, respectively. The results were successful in 16 out of 17 patients, with no residual stones. Treatment failed in one patient, who was then treated with the rendezvous technique with endoscopy. No procedure-related major complication occurred. Three patients had mild transient elevations of the serum amylase levels. CONCLUSIONS: PTPBD was safe and effective for managing extrahepatic bile duct stones in patients with unsuccessful or contraindicated ERCP.
Amylases ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Catheterization ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangitis ; Choledocholithiasis ; Dilatation ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Angioleiomyoma, a vascular leiomyoma, is a rare, benign smooth-muscle tumor that originates in the tunica media of vessels. It occurs anywhere in the body, most frequently in the lower extremities. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 16 patients who were treated for angioleiomyoma between 2000 and 2012. The clinical features of angioleiomyoma and the correlation between symptoms and pathological subtypes were investigated. RESULTS: There were 9 males and 6 females. Ages of the patients ranged from 21 to 61. Pain was the primary symptom in 44% of the patients. Tumors were smaller than 2.0 cm in all dimensions and were located in the face in 4 patients, whereas 5 lesions occurred in the upper extremities and the remaining 7 in the lower extremities. Three histologic subtypes were identified: solid, venous, and cavernous. The subtypes did not correlate with the clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Angioleiomyoma appears to be a rare tumor that occurs in the face and the extremities. The tumor usually occurs in middle age. A differential diagnosis of this tumor is difficult, but the tumor should be considered in the diagnosis of painful subcutaneous masses. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful in the diagnosis of angioleiomyoma. These tumors can be successfully treated with simple excision, with a low recurrence rate.
Angiomyoma* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Leiomyomatosis ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medical Records ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Tunica Media ; Ultrasonography ; Upper Extremity