Clinical survey was performed on 413 cases of twin pregnancies and their 816 twin babies who were born at IlSin Christian Hospital during 5years from January 1987 to December 1991. The result of study was as follows: 1) there was 413 twin pregnancies among 40,711 deliveries, so the incidence of twins was 1:98.6. Average male-female sex ratio of twins was 1.3:1, same sex pairs rate was 86% and different sex ratio was 14%. 2) The incidence of relation with maternal age was highest between 25 years old and 29 years old but the ratio of twin delivery to total delivery was 0.9% so, was not higher than other age group. 3) The incidence of relation with maternal parity was highest at first pregnancy but the ratio of twin delivery to total delivery was highest at second pregnancies. 4) Normal birth weight infants were 45.7%, low birth weight infants were 54.3% and very low birth weight infants was 9.3%. Fullt-erm infants were 63.7% and prematurity were 35.4%. 5) The incidence of feto-fetal transfusion was 7.3%. 6) Perinatal death rate was 76.3 and was more higher in second babies. The most common cause of perinatal death was prematurity, followed by respiratory complication, congenital anomaly, infection and asphyxia. Still-births were 8 cases.
Adult ; Asphyxia ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Maternal Age ; Mortality ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Sex Ratio ; Twins*

BACKGROUND: As undergoing general anesthesia for Cesarean Section, we usually maintain a light anesthesia until delivery. It provokes the high incidence of waketulness for the mothers. We surveyed the incidence of maternal wakefulness when thiopental was used as an induction agent. METHODS: Forty pregnant women (ASA class I or II) at term who underwent general anesthesia and cesarean section received thiopental, 4mg/kg. As the 'isolated forearm technique', a pressure cuff was inflated to isolate one arm from the the effects of succinylcholine so that wakefulness during anesthesia could be assessed by asking the patient to move her hand. To assess wakefulness,the patient was commanded to squeeze the investigator's hand a specified number of times. If the patient promptly squeezed the investigator's hand the appropriate number of times, the command was repeated but a different number of times specified. Only if the patient responded correctly both times, then we noted as a positive response. This test was repeated at 1 minute intervals beginning 1 minute after thiopental injection through the delivery. RESULTS: Five of the forty patients (12.5%) showed wakefulness. Twenty nine of the forty patients showed 'reaching movements'. One patient showed both wakefulness and 'reaching movements'. CONCLUSIONS: When we undergo general anesthesia for Cesarean Section, especially using thiopental as an induction agent, we should consider the maternal wakefulness seriously.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Obstetrical ; Arm ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Forearm* ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Wakefulness*

The National Institute of Health(NIH) under the Ministry of Health and Welfare of the Korean Government was established in 1963 integrating four institutes; National Institute of Health National Chemical Laboratories National Laboratory of Herb Medicine and National Institute of Public Health Training The root however goes down to the Bacteriology Laboratory opened in 1912 with the function for microbiological testing and pox vaccine development which was absorbed into the former National Institute of Health in 1948 when the government of the Republic of Korea was inaugurated. The Institute opened a satellite office the Masan Branch in 1977 and was further expanded adding the Divisions of AIDS and Biotechnology in 1988. In 1996 as a part of restructuring the Government organizations Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA) was founded by expanding the Toxicology Research Institute to which all the functions of testing and certifying foods and drugs were transferred Simultaneously a new department the Department of Biomedical science was organized which currently consists of five divisions; the Divisions of Cancer Research Degenerative Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Metabolic Diseases and Genetic Diseases. In 1999 in order to provide a rapid and effective disease control the Department of Communicable Diseases was newly founded merging the Division of Disease Control and Prevention from the Ministry of Health and Welfare. With these steady and significant changes the NIH together with the training of health manpower has become the national organization for research prevention and control of various diseases of public health importance in Korea.
Academies and Institutes/*history ; English Abstract ; Government Agencies/*history ; History of Medicine, 20th Cent. ; History of Medicine, 21st Cent. ; Korea ; Public Health Administration/*history ; Research/*history

Flavimonas oryzihabitans is a gram-negative, glucose non-fermentative bacillus, and is rarely reported as a pathogen in human. In recent years, reports of infection due to F. oryzihabitans, especially in immunocompromised patients with indwelling catheter or peritoneal Tenckhoff catheter have increased. We report two cases of F. oryzihabitans peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
Bacillus ; Catheters ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Glucose ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis* ; Pseudomonas*

No abstract available.
Cartilage* ; Rabbits* ; Ribs*

It is well-known that early diagnosis and treatment is still the most important aspect of congenital dislocation of the hip. However, the orthopaedist can not see the cbildren with dislocated hip before they begin to Walk, especially in the developing countries. When the children with dislocated hips are discovered lately,it is impossible to reduce the hip by simple manipulation, and also is very difficult to maintain the reduction successfully. Our method of treatment was based on the concept that the various components of the abnormal joint will develop satisfactorily into a normal hip provided acccurate congrucus and concentric reduction is obtained as early as possible to take advantage of the maximum growth potential, and is maintained throughout growth, In this study 16 children with 18 dislocated hips among the 75 children with congenitally dislocated hips were primarily treated by open reduction,followed by 3 weeks of temporary fixation of reduced hip by Kirschner wire and 6 weeks of cast immobilization from November 1973 to April 1979. They were clinically and roentgenologically analized. The end results of treatment were assessed by 3 roent- genological determinants; the medial joint space, the acetabular angle and the centeredge angle. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The pathologically widened medial joint space of hip or hips decreased rapidly during first 6 months after reduction, irrespective of the age at reduction, and satisfactory results were obtained in 83 per cent indicated by joint space distance less than 10 mm. 2. Postoperative Kirschner wire fixation of reduced hip to maintain the reduced position did not impair the physeal growth or bring the joint stiffness. 3. The acetabular angle improved rapidly during the first year after reduction in all age groups of patients and thereafter the rate of acetabular development decreased, but the acetabular angle continued to improve throughout the period of observation and satisfactorily (less than 25 degrees) developed in 83 per cent of children. 4. The center-edge angle increased rapidly during first three months after reduction and was satisfactory (more than 20 degrees) in 78 per cent. Overall success rate of treatment was 81.3 per cent. 5. Assessment of end results by medial joint space has more advantages in evaluating the result of treatment because of the aimplicity of it's measurement and leas error regardless of the change of patients position on roentgenagrams. 6. There were only few complications (11.1%) after surgical treatment; coxa magna in a case and resubluxation in another case were complicated. 7. Parameters utilized for assessing the results were faund to be the very helpful criteria to evaluate the hip development indicated by cephalocotyloid relation when used together. 8. Simultaneous open reduction followed by temporary internal fixation with K-wire was found to be recommendable method of treatment ae a first choice of treatment even in children under age of 3 if once nonsurgical reduction fails; because by this type of treatment more easily and accurately concentric reductions were obtained, and also reduction was more easily maintained without subsequeat redislocation.
Acetabulum ; Child ; Developing Countries ; Dislocations ; Early Diagnosis ; Hip ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Methods

The principal cause of avulsion fracture of anterior superior iliac spine is sudden powerful contraction of sartorius muscle in strenuous sporting activities. The condition usually occurs in young people in whom the apophysis has still not firmly united to the ilium. We presented the three cases of avulsion fracture of anterior superior iliac spine which occurred during sprinting in Physical Fitness Test.
Ilium ; Physical Fitness ; Spine ; Sports

Authors presented the gratifying result of treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with overlying skin defect and/or poor skin condition, which developed the wide skin necrosis after saucerization and resulted the second skin graft necessary. Five cases were treated by primary extensive saucerization of tibia which left a cavity with bleeding walls. The exposed bony surface with bleeding walls was covered by delayed free skin graft when the good granulation covered the bony surface. Through this experience, delayed free skin graft is justified the best procedure in these cases to cover the post-surgical raw bone surface and to have primary healing of the bone infection. A method of hemicylindrical pedunculated skin graft to obliterate the deeply excavated surgical bony defect is introduced.
Hemorrhage ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Osteomyelitis ; Skin ; Tibia ; Transplants

After Kilian first described apondylolisthesis in 1854, there has been diverse opinions over the surgical treatment of the spondylolisthesis: in situ fusion vs. reduction and fusion, PLIF vs. PLF, and instrumentation vs. non-instrumentation. The advantages of the instrumentation are rigid fixation, better union rate of grafted bone and early rehabilitation after surgery. The disadvantages are long operation time and increased chance of the wound infection. The purpose of this retrospective study is to review the clinical results and fusion rate of 41 patients who were treated with decompression and posterolateral fusion in situ with autograft with or without instrumentation from January 1986 to June 1992. 1. Among 41 patients, 20 patients were degenerative type and 21 were isthmic type, and most commonly involved level was L4-5(46.4%). 2. Fusion was obtained in all patients. 3. Clinically 11 of 15 patients(73.4%) showed excellent or good results in instrumentation group, and 19 of 26 patients(73.0%) showed excellent or good results in non-instrumentation group. 4. Postoperative complications developed in two cases(13.3%) with instrumentation and five cases(19.2%) without instrumentation. Comparing with the non-instrumentation, we could not find great advantage of the instrumentation on the clinical results or union rate, although instrumentation showed a little better result.
Autografts ; Decompression ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Spondylolisthesis ; Transplants ; Wound Infection

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn