Bronchogenic cyst is relatively uncommon disease in clinical practice, 15 cases of bronchogenic cyst wereobtained and X-ray findings were analized retrospectively. The results are as follows: 1. 5 patients were symptomfree (30%) and common symptoms and signs were hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain in order of frequency. 2. 9 patientswere female and 6 patients were male. The most common age group was 21 years old to 30 years old(40%) and the nexcomon age group was 31 years old to 40 years old (20%) 3. 9 cases of intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst and 6 casesof mediastinal bronchogenic cyst were obtained. 4. The average size of bronchogenic cyst was about 8x7x6cm. 5. Thecommon location of intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst was lower lobe (56%) and common x-ray findings was thin walledcyst with air fluid level(78%). 6. Bronchography was performed in 3 cases of intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst andonly one case demonstrated comunication with bronchus. 7. All 6 cases of mediastinal bronchogenic cyst showed wellmarginated soft tissue mass density. 3 cases were performed CT scanning and average precontrast Hounsfield numberwas 51 unit. No case showed contrast enhancement.
Bronchi ; Bronchogenic Cyst ; Bronchography ; Chest Pain ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic*

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to develop an educational program reflecting the educational needs of Hospice Smart Patient service providers. METHOD: The description, goal, curriculum, method, and process evaluation of the educational program were constructed based on Modified Tyler-type Ends-Means Model followed by the analysis of current curriculum and needs of service providers. RESULTS: The curriculum was constructed based on hospice volunteer program currently offered in Korea and the recommendations of hospice service volunteers and experts. A total of 90 hr was required to complete the curriculum that was composed of 'Introduction to cancer', 'Treatment and treatment complications of cancer', 'Post-treatment nutritional care', 'Helpful information', 'Introduction to hospice and palliative care', 'Comprehension of life and death', 'Holistic hospice and palliative care', 'How to communicate as a smart patient', 'Hospice and ethics', 'Pediatric hospice', 'Bereavement management', and 'Clinical practicum'. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to implement the developed educational program and evaluate its effectiveness, as well as making the service available to a greater number of cancer patients.
Curriculum ; Health Personnel ; Hospices ; Humans ; Korea ; Palliative Care

PURPOSE: To determine the correlation between obstructive coronary artery disease and electron beamtomography coronary artery calcium(EBT CAC) scan and to measure the difference in calcium score according tosymptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients underwent EBT CAC scanning and either coronary angiography orstress thallium 201 scanning or the treadmill test. When the results were positive, coronary artery obstructivedisease(CAOD) was assumed to be present. The patients were divided into three groups : symptomatic CAOD,asymptomatic CAOD, and asymptomatic non- CAOD; those with a previous history of myocardial ischemia or who showedpositive results in any of the three tests relating to typical symptoms of angina were assigned to the symptomaticgroup. RESULTS: The number of cases assigned to group to group 1,2 and 3 was 19, 16 and 21, respectively; totalCAC scores were 571+/-751, 600+/-726 293+/-401, respectively. The difference in CAC score between asymptomatic CAODand asymptomatic non- CAOD was not statistically significant(p=0.079) but in asymptomatic CAOD, the score tendedto be higher. The CAC score was not different between symptomatic and asymptomatic CAOD(p>0.1). When the CACthreshold was 1, sensitivity was 89% and specificity was 14%;when the threshold was 200, sensitivity was 60% andspecificity was 67%. CONCLUSION: When the EBT CAC score is high, further evaluation provides early evidence ofcoronary artery obstructive disease.
Arteries ; Calcium ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thallium ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

BACKGROUND: Childhood vitiligo is a distinct subset of vitiligo and somewhat different from adulthood vitiligo. However, there are a few published studies that have investigated the clinical aspects of childhood vitiligo in Korea. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical aspects of childhood vitiligo in Korea. METHODS: This clinical investigation was made on 134 outpatients with childhood vitiligo who had visited Department of Dermatology, Our Lady of Mercy Hospital, from January 1992 to December 1999. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows; 1. Male to female ratio was approximately 1: 1. The mean ages of onset and first visiting were 5 and 6.7 years respectively, and the mean duration of disease was 1.7 years. 2. Only seven patients had vitiligo and one patient had premature graying of hairs among their parents and siblings. 3. There was no known precipitating factor in most cases(93.3%) except in 9 patients. 4. The associated skin diseases were atopic dermatitis(20.9%), poliosis(6.0%), alopecia areata(1.5%), halo nevus(1.5%), and so on. 5. The most common clinical type was localized(51.5%), and then generalized(26.1%), segmental (20.9%), and acrofacial(1.5%) in decreasing order. 6. The sites of frequent involvement were head and neck(56.7%), trunk(42.5%), upper extremity(17.2%), and lower extremity(17.9%). 7. The average 4% of body surface area was involved. During recent 3 months the lesions increased in number and size in 66 patients(49.3%), whereas the lesions were stable in 57 patients(42.5%). 8. The most common clinical differential diagnosis of childhood vitiligo is nevus depigmentosus in 47 patients(35.1%). 9. Twenty-seven patients had past history of previous treatment including topical application of steroid and topical PUVA. CONCLUSION: Based on these clinical findings, childhood vitiligo seems different from adult vitiligo clinically.
Adult ; Alopecia ; Body Surface Area ; Dermatology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hair ; Head ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nevus ; Outpatients ; Parents ; Precipitating Factors ; Siblings ; Skin Diseases ; Vitiligo*

PURPOSE: Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is one of the most common and benign focal epilepsy syndromes during childhood. In this study, we analyzed the clinical features and electroencephalogram (EEG) of BECT patients to determine if there were any predictive factors for seizures or abnormal EEG findings lasting longer than the average. METHODS: We studied 49 patients who were diagnosed with BECTS at the Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital and were 18 years of age or older at the time of the study. Differences in clinical course according to EEG features, treatment duration, abnormal EEG duration, seizure development period, and time to achieving the first normal EEG were analyzed. RESULTS: Average onset age was 8.3±1.9 years and follow-up duration was 4.2±2.4 years. The average seizure-free age was 9.5±2.0 years, and abnormal EEG-free age was 11.6±2.1 years. Younger-onset patients had a longer duration of medication (P=0.04). Patients who needed shorter time to achieving the first normal EEG had a shorter seizure development period (P=0.02). Patients who did not show typical EEG findings consistent with BECTS had a significantly longer duration of medication (P<0.01) and seizure development period (P=0.02), and abnormal EEG duration (P= 0.01). The ratio of abnormal findings in the first three EEGs was significantly correlated with the seizure development period, abnormal EEG duration, and duration of medication (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Although BECTS is known to take a benign course, the actual clinical course varied from patient to patient, and these variations may be predicted by analyzing clinical factors or EEGs.
Age of Onset ; Child* ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Partial ; Epilepsy* ; Epilepsy, Rolandic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Pediatrics ; Seizures

PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of indirect medical oversight on the quality of prehospital emergency care by emergency medical technicians. METHODS: Indirect medical oversight was applied for a year and 119 rescue run sheets were retrospectively analyzed before and after the program to study the effect of an indirect medical oversight program in one city. The general characteristics of patients who visited hospitals before and after the program were analyzed, along with patient evaluation records, personal data, outbreak patterns, transfer information, direct medical oversight, and emergency medical services (EMS) mobilization reports. In addition, by comparing medical records and the 119 rescue run sheets, changes in the accuracy of 119 rescue run reports, the adequacy of patient classification, and the adequacy of medical direction were analyzed. After gathering these data, statistical analysis was performed and the level of significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: After executing the indirect medical oversight, there was significant improvement in the accuracy of 119 rescue run sheets (p<0.001) and in the consistency of severity classification in 119 rescue run sheets compared with medical records (p=0.016). The adequacy of direct medical oversight request also showed improvement after the indirect medical oversight took effect (p<0.001). However, there was no statistical significance in prehospital procedures. CONCLUSION: Indirect medical oversight significantly improved the quality of emergency medical service by emergency medical technicians. However, the further application and improvement of indirect medical oversight programs are required for the development of prehospital emergency medical care.
Classification ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services* ; Emergency Medical Technicians* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic usefulness of MRI in pulmonary hamartoma, and the significant MRI features other than fat or characteristic calcification, both revealed by CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied chest MR images in five patients with pulmonary hamartoma. All underwent narrow-collimated CT scanning and conventional MRI, specimen MRI was available in three cases. Pulmonary nodular size, shape and margin and the presence of intratumoral fat density, calcification and a cleft-like structure were determined. At MRI, the presence and signal intensity (SI) of the cleft-like structure, including intratumoral cystic space and SI of the main portion of the tumor, were analyzed and compared with the findings of specimen MRI, and correlated with the histopathologic findings. In three cases, the typical enhancement pattern revealed by post-contrast MRI was also evaluated. RESULTS: Narrow-collimated CT scanning revealed fat density or popcorn-shape calcification in two cases and a cleft-like structure in one. The other two cases showed neither fat nor calcification. At MRI, however, all five cases showed a cleft-like structure, which was especially evident on T2WI. The detectability of this did not vary between conventional and specimen MRI. The cleft-like structure showed varying SI on T1, and T2WI correlated to variable mesenchymal component including with respiratory epithelial cells lining the cleft. Marginal rim enhancement was noted on all three post-contrast MR images, and correlated with the relatively rich vascularity of the tumor's marginal portion. An enhanced cleft-like structure was noted in two cases. CONCLUSION: The presence of a cleft-like structure, especially prominent on T2WI and with variable SI, is a useful MR finding for the diagnosis of pulmonary hamartoma, and marginal rim enhancement is an ancillary diagnostic MR finding. In particular, MRI is a useful diagnostic tool in cases where a simple pulmonary nodule demonstrates neither fat nor calcification.
Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prospective Studies ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Recent increase in the incidence of lung cancer often makes it difficult to differentiate between lung cancer and tuberculosis (TB), due to their radiologic similarities. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been widely employed for the diagnosis of lung cancer and TB, but the diagnostic accuracy of TB is not high enough. As a rapid screening test for tuberculosis, we evaluated serological tests using Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPD and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigens. A total of 95 patients with indication of FNAB cytology from initial CT findings were enrolled. 25 patients had TB, 76 thoracic malignancy, and six (7.9%) of the lung cancer patients also had TB, indicating much higher prevalence of TB in thoracic tumor patients. Antibodies to PPD were elevated in 18 (72.0%) of 25 TB patients and in 22 (31.4%) of 70 patients with thoracic malignancy. In contrast, only 3 (4.7%) of 64 healthy controls aged 40 or above were seropositive to PPD antigen. The prevalence of anti-PPD antibodies in thoracic tumor patients was therefore significantly greater than that amongst the healthy controls (p 0.001, chi-square test). However, no significant difference in the prevalence of anti-LAM antibodies was found between study subjects and controls. This study demonstrates that thoracic tumor patients have significantly elevated antibodies to PPD; therefore, high anti-PPD seroreactivity in thoracic tumor patients should be cautiously interpreted. A longitudinal investigation on seropositive thoracic tumor patients is required to determine the role of the serological test for TB in lung cancer patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis ; Biopsy, Needle ; Female ; Human ; Lipopolysaccharides/*immunology ; Lung Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis/*microbiology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*immunology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Tuberculin/*immunology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications/diagnosis