No abstract available.
Humans ; Hypocalcemia* ; Infant*

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is believed to be pivotal hormone in hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis and the hypothalamus is believed as the exclusive organ producing GnRH and pituitary is for GnRH re ceptor until recently. Some reported the exptra-hypothalamic GnRH or extra-pituitary GnRH receptors from decades ago. The aims of this study are to confirm the existence of the GnRH receptor in bladder epithelial cancer cell, HT-1197 and HT-1376, and evaluated the possible role of the GnRH on cell cycle. The GnRH and GnRH receptor were detected by immunohistochemical staining and the effect of GnRH on cell cycle change in both cell line were studied by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). The control cells were cultured at media supplemented with normal serum, and experimental group were cultured at media supplemented with charcoal stripped serum (CSS) which excluding peptide hormones except exogenous GnRH with different concentration. The GnRHs and GnRH receptors were detected at both cell lines and the cell cycle analysis showed that there were little difference in proportion of cell cycle among examined 10,000 cells in both cell lines, neither control nor experimental groups. This study shows that the GnRHs and GnRH receptors exist in bladder cancer cells and GnRH did not influence on the cell cycle progression. With this study, we suppose that the bladder cancer cells produce the GnRH and GnRH receptors and the role of the GnRF produced from the bladder cancer cells might be the autocrine rather than endo-or paracrine factor.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Line ; Charcoal ; Fluorescence ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins* ; Gonads ; Hypothalamus ; Peptide Hormones ; Receptors, LHRH ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Leukemia* ; Skin*

One case of Rt. lacrimal gland mixed tumor is reported. The patient is a 26 years sold Korean male with right exophthalmos which growth slowly for 4 years. Pneumogaphy was done preoperalively and x-ray findings revealed that large tumor in the superior wall of the orbit, ladmaI gland tumor. In this case, pathologic findings were mixed tumor of lacrimal gland with no evidence of malignaney. Superior lateral approch was performed, without any complication. The vision was inproved and cosmetic result was satisfactory.
Exophthalmos ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Male ; Orbit

BACKGROUND: The purpose is to determine the efficacy of additional intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) by comparing the analgesic effects between interscalene block (ISB) combined with IV-PCA and single ISB after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. METHODS: A total of 213 patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery were divided into two groups based on the type of perioperative anesthesia. The single ISB group included 100 patients, while the IV-PCA group included 113 patients. The visual analogue scale for pain (VAS pain) scores were assessed at 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively in accordance with shoulder pathology. Postoperative narcotics-related complications and consumption of additional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: VAS pain showed no significant difference between the two groups at most points of the postoperative timeline, regardless of shoulder pathology, except in patients with rotator cuff repair at postoperative 24 hours. Although the IV-PCA group showed a statistically lower VAS pain score than the ISB group at postoperative 24 hours (p=0.04), the difference in the VAS pain score was only 9.0 mm in patients with rotator cuff repair. Narcotics-related complications were observed more frequently in the IV-PCA group than in the ISB group for patients with rotator cuff repair. CONCLUSIONS: Additional IV-PCA demonstrated no booster effect for immediate pain control in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery with preoperative single ISB. Furthermore, patients with IV-PCA experienced greater narcotics-related complications.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Anesthesia ; Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Pathology ; Prospective Studies* ; Rotator Cuff ; Shoulder*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of action learning on critical thinking disposition, communicative competence, and problem-solving ability in nursing students. METHODS: The design for this was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for identification of the effects of lessons using action learning. The consenting participants were 184 fourth-year nursing students in D-city (Experimental group=95, Control group=89). Data was collected and the program was conducted from May 2 to July 19, 2015. Data was analyzed with an chi2-test, a t-test, and a paired t-test and utilized the SPSS win 21.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences in critical thinking ability (t=5.00, p<.001), problem-solving ability (t=4.52, p<.001), and communicative competence (t=4.97, p<.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest that action-learning programs have proven to be an effective educational program for improving the critical thinking ability, problem solving ability, and communicative competence of nursing students. Action learning can be an effective teaching strategy.
Humans ; Learning* ; Mental Competency ; Nursing* ; Problem Solving ; Students, Nursing* ; Thinking

PURPOSE: Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma is a rare cutaneous hamartoma consisting of dilated folliculosebaceous units invested in mesenchymal elements. There is no report of folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma case occurred in the eyelid. We report here on this case along with a review of the relevant literature. CASE SUMMARY: 72-year-old female visited for the complaint of a mass in right upper eyelid. The mass was 1.9 × 1.2 cm sized and palpated in the subcutaneous level of right upper eyelid. The mass was not tender and had hardness like rubber. It was covered by skin without adhesion but fixed on the upper tarsal plate. Turning the eyelid inside out, it was found that the upper tarsal plate was penetrated by the mass. There was no specific finding except both cataract by other ophthalmic examination. The paranasal sinus computed tomography finding was well demarcated 0.9 cm sized mass with calcification. The excisional biopsy was performed for diagnosis and treatment. In pathologic finding, various sized normal sebaceous lobules were connected with the dilated follicles through the sebaceous canal and formed infundibular structure. There were sclerosing collagen, adipose cells and vessels between follicles and sebaceous lobules. So it was compatible with folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma. 18 months later, there was no recurrence and wound was clear. CONCLUSIONS: Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma of the eye lid is rare disease, and differential diagnosis is necessary in patient with mass of eyelid.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Cataract ; Collagen ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Hamartoma* ; Hardness ; Humans ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence ; Rubber ; Skin ; Wounds and Injuries

A 55-year-old woman suffered from upper abdominal pain for two months and remained refractile against the anti-ulcer regimen. The palliative gastrectomy specimen revealed multiple shallow ulcerations on the thickened mucosal folds mainly in the antrum and body along the greater curvature where multiple, whitish nodules were found in the submucosa. Microscopically, individual submucosal nodules clearly corresponded to the necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis which were featured with diffuse fibrinoid necrosis of arterial walls accompanying granuloma formation and heavy infiltration of neutrophils, eosinophils, histiocytes and giant cells. Similar vasculitic lesions involved venules and arterioles. There were scattered vasculitic changes in the liver biopsy specimens and omentum. There were no clinical presentations or serological support of systemic involvement including systemic lupus erythematosus, Henoch-Schoenlein purpura, cryoglobulinemia or Churg-Strauss granulomatous vasculitis. We conclude that this is a hitherto undescribed primary necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis predominantly involving the stomach.
Abdominal Pain ; Arterioles ; Biopsy ; Cryoglobulinemia ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Liver ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Omentum ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Stomach* ; Ulcer ; Vasculitis* ; Venules

Transrectal Ultrasonography (TRUS) easily provides an accurate assessment of the seminal tract. In Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) of the seminal tract, the anatomic relationships are more clearly seen and the multiplanar imaging is available, so a more definitive diagnosis can be achieved. Although TRUS and MRI have been studied extensively, the findings of TRUS have not been compared with those of MRI. We studied 29 patients who were assessed with TRUS and MRI simultaneously due to disease of the seminal tract. The findings of cystic disease were coincident between TRUS and MRI. But the small size Mullerian duct cysts were not found in TRUS but were found in MRI. Hemorrhage of the ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle, thickened ampulla portion of vas deferens were found only in MRI. Ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle calcification were not easily found in TRUS due to their small size. The findings of seminal vesicle atrophy, dilatation and prostatic calcification between TRUS and MRI were discrepant. In conclusion, MRI is more helpful than TRUS in the diagnosis of small Mullerian duct cyst, small ejaculatory duct calculi, small seminal vesicle calculi, hemorrhage of ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle and thickened ampulla portion of vas eferens.
Atrophy ; Calculi ; Diagnosis* ; Dilatation ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Seminal Vesicles ; Ultrasonography* ; Vas Deferens

Purpose: To report a case of delayed symptoms after intralenticular dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex ® ; Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA).Case summary: A 65-year-old male was referred for myodesopsia and decreased visual acuity. A dexamethasone implant was located in the crystalline lens, and the lens showed mild nucleus opacity. The patient had been treated with multiple intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and had received an injection of dexamethasone implant about seven weeks before symptom onset. Based on the symptoms, phacoemulsification was performed and an intraocular lens was placed within the capsular bag. After surgery, symptoms improved. One month after surgery, as cystoid macular edema worsened, the patient was treated with an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (MaQaid ® ; Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). After intravitreal injection, cystoid macular edema improved. Conclusions Intralenticular injection of the dexamethasone implant is very rare; however, great care should be taken during the procedure. It should be noted that the onset of symptoms by intralenticular dexamethasone implant may not occur immediately following the procedure. Thus, close follow-up is necessary, with the possibility of surgical intervention depending on visual acuity and underlying complications.