Primary hyperparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disease in children. It involves bone and joint, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system. The main cause of these involvement is high level of PTH in serum, resulting in hypercalcemia.An 11 years old male patient who had complained of limping gait since last 18 months, showed typical laboratory and radiological findings of primary hyperparathyroidism. At the ultrasonography, computed tomography and radionuclide scanning, a well defined mass(10 X 15mm) was found on the posterior aspect of the right thyroid lobe. The mass was confirmed histologically as adenoma of parathyroid gland. The patient was successfully treated with subtotal parathyroidectomy and temporal administration of calcium and vitamin D.We report this case of primary hyperparathyroidism with brief review of the literatures.
Adenoma ; Calcium ; Cardiovascular System ; Child ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Gait ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; Joints ; Male ; Parathyroid Glands ; Parathyroidectomy ; Thyroid Gland ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Tract ; Vitamins

No abstract available.
Digestion* ; Exons* ; Humans* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

Median raphe cyst is known as congenital lesion of the perineum and genitalia, but its etiology is unclear. Most investigators believe that the median raphe cyst represent defects in the embryologic developenient bf the male genitalia. Simple surgical excision is effective in most cases. We report our experience with two cases of median raphe cyst without specific symptoms. Even though median raphe cyst is asymptomatic, surgical therapy is worth applicable because it relieve a patient from cosmetic and psychotic problem.
Genitalia ; Genitalia, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Perineum ; Research Personnel

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The caudal anesthsia is most commonly used for benign anorectal surgery, The combination of long-acting anesthetics and opiates has been used for longer duration and successful control of postoperative pain. But the side effects of peridural anesthesics and morphine have commonly occured in caudal anesthesia. This study was performed to assess the difference in clinical effects between peridural mepivacaine and bupivacaine with morphine. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical effects in 60 patients who had anal operation with Jack-Knife position under caudal anesthesia. We divided randomly these 60 patients into two groups, M and B groups (in each group, 30 patients included). Group M (n=30) was given 2% mepivacaine 20 ml with morphine 2 mg caudally, and Group B (n=30) was given 0.5% bupivacaine 20 ml with morphine 2 mg in the same manner. We measured the onset time, duration, postoperative analgesia, and side effects including urinary retention. RESULTS: The onset time for analgesia was significantly shorter in group M than in group B. The duration of postoperative pain complaints was significantly longer in group M than in group B. The postoperative analgesic effects and side effects were not significantly different between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Caudal mepivacaine and morphine mixture is effective for control of postoperative pain without significant side effects.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Caudal* ; Anesthetics ; Bupivacaine* ; Humans ; Mepivacaine* ; Morphine* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Urinary Retention

No abstract available.
Genetic Loci* ; Loss of Heterozygosity* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

In order to establish the predicted normal values of the systolic time intervals the duration of the systolic time intervals measured from simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiogram, the phonocardiogram and the carotid pulse tracing. The subjects studied were 160 healthy males and 160 females. The mean ages of males and females were 29 and 31 years old, respectively. The transformation period was not closely related to heart rate, and its mean values for males and females were 58 and 56 msec., respectively, and the mean for males and females combined was 57 msec. The remainder of the systolic time intervals, however, showed a significant linear and inverse relation to heart rate. Thus, based upon these data regression equations for the prediction of the normal values of electromechanical systole, left ventricular ejection time, mechinical systole, precjection period andisovolumiccontraction time for males, females, and males and females combined were obtained.
Adult ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values* ; Systole*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cisplatin (CP), an antitumor agent widely used in the treatment of head and neck cancers, has side effects such as ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. These side effects are closely related to oxidative stress. In the present study, we attempted to suppress CP-induced ototoxicity in rats by administering melatonin, an antioxidant. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into different groups and were treated as follows: 1) saline control, 2) CP (16 mg/kg, i.p.), 3) CP plus melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.). The rats were sacrificed at the 6th day after CP treatment. RESULTS: CP-treated rats showed increase in cochlear malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase levels, and the decrease in cochlear superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels. CP-treated rats showed markedly decreased in the number of stereocilia on the inner hair cells and mildly decreased in the number of outer hair cells in organ of Corti under the light and scanning electron microscopic examination. Light and electron microscopic findings, and cochlear hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase levels were restored in the rats injected with CP plus melatonin than those with CP alone. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that melatonin suppresses CP-induced ototoxicity via the suppression of the increased production of reactive oxygen species.
Animals ; Catalase ; Cisplatin* ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Glutathione Reductase ; Hair ; Head ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; Melatonin* ; Neck ; Organ of Corti ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Stereocilia ; Superoxide Dismutase

A retrospective study was performed in 37 patients who underwent innominate osteotomy for the treatment of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. The majority of the patients (81%) were more than 6 years old, and the mean age was 7 years and 6 months. Thirty five hips were Catterall group III or IV, and 2 hips that had clinical and radiological "head at risk" signs were group II. The time interval between surgery and the final follow-up ranged from 2 to 6 years with a mean of 3 years and 10 months. Twenty five of 37 patients had good clinical results, and radiographs showed that the sphericity of the femoral head in the older age (> 8 years) group was poorer, which demonstrated a similar pattern to the clinical results in this age group. We conclude that innominate osteotomy is a safe and effective procedure in severe Legg-Calve-Perthes disease and this operation should be carefully selected as a treatment method in the appropriate age group.
Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Human ; Legg-Perthes Disease/*surgery ; Male ; *Osteotomy

Recently the adenomaatous polyposis coli(APC) gene, a tumor suppressor gene, was identified and the cDNA was cloned from chromosome 5q21. Allelic deletion or point mutation of tumor suppressor genes(TSGs) has been considered as an important mechanism in development of human tumor. Point mutations affecting APC gene are seen in the hereditary syndrome, adenomatous polyposis and spordic colon cancer. However, the mutation of APC gene and other TSGs have not been described in gastric cancer. In order to identify the mutation of exon 11 of APC gene for gastric cancer, we amplified DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and digested the PCR products with restriction enzyme Rsa I. We examined the DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded 44 gastric cancer tissues with lymph nodes. Eighteen(41%) among 44 were informative for the study exon 11 of the APC gene, and we found loss of heterozygosity(LOH) for APC in 6/18(33.3%). These data suggest that the point mutation or the base change of APC gene commonly occurs in gastric cancer. We conclude that the mutation of APC gene is strongly connected with development of human gastric cancer.
Humans ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Stomach Neoplasms

The pattern reversal visual evoked potential(PRVEP) and flash electroretinogram(flash ERG) were performed in 22 patients with optic atrophy. Patients with ophthalmologic problems other than optic atrophy or with systemic disorders were excluded from the analysis The results are as follows: 1. In the 41 eyes of patients with optic atrophy, 39 of them showed abnormal PRVEP, in which all the eyes had no consistent waveform except in one patient 2 eyes with delayed P1 latency. 2. 13 eyes were abnormal in both PRVEP and flash ERG but no eye was abnomnal in flash ERG only 3, Regarding the flash ERG examination, 13 eyes were abnomlal. Of these, there was a period of 1 to 2 years for 1 eye's disease, a period of 2 to 5 years for another eye' disease and after 5 years 11 eyes were diseased. Therefore, it showed that the longer the duration of disease lasted, the more flash ERG abnormalities developed. 4. The abnormalities of PRVEP haxe no significant relationship with the duration of the disease.
Evoked Potentials, Visual* ; Humans ; Optic Atrophy*