Cysticercosis which very rarly involves spinal canal, may show symptoms similar to herniated nucleus pulposus and cord tumor, and even myelogram may not be helpful for the accurate diagnosis. In this paper, a case in which free floating larvae of taenia solium mimicking intradural tumor by myelogram and clinical symptoms were presented. The present authors feel that cysitcercosis has to be considered as a cause when there is central filling defect of contrast media in myelogram.
Contrast Media ; Cysticercosis ; Diagnosis ; Larva ; Spinal Canal ; Spine ; Taenia solium

Primary carcinoma of fallopian tube is very rare tumor, that has an incidence less than 1% in all female genital malignanciea. Yhe symptoms are not distinctive, and in moat cases, they are so slight that the disease is well advanced when the diagnosis is made. The postmenopausal bleeding is the most common presenting eomplaint. The diagnosis of carcinoma of the fallopian tube is not made preoperatively in most cases. A 57 years woman presented with complainta of postmenopausal bleeding for 1 month. This paper reports a case of primary fallopian tube carcinoma and presents literature review.
Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence

PURPOSE: To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness among normal children, glaucoma suspects, and children with glaucoma, using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Ninety-four eyes of 47 normal children, 62 eyes of 38 glaucoma suspects and 33 eyes of 21 children with glaucoma, from the ages of 5 to 15 years were examined at the Ophthalmology Center at the Inha University Hospital. The RNFL thickness was measured with OCT. Patient cooperation and signal strength of the OCT scans were assessed. The mean, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal RNFL thicknesses were measured by OCT in all three groups. RESULTS: After adjustment by refractive error, the RNFL thicknesses of the mean, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal areas were 110.8+/-10.1 micrometer, 140.1+/-17.5 micrometer, 134.1+/-14.8 micrometer, 79.9+/-14.5 micrometer, and 89.2+/-16.8 micrometer, respectively, in the normal group; 107.9+/-10.8 micrometer, 134.8+/-15.5 micrometer, 130.2+/-18.8 micrometer, 75.4+/-17.1 micrometer, and 91.2+/-18.7 micrometer, respectively, in the glaucoma suspect group; and 102.8+/-18.1 micrometer, 129.5+/-16.5 micrometer, 126.1+/-20.2 micrometer, 70.3+/-19.7 micrometer, and 85.1+/-16.9 micrometer, respectively, in the glaucoma patient group. There was a significant difference among the three groups in all locations except in the temporal area (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: RNFL thickness in children measured by OCT may be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma in children.
Child ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Ophthalmology ; Patient Compliance ; Refractive Errors ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

BACKGROUND: Recent evidences suggest that anesthetic action within the spinal cord is important in suppressing somatic responses to painful stimuli. Intrathecal endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known to have antinociceptive effect. The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether intrathecal ET-1 may influence the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in rats and access the role of the spinal cord as the sites of anesthetic action in blocking somatic responsiveness. METHODS: In Sprague-Dawley rats fitted with an indwelling intrathecal catheter, we determined the MAC of isoflurane using a tail-clamp technique as a painful stimulus, combined with end-tidal anesthetic sampling. In experiment 1, the control MAC was determined and changes of control MAC were observed after intrathecal ET-1 (4x10-2 nmol, 4x10-3 nmol) administration. In experiment 2, we observed the effects of L or N type Ca++ channel blocker such as verapamil (50 g) or W-conotoxin (0.5 g) on the MAC after measurement of the control MAC. In experiment 3, after measurement of the control MAC, ET-1 (10-2 nmol) was administered intrathecally and the MAC was determined again. Next, intrathecal verapamil (50 g) or W-conotoxin (0.5 g) was injected. After that, the MAC was determined again. RESULTS: In experiment 1, ET-1 decreased the MAC of isoflurane and its effect was sustained over 2 hours. In experiment 2, the MAC, determined following administration of verapamil or W-conotoxin, was not different from that of the control. In experiment 3, the MAC was decreased after ET-1 administration and then increased following injection of verapamil or W-conotoxin. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that ET-1, in relation to calcium, might play an important role in determining the MAC of isoflurane in the spinal cord.
Animals ; Calcium ; Catheters ; Endothelin-1* ; Isoflurane* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; Verapamil

No abstract available.
Bronchial Arteries* ; Hemoptysis*

PURPOSE: To report one case of Parinaud syndrome after intracranial hemorrhage. CASE SUMMARY: A 45-year-old man visited our emergency department complaining of right-sided weakness and right-sided hypoesthesia. Intracranial hemorrhage in the left thalamus and intraventricular hemorrhage were noted upon brain computed tomography, and the patient was admitted to the department of neurosurgery. He complained of diplopia and upgaze palsy, and he was referred to the department of ophthalmology. The patient exhibited convergence-retraction nystagmus, light-near dissociation and vertical gaze limitation within 15 degrees. The best-corrected visual acuity of both eyes was 20/20, but convergence-retraction nystagmus and light-near dissociation still remained. Upgaze palsy was also not improved. CONCLUSIONS: Once symptoms manifest, Parinaud syndrome does not resolve except in patients with hydrocephalus. If the findings persist for more than 6 months, the likelihood of complete resolution is very small. We reported a case of typical Parinaud syndrome with upgaze palsy, convergence-retraction nystagmus and light-near dissociation after thalamic and intraventricular hemorrhage.
Brain ; Diplopia ; Dissociative Disorders ; Emergencies ; Eye ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypesthesia ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgery ; Ocular Motility Disorders ; Ophthalmology ; Paralysis ; Thalamus ; Visual Acuity

Sixty healthy adult patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery were randomly allocated to three group(n = 20), and their EMG response(twitch height) of the adductor digiti mini muscle(hypothena) to TOF stimulation of ulnar nerve by Datex relaxograph was monitored. The patients were received a bolus injection of vecuronium(0.1mg/kg) alone in group I, vecuronium(0.1 mg/kg) after 25-50% recovery from SCh(l mg/kg) in group II, and the mixed injection of SCh(1 mg/kg) and vecuronium(O.I mg/kg) in group III. The onset time(mean SEM) of effect of vecuronium(0.1 mg/kg) in group II(2.2+/-0.4 min) and group III(1.7+/-0.2 min) significantly was shorten when compared with a bolus injection of vecuronium alone in group(4.4+/-0,4 min)(p<0.05). The duration(mean+/-SEM) of vecuronium(0.1 mg/kg), however, had no significant differences among three group. It was 33+/-2 min in group I, 39+/-3 min in group II, and 34+/-2 min in group III. The potency of twitch height depression of vecuronium(0.1 mg/kg) was increased significantly following preinjection of SCh(1 mg/kg) and at the mixed injection of SCh and vecuronium The intensity of fasciculation induced by SCh was not affected at the mixed injection of vecuronium in group III. The peak increases in arterial pressare and heart rate on the endotracheal intubation were attenuated significantly at the mixed injection of SCh (1 mg/kg) and vecuronium(0.1 mg/kg) when compared with its effect of SCh (1 mg/kg) in group II(p<0.05).
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Depression ; Fasciculation ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Succinylcholine* ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide*

People who have thin eyebrows seek to enhance the density of their eyebrows. Eyebrow reconstruction could be accomplished by tattooing, pedicled flap, composite graft and hair transplantation. However, tattooing is neither permanent nor natural. The pedicled flap or the composite graft leaves an unsightly scar and unnatural results. High level skill and long operation time is the only disadvantage of eyebrow hair transplantation reconstruction but this problem can be overcome by having a well trained operation team. The authors present 130 cases of single eyebrow hair transplantation in one stage with pure cosmetic aims. The majority of patients had congenital thin eyebrows and no definite cause of thinning was found. The results were adequate and almost all of the patients were satisfied with their newly grown dense eyebrow hair.
Cicatrix ; Eyebrows* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Surgical Flaps ; Tattooing ; Transplants

The VATER syndrome is defined as a non-random association of congenital anomalies including three or more of vertebra(V), anal(A), tracheoesophageal(TE), and radial or renal(R) deficiencies. We experienced two cases of VATER syndrome; one is a 2-year-old male having imperforate anus. V-U reflux. polydactyly and secondary ASD and another one is a 17-year-old Female having lumbar scoliosis, imperforate anus, renal agenesis and didelphy uterus with ovarian cystadenoma.
Adolescent ; Anus, Imperforate ; Child, Preschool ; Cystadenoma ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Polydactyly ; Scoliosis ; Uterus

BACKGROUND: Fanconi's anemia(FA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by aplastic anemia and congenital malformations. As up to 30% of patients have no physical stigmata, the modern diagnosis of FA rests on chromosomal breakage of patient's cells induced by chemical clastogens such as diepoxybutane(DEB) or mitomycin-C(MMC). METHODS: We reviewed the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, diagnostic methods, treatment and outcome of 6 patients diagnosed to have a FA at the Chonnam University Hospital for the last 6 years. RESULTS: Six cases(16.2 %) were found to have FA among 37 aplastic children who were diagnosed during the same period. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.3 years which was the usual onset of hematologic findings. All patients had features of aplastic anemia, and had one or more anomalies, such as low birth weight, hyperpigmentation, cafeau-lait spots, mental retardation, developmental delay, peculiar face(broad nasal bases, epicanthal folds, micrognathia), polydactyly, microcephaly, short stature, and dislocation of hip. We found increased breaks in cultured cells with DEB and MMC in 5 cases tested. The median duration of follow-up was 30 months. Oxymetholone and prednisolone treatment was partially beneficial in three cases. Immunosuppressive treatment with ALG/ATG was not successful in two cases tried. Four cases are living now, without transfusion in three. Two patients were died of disseminated fungal infection and transplant-related problems, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Fanconi's anemia should be sought carefully in any patients with aplastic anemia because the prognosis, treatment modality, and the approach to bone marrow transplantation are quite different when the hematologic disorder is inherited rather than acquired.
Anemia, Aplastic ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Christianity ; Chromosome Breakage ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Fanconi Anemia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Jeollanam-do ; Microcephaly ; Mitomycin ; Mutagens ; Oxymetholone ; Polydactyly ; Prednisolone ; Prognosis