Primary pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the common pulmonary disease affecting children in Korea. Simple chest film is essential in diagnosis of primary pulmonary tuberculosis, but it is difficult to interpret the findings in some cases. Authors reviewed chest films of 162 cases of clinically confirmed primary pulmonary tuberculosis from April 1978 to June 1981 at Seoul National University Hospital. The results are as follows; 1. Lymph node enlargement, either hilar or mediastinal, was found in 82.7% and pulmonary parenchymal infiltration in74%. 2. Incidence of unilateral and bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement is about 50% (81cases) and 30% (49cases) respectively. Incidence of unilateral and bilateral mediastinal lymph node enlargement is about 21% (34cases) and 4.3% (7 cases), more common in right side. 3. Pulmonary parenchymal lesion is demonstrated in 74% (120cases). The pattern of primary focus is as follows in order; patchy infiltration 47% (76 cases) linear-streaky infiltration 15% (25 cases), lobar or segmental homogenous infiltration 9% (14 cases), nodular infiltration 4% (7cases). The primary focus of right lung is two times as common as that of left. 4. Calcification in primary focusis noted in about 27% in pulmonary parenchyma and 49% in hilum. 5. Plerual effusion is identified in 10%, but pleural effusion without pulmonary parenchymal lesion or lymph node enlargement is noted in only 2% (3 cases).
Child ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lymph Nodes ; Pleural Effusion ; Seoul ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Lentigo maligna melanoma(LMM) is the least common type of melanoma. LMM is almost exclusively located on sun-exposed skin of the head and neck. We describe a case of lentigo maligna melanoma evolved from lentigo maligna in 82-year-old man. Five years ago, the patient developed a brownish pigmented lesion on the left cheek. The lesion progressed slowly, and several months ago, a black pigmented patch was developed in the periphery of the brownish pigmented patch. Histopathologic examination of the lesions revealed findings consistent with lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma.
Aged, 80 and over ; Cheek ; Head ; Humans ; Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle* ; Lentigo* ; Melanoma* ; Neck ; Skin

Backgrounds: Thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in the initiation and maintenance of somatic growth in mammalian species, and the insulin-like growth factors(IGFs) occupy a position of central importance in the growth of all tissues. To evaluate the changes in serum insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients, sera was obtained from 19 hyperthyroid patients, 9 hypothyroid patients, and 10 healthy volunteers. Methods: IGF-I concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay, and changes in IGFBPs were assesed by Western Ligand Blotting. To evaluate the binding pattern of IGF-I & IGFBPs, autoradiographs were obtained. Results & Conclusion: IGF-I levels were increased significantly in hyperthyroid patients(mean ±SE, 267.88±9.80 ng/ml, p<0.05) and decreased significantly in hypothyroid patients(154.81±1.43 ng/ml, p<0.01) compaired to healthy control group(209.45±.60 ng/ml). Autoradiograph of serum IGFBPs from patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism did not show any change in the intensity of IGFBP-3 bands(40-45 KD) and IGFBP-1 bands, but in hyperthyroid patients, it showed increased intensity of IGFBP-2 band compared to healthy control group and hypothyroid patients.
Equidae ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypothyroidism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thyroid Hormones

PURPOSE: We performed this study to evaluate the prognostic factors and the effect of induction chemotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done for 130 patients with locally advanced NSCLC treated with curative radiotherapy alone or induction chemo-radiotherapy from January 1986 to October 1996. Eighty-five patients were treated with radiotherapy alone, forty-five with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Age, sex, performance status, histopathologic type, and stage were evenly distributed in both groups. The patients were treated with 6 MV or 10 MV X-ray. Conventional fractionation with daily fraction size 1.8~2.0 Gy was done. Of the patients, 129 patients received total dose above 59.6 Gy (56~66 Gy, median 60 Gy). Induction chemotherapy regimen were CAP (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Cisplatin) in 6 patients, MVP (Mitomycin, Vinblastine, Cisplatin) in 9 patients, MIC (Mitomycin, Ifosfamide Cisplatin) in 13 patients, and EP (Etoposide, Cisplatin) in 17 patients. Chemotherapy was done in 2~5 cycles (median 2). RESULTS: Overall 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rate (YSR) for all patients were 41.5%, 13.7%, and 7%, respectively (median survival time 11 months). According to treatment modality, median survival time, overall 1-, 2-, and 3-YSR were 9 months, 32.9%, 10.5%, 6% for radiotherapy alone group, and 14 months, 57.8%, 20%, 7.6% for induction chemotherapy group, respectively (p=0.0005). Complete response (CR) to overall treatments was 25% (21/84) in radiotherapy alone and 40.5% (17/42) in induction chemotherapy group (p=0.09). The prognostic factors affecting overall survival were hemoglobin level (p=0.04), NSE (neuron-specific enolase) level (p=0.004), and response to overall treatment(p= 0.004). According to treatment modalities, NSE (neuron-specific enolase) (p=0.006) and response to overall treatment (p=0.003) were associated with overall survival in radiotherapy alone group, and response to overall treatment (p=0.007) in induction chemotherapy group. The failure pattern analysis revealed no significant difference between treatment modalities. But, in patients with CR to overall treatment, distant metastasis were found in 11/19 patients with radiotherapy alone, and 3/13 patients with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy (p=0.07). Locoregional failure patterns were not different between two groups (10/19 vs 6/13). CONCLUSION: Induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy achieved increased 2YSR compared to radio therapy alone. At least in CR patients, there was decreased tendency in distant metastasis with induction chemotherapy. But, locoregional failures and long-term survival were not improved. Thus, there is need of more effort to increasing local control and further decreasing distant metastasis.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Ifosfamide ; Induction Chemotherapy* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Vinblastine

No abstract available.
DNA, Viral* ; Hep G2 Cells* ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Spices*

BACKGROUND: Severe or massive postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) has remained a leading cause of maternal mortality for decades across the world and it results in critical obstetric complications. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) has emerged as a gold standard adjunctive hemostatic agent for the treatment of life-threatening PPH refractory to conventional therapies although it remains off-licensed for use in PPH. We studied the effects of rFVIIa on coagulopathy, transfusion volume, prognosis, severity change in Korean PPH patients. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records between December 2008 and March 2011 indicating use of rFVIIa in severe PPH was performed. We compared age, rFVIIa treatment, transfusion volume, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at the time of arrival in the emergency department and after 24 hours for patients whose SOFA score was 8 points or higher. RESULTS: Fifteen women with SOFA score of 8 and above participated in this study and eight received rFVIIa administration whereas seven did not. Patients' mean age was 31.7 ± 7.5 years. There was no statistically significant difference in initial and post-24 hours SOFA scores between patients administered rFVIIa or not. The change in SOFA score between initial presentation and after 24 hours was significantly reduced after rFVIIa administration (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis aimed to support that the administration of rFVIIa can reduce the severity of life-threatening PPH in patients. A rapid decision regarding the administration of rFVIIa is needed for a more favorable outcome in severe PPH patients for whom there is no effective standard treatment.
Emergency Service, Hospital ; Factor VIIa* ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Death ; Maternal Mortality ; Medical Records ; Organ Dysfunction Scores ; Postpartum Hemorrhage* ; Postpartum Period* ; Prognosis ; Recombinant Proteins ; Retrospective Studies

Authors performed angio-CT(portal &/or arterial CT) in 35 patients with various hepatic masses. We obtained portal CT in 32 and arterial CT in 13 patients. The contrast material was injected into superior mesenteric artery for portal CT and into hepatic artery for arterial CT after transfemoral cathetrization of these arteries. We concluded that portal CT was superior to other imaging modalities highly sensitive in detecting hepatic masses, especially, early hepatocellular carcinomas, daughter nodules, and subclinical metastatic hepatic malignancy, With this method, detection rate of early hepatocelluar carcinomas improved 62% in number of patients and 90% in number of masses. Detection rate of subclinical hepatic metastases improve 60% each in number of patients and in number of masses. It was also useful for the detection of portal vein invasion. Arterial CT was useful in differential of masses and in defining the characteristics of entire or part of the masses because this method revealed hemodynamic patterns more definitely.
Arteries ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Hemodynamics ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nuclear Family ; Portal Vein

Conjoined twins occur when there is imcomplete fission of the inner cell mass later at approximately 13 to 15 days after fertilization. The earlist case in the literat.ure appears to be that of the Biddenden Maids who were born in England in 1100. since then over two hundred cases of successful separation were reported on literature. And also successful separation cases were reported by Seung et al.(1991) in Korea. Conjoined twins occur between one in 50,000 to 100,000 births but real incidence is one in 200,000 because two thirds are stillbirth or died immediately after birth. The conjoined twins are not associated with maternal age, race or family history and 70 % of them are females. We experienced a case of conjoined twins with omphalopagus and performed surgical separation. A brief review of related literatures was done.
Animals ; Continental Population Groups ; England ; Female ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Maternal Age ; Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Parturition ; Stillbirth ; Twins, Conjoined*

Primary carcinoma of fallopian tube is very rare tumor, that has an incidence less than 1% in all female genital malignanciea. Yhe symptoms are not distinctive, and in moat cases, they are so slight that the disease is well advanced when the diagnosis is made. The postmenopausal bleeding is the most common presenting eomplaint. The diagnosis of carcinoma of the fallopian tube is not made preoperatively in most cases. A 57 years woman presented with complainta of postmenopausal bleeding for 1 month. This paper reports a case of primary fallopian tube carcinoma and presents literature review.
Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence

The purpose of this study is to evaluate an antioxidative effect of estrogen on the bone in oophorectomized rats. Thirty Sprague-Daley rats were equally divided into 3 groups; group 1 as control group with sham operation, group 2 as experimental group with oophorectomy, and group 3 as oophorectomized group treated with estrogen. Estradiol (5mg/kg BW) was administered three times per week from first to sixth week after oophorectomy. Left tibia was obtained to measure the amount of protein carbonyls as an index of oxidative stress and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The results were as follows: trahecular bone area in proximal tihia decreased after oophorectomy, which increased in response to estrogen administration. The level of protein carbonylation in hone was not significantly different among all groups. Activity of antioxidant enzymes such ais glutathione reductase(GR), glutathione peroxidase(GP) and glutathione transferase(GST) in bone was not significantly different among all groups. However, the activity of catalase in bone markedly increased in group 3 compared with that in group 1 and group 2. In summary, bone trabecular area increased after admin- istration of estrogen. And estrogen induced the activitv of catalase, which might contrihute to prevent the oxidative damage. However, the glutathione utilizing enzymes such as GR, GP and GST were not significantly affected by estrogen status.
Animals ; Catalase ; Estradiol ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Glutathione ; Ovariectomy ; Oxidative Stress ; Protein Carbonylation ; Rats* ; Tibia