No abstract available.
Classification* ; Dermatoglyphics* ; Yersinia*

No abstract available.
Prostate* ; Testis*

The author surveyed on the ration of central serous retinopathy (C.S.R.) cases among total out patient, distribution of sex, distribution of age, sites of affected eye, and visual acuity in 271 cases of central serous retinopathy from March, 1973 to April, 1977. Fluorescein angiography was performed in 71 cases among them. Leakages of fluorescein were analysed by pictures. The results are obtained as follows: 1. The eyes of C.S.R. were observed in 0.75% among total out patients. 2. As to the distribution of sex, male were observed in 71.4%. 3. Among 271 cases, Unilateral affected cases (83.4%), and there were no difference between right and left eyes. 4. As to the distribution of age, 4-th decade were most frequently affected in 35.4%. 5. The cases were classified by leaking pattern as followings; Type I: Leaking was unremarkable. Type II: Leaking point appeared at early arterial phase and fades out gradually. Type III: Learking point appeared at early arterial phase and increased in density gradually, but the size of leaking area wes not enlarged. Type IVa: Leaking point appeared at early arterial phase and increase concentrically in the density and size. Type IVb: Leaking point appeared at early arterial phase and increased vertically (mushroom-shaped) in its size and density. 6. Type IVa in leaking pattern was most frequently observed. 7. A single leakage was found in 39.5% of all cases. 8. The leakages of fluorescein were found most frequently in the upper area particullary in the upper nasal area of the macula.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Fluorescein ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Male ; Outpatients ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: This study investigated prediction of North Korean refugees' adaptation to the South Korean society and verified the goodness of fit between a hypothetical model and actual data in order to suggest the best model. METHODS: This survey was conducted with 445 North Korean refugees living in a metropolitan area. Data were collected from September 1st to November 20th, 2012, and analyzed using SPSS Windows 18.0 and AMOS 17.0. RESULTS: Traumatic experiences of North Korean refugees increased self-efficacy and psychological trauma. Acculturation stress decreased self-efficacy and increased passive coping. Self-efficacy affected active and passive coping, decreased psychological trauma, and increased resilience. Resilience is successful adaptation and refers to North Korean refugees' abilities to adapt effectively to stress. In particular, self-efficacy as the main parameter affecting resilience was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that resilience can be improved through self-efficacy. It was the most significant factor decreasing psychological trauma and increasing resilience. Therefore, we need to develop programs for self-efficacy. The results also provide basic data for policy making for North Korean refugees.
Acculturation ; Adaptation, Psychological/*physiology ; Adult ; Aged ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea/ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Personal Satisfaction ; Psychological Trauma/*ethnology ; Refugees/*psychology ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Resilience, Psychological ; Self Efficacy ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Bacteriolysis* ; Galactose* ; Lipopolysaccharides* ; Salmonella typhi* ; Salmonella*

The T cell antigen receptor (TcR) in combination with costimulatory signals triggered by accessory molecules present on the surface of the antigen-presenting cells (APC) regulates the activation and growth of T lymphocytes. Calyculin A and Okadaic acid is known to be an inhibitor of serine/threonine phosphatase and RK-682 specifically blocks functions of tyrosine phosphatase. To investigate roles of these inhibitors in TcR-mediated signaling cascade, chimeric molecule CD8-5 which contains the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the human CD8a molecule and the cytoplasmic tail of TcR 5 chain were stably expressed in Jurkat cell line. CD8-5 chimeric protein induced tyrosine phosphorylation of various cytoplasmic substrates and IL-2 gene expression in a NFAT dependent manner by stimulation with anti-CD8 mAb OKT8 as seen in TcR stimulation. When CD8-5 transfectants were preincubated with Okadaic acid, Calyculin or RK682, they differentially affected tyrosine phosphorylation of signaling mediators including CD8-5 molecule. When Jurkat Tag cell line was used where SV40 T antigen is stably expressed and the expression of p-galactosidase is driven by the multiple NFAT binding sites plus minimal IL-2 promoter, these phosphatase inhibitors -RK682, Calyculin A, Okadaic acid- effectively inhibited IL-2 gene expression at the concentration of 1.2832 x 10 ' M, 3.9924 x 10 M, 7.2707 x 10 M respectively. These results suggested that Okadaic acid, Calyculin or RK682 modulate TcR-proximal as well as TcR-distal signaling events during T cell activation.
Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Antigens, Viral, Tumor ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cytoplasm ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; Jurkat Cells ; Okadaic Acid* ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tyrosine

BACKGROUND: For most patients, recovery from anesthesia is a smooth uneventful. But for some, recovery can be life threatening. To prevent this, adequate and prompt evaluation of patients on recovery state is essential. Activity, respiration, circulation, awareness, and color are comprehensively assessed by PAR score. So we performed this clinical study to compare ongoing changes in PAR score and the effects of age, physical status, operation site and operation time on PAR score were evaluated. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-four patients (ASA 1, 2) undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were evaluated in our recovery room. They were anesthetized with enflurane or isoflurane, and nitrous oxide, and were transferred to the recovery room when SpO2 was more than 97% and there was no supplemental oxygen during transport. Once there, O2 5 l/min was administered via a face mask to all the patients. Assessment of each patient's PAR score was made at ten-minute intervals by the same anesthesiologist. RESULTS: Emergence from anesthesia was significantly dependent on patient's age, preoperative physical status but not on operation site and time. PAR score was significantly increased according to PAR-stay time regardless of age, physical status, operation site or time. CONCLUSION: In evaluating the postanesthetic recovery state, it seems to be important to consider patient's age and physical status.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Enflurane ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Masks ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Recovery Room ; Respiration

The differential diagnosis of benign tumors from other intra-ureteric lesions was difficult. But. recently. it is easy due to developed diagnostic procedures. such as ureteroscopy. We herein report a case of fibroepithelial polyp of the left ureteropelvic junction which was diagnosed with ureteroscopic finding and biopsy with brief review or literatures.
Biopsy* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Polyps* ; Ureter* ; Ureteroscopy

Anthropological studies of the proximal femur in a given race is a prerequisite step in designing femoral component of the total hip arthroplasty. As these studies and subsequent data are lacking for Korean hips, the author attempted an anthropological measurement of the Korean proximal femur. The results of this study are as following; l. In the orthoscanographic study for 187 subjects, mean of the maximum femoral length was 43.73±2.13cm for male, 40.53±2.03cm for female, The proportion of femoral length to the body height was found to have a constant ratio −26.10% for male, 25.91% for female. 2. In Anthropological measurement of Korean femur for 58 subjects, mean angle of the femoral anteversion was 19.85±6.86 and the neckshaft angle was 129.6±3.09. 3. In the study of the anterior curvature of femur, position index was 51.95±14.5% for male, 52.61±9.25% for female and index of bowing was 2.58±1.01% for male, 3.01±1.25% for female. In comparision with other races the Korean femur was found to have relatively straight curvature and the apex of the maximum curvature was located more distally. 4. External circumferential diameter of the femur-measured at 15cm below the lesser trochanter-showed 8.79±0.59cm for male and 8.42±0.53cm for female. The sexual difference at this level was statistically significant. (P <0.05). 5. In selected cadaeveric femurs, the minimum transverse diameter of internal mold was 1.26±0.30cm and was located at 12.5cm below the lesser trochanter to 20cm can be estimated by the following equation. Y=2.234−0.191X+0.0078X² for male, Y=2.395−0.173X+0.007X² for female.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Body Height ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Femur ; Fungi ; Hip ; Humans ; Male

BACKGROUND: A randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel group study was performed to compare the effects of remifentanil and morphine as analgesic drugs on the duration of weaning time from mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: A total of 96 patients with MV in 6 medical and surgical intensive care units were randomly assigned to either, remifentanil (0.1-0.2 mcg/kg/min, n = 49) or morphine (0.8-35 mg/hr, n = 47) from the weaning start. The weaning time was defined as the total ventilation time minus the sum of controlled mode duration. RESULTS: Compared with the morphine group, the remifentanil-based analgesic group showed a tendency of shorter weaning time (mean 143.9 hr, 89.7 hr, respectively: p = 0.069). Secondary outcomes such as total ventilation time, successful weaning rate at the 7th of MV day was similar in both groups. There was also no difference in the mortality rate at the 7th and 28th hospital day. Kaplan-Meyer curve for weaning was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil usage during the weaning phase tended to decrease weaning time compared with morphine usage.
Analgesics ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Morphine* ; Mortality ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Ventilation ; Ventilator Weaning ; Weaning*