PURPOSE: To evaluate the pattern of distant lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma and its correlation with distant organ metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed abdominal CT scans of 46 patients with pathologically proven colorectal carcinoma. RESULTS: The incidence of distant lymphadenopathy in colorectal carcinoma was 30.4%(14/46). The most commonly involved distant lymph node was the left paraortic lymph node below the renal hilum(9/25). The most common type of distant lymphadenopathy was solitary type(7/14) and all of these lymphadenopathies were noted in the left paraortic lymph node below the renal hilum. Six cases of left sided colorectal carcinoma showed left paraortic lymphadenopathy with solitary type. The incidence of distant organ metastasis was 17. 4%(8/46) and markedly increased if distant lymphadenopathy was multiple and confluent, or confluent type(5/7). CONCLUSION: The incidence of distant lymphadenopathy in colorectal carcinoma was not high and the most common lymphadenopathy was the left paraaortic lymph node with solitary type below the renal hilum. The possibility of distant organ metastasis was high if distant lymphadenopathy was multiple and confluent, or confluent type.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR appearance of the accessory hepatic veins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 87 consecutive patients for whom abdominal MR images were obtained. The subjects who had liver lesion or hepatic vascular abnormalities were excluded. Couinaud classified accessory hepatic veins into inferior and middle right hepatic veins. Our major interests were evaluation of the incidence, morphology, and location of the accessory hepatic vein. RESULTS: Inferior right hepatic vein was demonstrated in 43 out of 87 patients(49%). The morphology was linear in 35 patients(80.5%), and V-shaped in 8 patients(19.5%). In 40 patients(93%), the inferior right hepatic vein was located in the posteroinferior aspect of the right lobe. Middle right hepatic vein was demonstrated in 7 out of 87 patients(8%). All were single linear in morphology, combined with the inferior right hepatic vein, and located between the right hepatic vein and inferior right hepatic vein. CONCLUSION: The accessory hepatic vein was demonstrated in 49% among the Korean adult population, and was located in posteroinferior portion of the liver, in 93%.
Adult ; Hepatic Veins* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Renal*

Pulmonary metastasis occurs frequently in patients with gestational choriocarcinoma and most of these patients achieve remission with chemotherapy alone. Thus, the indications for surgical intervention are limited, but in appropriately selected patients, resection of a chemotherapy-resistant lung lesion can be curative. We have experienced that pulmonary metastatic choriocarcinoma in a drug-resistant patient was cured by pulmonary resection. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pregnancy

PURPOSE: Although laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is a popular bariatric procedure, few comprehensive studies have been investigated on the use of non-gastro-gastric sutures (NGGSs) for decreasing postoperative complications. This study aimed to assess and compare the safety and effectiveness of MIDBAND with or without gastro-gastric sutures (GGSs). METHODS: Between February 2013 and March 2014, 41 severely obese patients underwent primary LAGB using pars flaccid technique at double center in South Korea. Excess weight loss, operative time and postoperative complications were assessed and compared between a GGS group (group 1) and a NGGS group (group 2), and patients were followed monthly for 1 year. RESULTS: Mean body mass indices in groups 1 and 2 were 38.4 ± 4.7 and 38.9 ± 5.0 kg/m², respectively, and mean percentage excess weight losses (%EWLs) were 59.9% ± 28.4% and 50.9% ± 20.0%, respectively, at 6 months, and 75.8% ± 26.6% and 72.5% ± 27.5%, respectively, at 12 months, and these intergroup differences of %EWL were not significant (P = 0.256 and P = 0.704, respectively). Mean operative time (57.2 minutes) was shorter in group 2 than in group 1 (79.2 minutes) (P < 0.001). In terms of complications, pouch dilatation rates were similar in the 2 groups, and no case of gastric band erosion was encountered. CONCLUSION: Operative time was shorter in the NGGS group, and pouch dilatation rates and %EWL were similar in the 2 groups. We conclude NGGS using MIDBAND is both straightforward and effective. A long-term prospective comparative study is needed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of NGGS.
Bariatric Surgery ; Dilatation ; Gastroplasty ; Humans ; Korea ; Laparoscopy ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies* ; Sutures* ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: To analyze both the effects and the eyelid contour of Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection and levator aponeurosis advancement in patients with mild to moderate belpharoptosis. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 20 eyes of 16 patients who underwent Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection and 25 eyes of 17 patients who underwent levator aponeurosis advancement from January 2012 to December 2015, where each patient was followed up for at least 6 months. Surgical success was defined as either a marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD₁) elevation greater than 2.5 mm postoperatively or a bilateral MRD₁ difference less than 0.5 mm. Both the conventional and 12 oblique mid-pupil lid distances were measured every 15 degrees using custom software developed in the MATLAB program (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA). RESULTS: The average correction of Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection was 1.1 mm, while that of levator aponeurosis advancement was 0.9 mm. There was no significant difference in MRD₁, MRD₂, function of levator palpebrae muscle, or lid contour in the preoperative status between the Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection group and the levator aponeurosis advancement group. The surgical success rate was 85% in the Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection group and 84% in the levator aponeurosis advancement group, but this difference was not significant. The postoperative lid contour (superomedial side, 15°) was more effective in the Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, both types of blepharoptosis surgery were effective at correcting mild to moderate blepharoptosis. The correction of mild to moderate blepharoptosis using Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection is an effective technique for elevating the eyelid and normalizing the eyelid contour.
Blepharoptosis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Eyelids* ; Humans ; Reflex ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: In the present study, a case of recurrent nasolacrimal duct obstruction as ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft syndrome is reported. CASE SUMMARY: An 18-year-old male complained of epiphora in both eyes. By the age of 1, he was diagnosed with nasolacrimal duct obstruction and received left side dacryocystotomy, both sides silicone tube insertion and, right side endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. The general findings showed microdontia and, bilateral ectrodactyly. An irrigation test showed ‘regurgitation without pus’ and Jones test showed ‘negative’ in both sides. Complete obstruction was observed on dacryocystography and the patient underwent endoscopic conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy with Jones tube at right side and endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy at left side. The chromosome test showed normal findings. CONCLUSIONS: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction in ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft syndrome is usually caused by dysplasia of the nasolacrimal duct and accompanied by dysplasia of lacrimal punctum and canaliculus. Providing proper care for nasolacrimal duct obstruction in ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft syndrome is important. Furthermore, the high failure rate should be considered.
Adolescent ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases* ; Male ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Silicon ; Silicones

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical outcomes following botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment with an individualized injection technique based on the types of spasms and to compare the results of the individualized injection technique with those of the conventional injection technique in the same patients. METHODS: From November 2011 to July 2013, 77 BoNT-A injections were performed in 38 patients. Eighteen patients were treated with conventional BoNT-A injections before 2011, and 20 patients were referred to our hospital for unsatisfactory results after a conventional injection technique. We classified the patients by spasm-dominant sites: the lateral orbital area, representing the orbital orbicularis-dominant group (ODG); the glabella, representing the corrugator-dominant group (CDG); and the ptosis, representing the palpebral part of the orbicularis-dominant group (PDG). We increased the injection dose into the spasm-dominant sites of the blepharospasm groups. We assessed subjective symptom scores (functional disability score, FDS) after treatment. RESULTS: This study included 38 patients (26 women, 12 men; mean age, 60.6 +/- 10.9 years). There were 21 patients in the ODG, 10 patients in the CDG, and 7 patients in the PDG. Mean ages were 59.7 +/- 12.6, 59.8 +/- 8.5, and 66.8 +/- 9.0 years, and mean BoNT-A injection dose was 38.8 +/- 11.2, 38.8 +/- 11.2, and 38.8 +/- 10.8 U in each group, respectively (p = 0.44, 0.82 Kruskal-Wallis test). Mean FDS after injection was 1.7 +/- 0.7 in the ODG, 1.4 +/- 0.8 in the CDG, and 1.2 +/- 0.3 in the PDG. There were significant differences in reading and job scale among the three groups. In a comparison between the conventional and individualized injection techniques, there was a significant improvement in mean FDS and in the reading scale in the PDG with the individualized injection technique. The success rate was 92.1% in the conventional injection group and 94.1% in the individualized injection group. CONCLUSIONS: The individualized injection technique of BoNT-A according to the spasm-dominant site is an effective and safe treatment method for essential blepharospasm patients.
Aged ; Blepharospasm/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A/*administration & dosage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Eye Movements/*drug effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage ; Oculomotor Muscles/*physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Clinical presentation of supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome includes complete akinesia of the contralateral side of the body and mutism, with secondary recovery of neurologic deficit. Multi-joint coordination is frequently impaired following the development of a brain lesion and is generally restricted by abnormal patterns of muscle activation within the hemiparetic limb, clinically termed muscle synergies. However, no work to date has confirmed this observation with the aid of objective methods, such as gait analysis, and the development of reflex pattern has not been suggested as a possible cause. We describe two unusual cases of flexor synergy after tumor resection of SMA lesions.
Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Extremities ; Gait ; Lower Extremity* ; Motor Cortex ; Muscles ; Mutism ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Reflex

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings associated with posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) syndrome. METHODS: Approval from the Institutional Review Board was obtained. A retrospective review of 908 patients' sonographic images of the upper extremity from January 2001 to October 2010 revealed 10 patients suspicious for a PIN abnormality (7 male and 3 female patients; mean age of 51.8±13.1 years; age range, 32 to 79 years). The ultrasonographic findings of PIN syndrome, including changes in the PIN and adjacent secondary changes, were evaluated. The anteroposterior diameter of the pathologic PIN was measured in eight patients and the anteroposterior diameter of the contralateral asymptomatic PIN was measured in six patients, all at the level immediately proximal to the proximal supinator border. The size of the pathologic nerves and contralateral asymptomatic nerves was compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Swelling of the PIN proximal to the supinator canal by compression at the arcade of Fröhse was observed in four cases. Swelling of the PIN distal to the supinator canal was observed in one case. Loss of the perineural fat plane in the supinator canal was observed in one case. Four soft tissue masses were noted. Secondary denervation atrophy of the supinator and extensor muscles was observed in two cases. The mean anteroposterior diameter of the pathologic nerves (n=8, 1.79±0.43 mm) was significantly larger than that of the contralateral asymptomatic nerves (n=6, 1.02±0.22 mm) (P=0.003). CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography provides high-resolution images of the PIN and helps to diagnose PIN syndrome through visualization of its various causes and adjacent secondary changes.
Atrophy ; Denervation ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Nerve Compression Syndromes ; Radial Nerve ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Upper Extremity