No abstract available.
Female ; Laparoscopy* ; Methotrexate* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

BACKGROUND: Mechanisms of secondary injury (post-ischemic injury) in the central nervous system have cently reported in a vast of amount of experiments. Among many factors which give rise to post-ischemic neuronal damage, glial deterioration probably mediated by calcium paradox, could be another of the aggravating deleterious factars to the already ischemic neurophil. METHODS: Here we have designed experiment to investigate calcium paradox in astroglial cell line, humsn asttocytoma U1242MG. Intracellular calcium alterations in experimental cells were monitored by using calcium indicating dye fura-2 and epifluorescent photometry system. RESULTS: Intracellular free calcium changes during reperfusion phase after exposure to low calcium led to a prampt increase in intracellular calcium level after 10 and 30 minutes. The way of calcium entry during the reperfusion phase was mediated by the revase mode of Na+/Ca(2+) exchanger. Cells that had a reduction of reperfusate calcium to 10 uM increased cell viability. Also we observed an inverse relationship between major enzymatic activity in the astrocytoma cells (i.e., glutamine synthetase activity) and the duration of reperfusion in the the same protocols. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively small amount of intracellular calcium increase by the reverse mode of Na+/Ca(2+) exchanger during the reperfusion period is related to a limitation of enzyme activity and viability 24 hours later.
Anesthesia* ; Astrocytoma ; Brain ; Calcium ; Capnography* ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Central Nervous System ; Fura-2 ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase ; Ions ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Photometry ; Reperfusion

No abstract available.
Hematuria* ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Borderline malignant ovarian tumor are characterized as neoplasrns exhibiting cellular priliferative changes greater than those seen in the benign form, but not showing destnictive invasion of the ovarian strama. We reviewed 14 cases of borderline ovarian tumor who had been diagnosed and treated at Kyung Pook university hospital from 1987 to 1992. We nnalysed the clinical features, treatment and prognosis which were compared to 24 cases of the epithelial ovarian cancer at the same period The most common histological thpe of boderline tumnr was mucinous type (1 l cases, 79%), the next one was serous type (3 cases, 21%). In FIGO stage of Borderline tumor, 11 caseS weve stage I a, 1 with stage II c, 1 with stage gb and 1 with stage lV, and the FIGO stage of 24 cases of ovarian cancer was 8 cases with stage I a, 1 with stage I b, 2 with stage I c, 1 with II c, 2 with stage III a, 1 with stage III b, 7 with stage III c and 2 with stage 1V. The mean age of borderline and malignant tumor was 37.1 and 47.6 years.. 3 cases were being pregnant on the operatian. In the 14 cases of borderline turnor, 7 cases were managed by conservative operation, but 1 case recurred 4 years later so extirpative operation and pastoperative chemotherapy were given. The other 4 cases were managed by extirpative operation but postoperative chemotherapy was given in only 1 patient. Follow up ranged from 7 to 72 months. 12 cases were alive. 2 cases died, one was stage III b, the other was atage IV. This atudy suggeat, that it is neceasary to follow up carefully even the early stage of botderline tumor and manage as oyarian carcinama in the advanced stage.
Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mucins ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary* ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of endometriosis is generally accepted that retrograde menstruation and alterations in the local pelvic immune environment. This study was performed to help elucidate what kind of role various cytokines might play in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. METHOD: Concentrations of peritoneal fluid cytokines were compared in 7 women with normal pelvic finding and 23 women with endometriosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The patterns of cytokine mRNA expression in 8 ovarian endometrioma and 12 superficial pelvic endometriosis lesions were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) amplification method. RESULT: Both IL-6 and IL-10 levels in peritoneal fluid specimens with endometriosis tended to be higher than normal. However, there were no significant differences between peritoneal fluid concentrations of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-5 of women with and without endometriosis. The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in peritoneal fluid of women with severe endometriosis compared to women with mild endometriosis. IL-1beta mRNA was expressed in all of 8 deep and 12 superficial endometriosis lesions. IL-5 and IL-6 mRNA were expressed in only two black lesions respectively, however, both were not expressed in the all deep lesions. Expressions of IL-10 mRNA occurred in one red and one black lesion while this was expressed in only one of the deep lesions. TNF-alpha mRNA was expressed in one red and one black lesion of 12 superficial lesions compared with four of the deep lesions. There was the difference between kinds of increased cytokines in the peritoneal fluid and those of expressed cytokines in the endometriotic lesions of patients with endometriosis. CONCLUSION: This study supports the concept that local immunologic factors may be important in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis. The pattern of cytokine mRNA expression of endometriotic lesions would seem to indicate that proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta and TNF-alpha are responsible for the development or progression of endometriosis.
Ascitic Fluid ; Cytokines ; Endometriosis* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-5 ; Interleukin-6 ; Menstruation Disturbances ; RNA, Messenger* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The aim of this study was to analyze an association between milk consumption and serum lipid profiles in postmenopausal women in Korea. The dietary data by the Food Frequency Questionnaire were evaluated among 208 postmenopausal women who did not receive hormone therapy and their serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase were analyzed. When the relationship between milk consumption and serum lipid profiles were analysed by linear regression, we found a negative relationship of milk consumption with ALP and a positive relationship with HDL-cholesterol. Animal calcium intake was significantly correlated with ALP and HDL-cholesterol. In addition, the serum level of HDL-cholesterol of the upper quartile (UQ) subjects who took animal calcium over 313 mg/day was significantly higher than the lower quartile (LQ) subjects who consumed milk below 101 mg/day when we compared the UQ and LQ subjects. The HDL-cholesterol level of the UQ subjects who consumed 235 ml of milk tended to be higher than the that of the LQ who consumed 53 ml. As for serum concentrations of TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, there was no significant difference between the UQ and LQ groups of milk consumption. Based on our study, we concluded that continual consumption of approximately one cup of milk per day was associated with low cardiovascular risks with favorable lipid profiles and ALP in postmenopausal women.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Linear Models ; Menopause ; Milk* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether co-culture of oocytes on vero cell monolayers from Day 0 (Day 0 group) after egg retrieval results in an increase in developmental capacity such as fertilization rate, embryo quality, blastulation and clinical pregnancy rate compared with co-culture of oocytes from Day 1 (Day 1 group). METHODS: Sperms were treated with Hams F-10 supplemented with 10% human follicular fluid (hFF). Vero cells for co-culture were prepared in TCM-199 with 10% FBS. Oocytes were co-cultured from Day 0 and fertilized oocytes were co-cultured from Day 1 on vero cell monolayers in DMEM with 10% and 20% hFF, respectively after egg retrieval. On day 1, 2 and 5, fertilization rate and grade of embryos and blastocysts were evaluated. Results (fertilization rate, cleavage rate, grade of embryos and blastocysts and pregnancy rate) were considered statistically significant when p value was less than 0.05 using t-test and ci2. RESULTS: In sibling oocytes of same cycles, no differences were found in fertilization rate (94.6 vs. 91.4%), cleavage rates (94.6 vs. 91.4%), embryo grade (on day 2 and 3) and blastulation (65.6 vs. 57.0%) and their grade. In different oocytes of different cycles (patients), no differences were found in fertilization (79.8 vs. 78.3%), cleavage rates (77.7 vs. 76.4%) and blastulation (56.0 vs. 45.3%), but pregnancy rate was higher in the Day 0 group than in the Day 1 group (60.0 vs. 42.9%). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the embryonic development capacities were not affected by the different co-culture time in the sibling oocytes of same cycles. Although no statistical significance, because of small size of study, there was a trend for higher pregnancy rates in Day 0 group compared to Day 1 group in different oocytes of different cycles.
Blastocyst ; Coculture Techniques* ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Fertilization ; Follicular Fluid ; Humans ; Oocytes* ; Ovum ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Siblings ; Spermatozoa ; Vero Cells

Authors studied the regulatory mechanism of protein kinase C on the action of acetylcholine in rabbit carotid artery. The arterial rings were myographied isometrically in an isolated organ bath. In this study, acetylcholine relaxed phenylephrine-induced contraction of rabbit carotid artery in the presence of endothelium. In the pretreatment of methylene blue or nitro-L-arginine, the action of acetylchioline was reduced. Pretreatment of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA) attenuated the action of acetylcholine, but PMA did not attenuated it in the presence of staurosporine, suggesting that protein kinase C suppressed the action of acetylcholine. The potency of phorbol ester on the action of acetylcholine was PMA>phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate(PDBu)>phorbol 12,13-diacetate(PDA), but the direct effect of phorbol on the contraction of arterial rings was PDBu>PMA>PDA. This implied that protein kinase C involved in the contraction of smooth muscle and the attenuation of the action of acetylcholine were different. PMA did not affect on A23187- and sodium nitroprusside-induced vasorelaxation. Acetylcholine increased tissue cGMP contents, which was reduced by PMA. These results suggest that in rabbit carotid artery protein kinase C reduce acetylcholine-stimuated endothelium derived relaxing factor(EDRF) release by affecting membrane receptor, and do not affect on the function of EDRF and cGMP production in the smooth muscle.
Acetylcholine* ; Baths ; Carotid Arteries* ; Endothelium ; Membranes ; Methylene Blue ; Muscle, Smooth ; Protein Kinase C ; Sodium ; Staurosporine ; Vasodilation

No abstract available.
CA-125 Antigen* ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

The pneumoretroperitoneum has many etiologies. These range from the clinically insignificant to the potentially fatal, if not recognized promptly. Spontaneous pneumoretroperitoneum can develope from ulcerative colitis, colonic diverti-culitis, or duodenal ulcer perforation. It can be associated with pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, respiratoy tract rupture, etc. An isolated pneumoretroperitoneum are a more obscure symptom than a pneumoperitoneum. Mostly, the diagnosis of retroperitoneal air depends of radiologic methods, such as simple X-ray, ultrasound (US), or computerized tomography (CT) measurements. In this case, we diagnosed a pneumoretroperitoneum from CT and found that it caused the perforation of the colon spontaneously, without any underlying diseases, due to chronic constipation without underlying diseases
Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colon ; Constipation ; Diagnosis ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Pneumothorax ; Retropneumoperitoneum* ; Rupture ; Ultrasonography