No abstract available.
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*

PURPOSE: Na+-K+ ATPase Activity has beem estimated by the degree of inhibition of cation transport by cardiac glycosides (ouabain) using Rb-86 as a substrate. The biological characterist-Isc of T1-201 is known to be simiIar to those of potassium as a transport substrate in the presence of glucose, insulin or phobol myristate acetate (PMA). The purpose of this study was to measure ouabain sensitive Na+-K+ ATPase activity using T1-201 and compare with that using Rb-86. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smooth muscle cells isolated from rat aorta or human placental umbilical artery were cultured, and used to measure cellular Na+-K+ ATPase activity. Na+-K+ ATPase activity was measured as a percentage decrease in cellular uptake of T1-201 or Rb-86 by ouabain under the presence of glucose, insulin or PMA in media. RESULTS: Na+-K+ ATPase ase activity measured with T1-201, as a transport substrate, was not different from those measured with Rb-86 in rat or human smooth muscle cell preparation. Incubation with high concentration glucose resulted in about 30% decrease in enzyme activity. In contrast, insulin or PMA resulted in 50-70% or 28% increases from baseline activity, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggests that T1-201 could replace Rb-86 in measurement of ouabain sensititive Na+-K+ ATPase activity in vitro. High level of glucose concentration decreased cellular Na+-K+ ATPase activity, but insulin or PMA increased it.
Adenosine Triphosphatases* ; Animals ; Aorta ; Cardiac Glycosides ; Glucose ; Humans ; Insulin ; Membranes* ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Myristic Acid ; Ouabain ; Potassium ; Rats ; Umbilical Arteries

No abstract available.
Stem Cell Transplantation*

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow* ; Radionuclide Imaging*

Symphyseal injury is increasing in number together with today's speed of development of car industry in Korea. However, this injury is not common in practice. Some authors reported that symphyseal injury is only 4 to 6% of all pelvic fractures. Symphysis pubis has characteristicsl anatomy to maintain mechanical integrity of the pe1vis with circumferential ligament. The pelvis is a ring structure with strong ligaments. This support include the symphysis pubis, the anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments, and the strong sacrotuberous ligaments. According to Peltier(1964), when symphysis is separated more than 1.0cm, pubic instability will be developed. However, Wild(1982) reported that pelvic instability develops when separation of the symphysis exceeds more than 2.5cm. Tile(1984) reported that anterior pubic rami acts as a strut to prevent anterior collapse of the pelvic ring during weight bearing. However, in the presence of intact posterior structures, it gives little effect on pelvic stability. In addition to trauma, pelvic instability develops congenitally or by pregnancy. During pregnancy, pregnancy-related hormones relsx the ligameritous stuctures of the pelvic girdle. In most instances, the major pelvic ring returns to normal when the effect of the relaxin hormones disappear. However, in rare instances, a major symphysis disruption may continuously persist. To evaluste the trauma-induced separation of the symphysis pubis, we analyzed the 19 cases with 15 months follow-up on an average, who were treated at the Orthopaedic Department, Kang-Nam St. Marys Hospital, from June 1981 to June 1986. The results were as follows 1. Among 19 cases, 9 cases(47.4%) were male, 10 cases(52.6%) were female. And average age of the patients was 30.2 years. 2. The main cause of the fracture was traffic accident in 18 out of 19 cases. 3. In cases of symphyseal separation more than 3.4cm, fracture-separation of both sacroiliac joint was certainly occured. However, in cases with separation more than 2.2cm, unilalateral fracture-dislocation of sacroiliac joint occurred. 4. Open reduction and interal fixatiopn including external fixation was performed in 9 og cases. As an indication of surgery, separation of the symphysis, which exceeds more than 2.2cm and which associated (1) with sacroiliac fracture-dislocation, (2) failed conservative treatment, and (3) when simultaneously emergency urological operation is indicated.
Accidents, Traffic ; Emergencies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Ligaments ; Male ; Pelvis ; Pregnancy ; Pubic Bone ; Relaxin ; Sacroiliac Joint ; Weight-Bearing

Mitral valvular heart diseases are known to be one of the easily detectable and the hemodynamic chane to the severity and duration of diseases can directly be described by echocardiography. The objective of this study was to determine the echocardiographic characteristics in 3 groups of mitral valvular diseases, that is mitral stenosis(112 cases), mitral stenoinsufficiency (66 cases). and mitral insufficiency(20 cases). 1) In mitral valve study, closing velocity of anterior leaflet reduced in mitral stenosis than other two groups and DE amplitude was greater in mitral insufficiency but there were no significant differences in 3 groups of mitral valvular diseases. DE and AC slope were slightly more rapid in mitral stenosis group and left ventricular outflow tract was much increased in mitral insufficiency group. 2) In aorta and left atrium study, aortic cusps separation was much increased in mitral insufficiency and left atrium was slightly more dilated in mitral stenoinsufficiency than other two groups. But left atrial dimension in mitral insufficiency was more diminished than that in mitral, stenosis, which is probably due to the short durationn of diseases and small range of materials in mitral insufficiency group. 3) In left ventricle study, thickness of interventricular septem, LSa, Ena, left ventricular dimension, LVPW, LV volume. and stroke volume were more increased in mitral insufficiency than mitral stenosis, because of the left ventricular volume overloading. Vcf and PEP/LVET were higher in mitral insufficiency than other two groups. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening were more diminished in mitral stenoinsufficiency but no significant difference was found. 4) In right ventricle study, there were no remarkable changes in right ventricular dimension and right ventricular internal dimension index in all 3 groups of mitral valvular diseases. 5) Calcification of mitral leaflets was observed in 85.7% of mitral stenosis, 90.9% of mitral stenoinsufficiency and 10% of mitral insufficiency, but heavy calcification was more remarkable in mitral stenosis group(25%). 6) Atrial fibrillation was observed in 47% of total mitral valvular diseases, mitral stenosis being 43.8%, mitral stenoinsufficiency 60.6% and mitral insufficiency 20%. In cases of atrial fibrillation, left atrial dimension was significantly enlarged compared with the group without atrial fibrillation.
Aorta ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Atria ; Heart Valve Diseases* ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemodynamics ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Stroke Volume

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of distant muscle contraction on the sensory and motor nerve conduction and F-wave studies in stroke patients. METHOD: During isometric contraction of contralateral hand, sensory nerve action potential (SNAP), compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and F-wave of median nerve were recorded at submaximal and supramaximal stimulus intensity. The subject group consisted of 15 stroke patients and 10 control subjects. RESULTS: At submaximal stimulation, the amplitude and area of SNAP were significantly increased during muscle contraction in both groups (p <0.05). However there were no changes in parameters of SNAP and CMAP at supramaximal stimulation in both groups. The latency of F-wave was prolonged, and the amplitude was increased in the stroke group than those in the control group at resting state (p <0.05). The shortening of F-wave latency and increment of F-wave amplitude were observed in the control group during distant muscle contraction, but not in the stroke group. CONCLUSION: The distant muscle contraction might facilitate the nerve conduction. In addition F-wave elicited during voluntary contraction can be used as a monitor of upper motor neuron disorders.
Action Potentials ; Hand ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction ; Median Nerve ; Motor Neurons ; Muscle Contraction* ; Neural Conduction* ; Stroke*

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), characterized by monoclonal B-cell accumulation and highly variable clinical manifestations that range from an indolent to an aggressive course, is rare in Korea. Asymptomatic patients with early stage CLL can be followed up without treatment; however, those with active or advanced disease require treatment immediately after diagnosis, for symptom alleviation and prolonging survival. Previously, chemotherapy using cytotoxic agents was the only therapeutic option available for patients with CLL. Research has provided a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, and novel agents such as monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors that target specific sites on leukemic cells have been introduced. The advent of these new drugs has led to improved clinical outcomes in patients with CLL. Currently, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors or B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitors are recommended as frontline therapy, prior to the administration of cytotoxic agents or combination therapy with monoclonal antibodies. In this article, we review the diagnosis and prognosis of CLL, in addition to the clinical implications of the various therapeutic options.

Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) now have an improved life expectancy similar to that of the general population due to the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, many patients experience mild to severe adverse events while undergoing TKI treatment. This review aimed to discuss the adverse events of TKIs, including myocardial infarction and hypertension, and comprehensively analyze strategies for minimizing vascular complications.Current Concepts: Near-fatal cardiovascular events (CVEs) are common among patients receiving nilotinib and ponatinib. However, those receiving other TKIs, such as imatinib and dasatinib, rarely experience CVEs. Among these CVEs, vascular complications, including peripheral arterial occlusion, venous occlusion, and hypertension, are exacerbated in patients with pre-existing vascular risk factors and prolonged TKI use. Therefore, it is crucial to assess predisposing factors to vascular complications and select the optimal TKI to minimize serious CVEs before initiating therapy. Additionally, patients should be closely monitored for vascular complications during nilotinib and ponatinib treatment.Discussion and Conclusion: Despite advancements in therapeutic approaches and research on CML leading to the development of target-specific TKIs aiming to minimize side effects, newer generations are not entirely devoid of adverse events. Hence, it is important for patients and physicians to be knowledgeable about these medications to effectively monitor for side effects, particularly those that are life-threatening, such as vascular toxicity. It is now more important than ever to carefully observe symptoms and perform adequate testing to identify at-risk individuals early and avoid preventable adverse events.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), characterized by monoclonal B-cell accumulation and highly variable clinical manifestations that range from an indolent to an aggressive course, is rare in Korea. Asymptomatic patients with early stage CLL can be followed up without treatment; however, those with active or advanced disease require treatment immediately after diagnosis, for symptom alleviation and prolonging survival. Previously, chemotherapy using cytotoxic agents was the only therapeutic option available for patients with CLL. Research has provided a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, and novel agents such as monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors that target specific sites on leukemic cells have been introduced. The advent of these new drugs has led to improved clinical outcomes in patients with CLL. Currently, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors or B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitors are recommended as frontline therapy, prior to the administration of cytotoxic agents or combination therapy with monoclonal antibodies. In this article, we review the diagnosis and prognosis of CLL, in addition to the clinical implications of the various therapeutic options.