No abstract available.
Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY*

Pulmonary metastasis occurs frequently in patients with gestational choriocarcinoma and most of these patients achieve remission with chemotherapy alone. Thus, the indications for surgical intervention are limited, but in appropriately selected patients, resection of a chemotherapy-resistant lung lesion can be curative. We have experienced that pulmonary metastatic choriocarcinoma in a drug-resistant patient was cured by pulmonary resection. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pregnancy

STUDY DESIGN: A case report. OBJECTIVES: To report a rare case of atypical spinal tuberculosis. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: In spinal tuberculosis, non-contiguous multifocal involvement and isolated involvement of posterior elements of the spine have been considered atypical features. There have been a few reports of each of these atypical features but no reports have described spinal tuberculosis with both of these atypical features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 39-year-old man presented with back pain and progressive weakness of both lower extremities. He was diagnosed with spinal tuberculosis from the cervical to sacral spine, showing multifocal non-contiguous involvement with multiple abscesses on magnetic resonance imaging. Notably, in the thoracic spine area, isolated involvement of posterior elements was found with an epidural abscess compressing the spinal cord. He underwent a total laminectomy of the thoracic spine and multiple abscesses were drained with pigtail catheter insertions into the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. RESULTS: At the 8-month follow-up, the patient's neurologic status had improved to Frankel Grade D, and the patient was able to walk with the support of a walker. At the 3-year follow-up, the patient had recovered completely without any neurologic deficit. CONCLUSIONS: Since atypical spinal tuberculosis may show various patterns, examination of the entire spine is important for early diagnosis. Treatment should be provided properly from minimally invasive procedures to open surgery depending on the extent of structural instability and neurologic deficit.
Abscess ; Adult ; Back Pain ; Catheters ; Decompression ; Early Diagnosis ; Epidural Abscess ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Spinal Cord ; Spine ; Tuberculosis, Spinal* ; Walkers

The prevalence of supernumerary teeth is between 1~3%. Of these, 90~98% occur in the maxilla with particular predilection for the premaxilla, preceded by mandibular third premolars, mandibular forth molars and maxillary paramolars. The most common ones occur in the maxillary anterior region, they may occur singly between the central incisors(mesiodens), or they may be double(mesiodentes). Maxillary anterior supernumeraries may erupt into the oral cavity or remain unerupted. It is found that approximately 25% are erupted, while the rest are unerupted. They are usually a small tooth with a cone-shaped crown and a short root. They may cause delayed eruption, median diastema, bodily displacement or rotation of the adjacent permanent teeth. Occasionally they may lead to the developement of dentigerous cyst or primordial cyst, or eruption into nasal cavity. In this study, 109 supernumeraries surgically extracted from premaxilla in 84 patients are analysed. The results are as follows : 1. Sex distribution of male and female is 2.2 : 1 2. Almost cases are in pediatric age from 5 to 12 years old (87%). 3. Problems with supernumeraries are tooth malpositon, diastema, delayed eruption, eruption to nasal cavity and cyst formation. 4. Of 109 supernumeraries, 16(15%) are erupted into oral cavity, 92(84%) are impacted, and 1(1%) is erupted into nasal cavity. 5. Of 84 patients, 59(70%) have one supernumeray while 25(30%) have two supernumeraries. 6. Of 109 supernumeraries, 96(88%) are found within the region of the central incisors. 7. Of 109 supernumeraries, 94(86%) are vertically impacted , 11(10%) are horizontally impacted , 3(3%) are labiopalatally impacted and 1(1%) is impacted in nasal cavity. 8. Of 84 patients, we used palatal flap in 67(80%), labial flap in 6(7%), both flaps in 4(5%) and no flap in 7(8%). And incisive nerve was cut in 33(49%) of 67 palatal flaps. 9. Extration with ostectomy was done in 72 supernumeraries(66%), without ostectomy in 37 teeth(34%). 10. Extraction with tooth sectioning was done in 21 supernumeraries(19%), without tooth sectioning was done in 88 teeth(81%). 11. We used local anesthesia in 70 patients(83%) and general anesthesia in 14 ones(17%).
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Bicuspid ; Child ; Crowns ; Dentigerous Cyst ; Diastema ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Mouth ; Nasal Cavity ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution ; Tooth ; Tooth, Supernumerary*

PURPOSE: We studied the changes in subtypes of diabetes mellitus (DM) in children and evaluated the characteristics of each group over the past 20 years. In addition, we also examined the correlation between the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values at the time of diagnosis and lipid profiles. METHODS: The patients were divided into 2 groups: there were a total of 190 patients under 20 years of age firstly diagnosed with DM in Ajou University Hospital. The patients in groups I and II were diagnosed from September 1995 to December 2004 and from January 2005 to April 2014, respectively. RESULTS: The characteristics were compared between the 2 groups of patients. The result showed an increase in percentage of type 2 diabetes and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) patients between the 2 groups. HbA1c and total cholesterol level had statistical significances to explain increasing the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level among age, HbA1c, total cholesterol level, and z-scores of weight and body mass index (BMI) in type 2 diabetes. R-square was 0.074. However, z-score of BMI and total cholesterol level, not HbA1c, had statistical significances in type 1 diabetic patients. R-square was 0.323. CONCLUSION: The increase in the proportions of both type 2 diabetes and MODY in the last 10 years needed to be reminded when diagnosing the subtypes of DM, and the dyslipidemia should be attended more as a common problem of pediatric diabetic patients.
Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diagnosis ; Dyslipidemias ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Lipoproteins

PURPOSE: We studied the changes in subtypes of diabetes mellitus (DM) in children and evaluated the characteristics of each group over the past 20 years. In addition, we also examined the correlation between the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values at the time of diagnosis and lipid profiles. METHODS: The patients were divided into 2 groups: there were a total of 190 patients under 20 years of age firstly diagnosed with DM in Ajou University Hospital. The patients in groups I and II were diagnosed from September 1995 to December 2004 and from January 2005 to April 2014, respectively. RESULTS: The characteristics were compared between the 2 groups of patients. The result showed an increase in percentage of type 2 diabetes and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) patients between the 2 groups. HbA1c and total cholesterol level had statistical significances to explain increasing the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level among age, HbA1c, total cholesterol level, and z-scores of weight and body mass index (BMI) in type 2 diabetes. R-square was 0.074. However, z-score of BMI and total cholesterol level, not HbA1c, had statistical significances in type 1 diabetic patients. R-square was 0.323. CONCLUSION: The increase in the proportions of both type 2 diabetes and MODY in the last 10 years needed to be reminded when diagnosing the subtypes of DM, and the dyslipidemia should be attended more as a common problem of pediatric diabetic patients.
Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diagnosis ; Dyslipidemias ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Lipoproteins

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-induced complications, once occurred, can lead to significant morbidity. Commonly 5% to 10% of patients experience procedure related complications such as post-ERCP pancreatitis, biliary hemorrhage, and cholangitis, in descending order. However, complications such as perforation, pneumothorax, air embolism, splenic injury, and basket impaction are rare but are associated with high mortality if occurred. Such unexpected unusual complications might extend the length of hospitalization, require urgent surgical intervention, and put the patient in miserable condition leading to permanent disability or mortality. Although these ERCP-induced complications can be minimized by a skilled operator using advanced techniques and devices, the occurrence of unusual complications are hard to expect and induce very difficult management condition. In this review, we will focus on the uncommon complications related to ERCP. This review is also aimed at suggesting optimal endoscopic treatment strategies for several complications based on our institutional experiences.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangitis ; Embolism, Air ; Endoscopy ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Pancreatitis ; Pneumothorax

STUDY DESIGN: A case report. OBJECTIVES: To report a rare case of extensive epidermoid cysts in the lumbosacral spine. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The intradural epidermoid cyst with extensive involvement is rare, and previous reports have reported only extensive intramedullary epidermoid cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 75-year-old male presented with progressive motor weakness of both extremities beginning 3 days prior. MRI showed extensive intradural extramedullary epidermoid cysts in the lumbosacral region. We performed total laminectomy from the L1 to the L5 level, and the cystic mass was removed. RESULTS: We confirmed the epidermoid cyst on histopathologic examination. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive extramedullary epidermoid cysts are difficult to remove completely. Attempting complete removal may result in neurological deficit. Therefore, when surgical intervention is planned, the poor postoperative prognosis should be taken into consideration.
Aged ; Cauda Equina* ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Extremities ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Lumbosacral Region ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Polyradiculopathy* ; Prognosis ; Spine*

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) mutation is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the occurrence of parathyroid, pancreatic islet, and anterior pituitary tumors. The incidence of insulinoma in MEN is relatively uncommon, and there have been a few cases of MEN manifested with insulinoma as the first symptom in children. We experienced a 9-year-old girl having a familial MEN1 mutation. She complained of dizziness, occasional palpitation, weakness, hunger, sweating, and generalized tonic-clonic seizure that lasted for 5 minutes early in the morning. At first, she was only diagnosed with insulinoma by abdominal magnetic resonance images of a 1.3 × 1.5 cm mass in the pancreas and high insulin levels in blood of the hepatic vein, but after her father was diagnosed with MEN1. We found she had familial MEN1 mutation, and she recovered hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia after enucleation of the mass. Therefore, the early genetic identification of MEN1 mutation is considerable for children with at least one manifestation.
Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Child ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia/diagnosis ; Insulin/blood ; Insulinoma/diagnostic imaging/*pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1/*diagnosis/pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*pathology ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Seizures/complications

BACKGROUND: We examined the relationship between 10-year predicted atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Koreans aged 40–79 years. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional design was used from data based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014. RESULTS: A total of 1,134 healthy Koreans aged 40–79 years were included. A positive relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and ASCVD score was shown in women (β=0.015) after adjusting for central obesity, physical activity, and supplement intake. The chances of being in the moderate to high risk (risk group, ASCVD score ≥5%) with vitamin D sufficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥20 ng/mL) was 1.267-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.039–1.595) greater than the chance of being included in the group with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL) after adjustments in women. CONCLUSION: Our research indicated a significantly positive association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and ASCVD score. Further detailed studies to evaluate this correlation are needed.
Atherosclerosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Female ; Heart* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Motor Activity ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency