No abstract available.
Epilepsy*

There is inherent diffi culty in identifying the epileptogenic zone in nonlesional neocortical epilepsy, which leads to the incomplete resection. However, with careful interpretation of other studies including functional neuroimaging and concordant results, surgical treatment can benefi t patients with nonlesional neocortical epilepsy. Two recent large studies including ours demonstrated that seizure free outcomes were 47 and 55% for nonlesional TLE, and 41 and 43% for nonlesional extratemporal lobe epilepsy patients. Concordance with two or more presurgical evaluations among interictal EEG, ictal EEG, FDG-PET, and ictal SPECT was signifi cantly related to a seizure-free outcome. However, we should always the possibility of false localization of ictal EEG or functional neuroimaging in nonlesional neocortical epilepsy. Careful placement of intracranial electrodes on adjacent areas should be needed for these patients. The repositioning of intracranial electrodes might identify a new ictal onset zone. Consideration of one-week interval repositioning of intracranial electrodes could be helpful in selected patients. Intracranial EEG is one of the most important procedures in planning surgery and achieving a good surgical outcome in resective epilepsy surgery. Slow propagation and focal or regional ictal onset were associated with a seizure-free outcome. Resection that includes more electrodes with ictal rhythm or interictal abnormalities predicts a good surgical outcome.

Tuberculous spine has high incidence in children. Many cases of the tuberculous spine are complicated by deformities of the spine and disability such as paraplegia, cardio-plumonary dysfunction, and also early death. There are now several reports on the pulmonary dysfunction due to spinal deformities such as scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis, but there are few papers on the pulmonary function of patients with the tuberculous spine and kyphosis in children. This article is a report on the study of chest excursion in 70 kyphotic children and of the pulmonary function in 10 cases of severe kyphotic patients with collapsing tuberculous spine. The following results are obtained through the study: 1) Chest excursion was evidently diminished in the cases of moderate and severe thoracic, and severe lumbar involvement. The remainders were nearly within normal limits. 2) The study revealed that the chest excursion and the radiological kyphosis has a very gradually sloped negative correlation in thoracic involvement. 3) Pulmonary function in the severe kyphotics who had the curve over 50 degree were revealed as follows; a) Over 50 percent of the cases had diminished vital capacity. That is, over-all average was 67.7 percent of normal capacity. Especially inspiratory reserve volume was diminished, it was 63.7 percent of normal. Maximum breathing capacity was 68.8 percent of normal. b) Tidal volume, timed vital capacity, minute ventilation rate and O2 consumption were within normal limits or nearly normal.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inspiratory Reserve Volume ; Kyphosis ; Paraplegia ; Respiration ; Scoliosis ; Spine ; Thorax ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation ; Vital Capacity

Tuberculosis of the spine still remains as an important problem and also have high incidence in children in Korea. Many cases of the tuberculous spine are complicated by deformities of the spine and disability such as paraplegia, incordination of the cardio-pulmonary function and also result in early death. For the treatment of the tuberculous spondylitis following measure should be considered. First, eradication of the tuberculous lesion by conservative treatment or combined surgery, secondly, prevention of the deformity of the spine. Lastly, care for physical and psycological or emotional changes, and care for cardio-pulmonary dysfunction which develops after establishment of spinal deformity. Authors also attempted to analyse the kyphotic changes of the tuberculous spine of 70 children who were ambulating treatment at Pusan University Hospital and Pusan Charity Hospital, and obtained the result as follows; 1. Lower thoracic and upper lumbar were mostly involved. Nearly all cases of the new involvement of adjacent vertebra within 18 months. Only 4 cases now involvement occured after 18 months. 3. Kyphosis aggrevated grossly in 61.3% of cases. Most of them were apparent within 18 months but the changes developed after 18 months in 4.23% of cases. 4. In measuring the radiological kyphosis, Salters angle usually more simpler one than the internal gibbus angle. 5. Salters angle was larger involved than the internal gibbus angle except in mild and severe cases of the lumbar and lumbosacral involvement. Increase of kyphosis was 13.6 degree by internal gibbus angle and 16.3% by Salters angle. Kyphosis increased after 18 months were 3.1 degree by internal gibbus angle and 5.0 degree by Salters angle. 6. Radiological kyphosis changed in all stages and at least we should consider the changes of the kyphosis could be measured. 7. By the Kawakamis spinometer, the compensatory curvature, the posture of the patient and state of the kyphosis could be measured. 8. The compensatory curvature measured by Kawakamis spinometer were as follows: a) compensatory curvature in decrement in mild or morderate degree of cases, changed lumbar only or both cervical and lumbar curvature. b) compensatory curvature in increment in severe thoracic involvement changed both cervical and lumbar curvature, or cervical one only, the value in the cervical one was larger than that in the lumbar curvature.
Busan ; Charities ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Kyphosis ; Paraplegia ; Posture ; Spine ; Spondylitis ; Tuberculosis

It has been well known that the incidence of delayed or nonunion of tibial shaft fracture is high and in order to improve methods of treatment and to get satisfactory final results in these fractures, it is important to find out as early as possible whether the fracture is healing normally or not. The fracture healing is closely related to the circulatory conditions at the fracture site, however, in contrast to animal experiments it is impossible to visualize directly the circulatory conditions at the fracture site. There have been many efforts to visualize indirectly these vascular re-establishments through angiography. Kaski(1974) reported a paper concerning osteomedullography of tibial fracture with phlebocompression and noticed 5 types of veins related to the process of healing. We performed 54 cases of osteomedullography in 41 tibial fracture at 3 months after treatment and the following results were obtained: 1. The sinusoidal vein in the proximal fragment was observed most frequently and the next were intra-osseous crossing vein, periosteal callus vein, ascending branch of main efferent vein, and periosteal veins of proximal fragment in decreasig frequency. 2. The rate of positive finding in osteomedullography at 3 months after treatment was lower, and periosteal callus veins were observed more frequently in the group treated with only cast immobilization than in the group treated with plate and screws. 3. In the group treated with compression plate and screws, osteomedullographs were positive in all 3 cases within 3 months after operation and sinusoidal veins in the proximal fragment were visualized in all cases, however periosteal callus vein was not visualized at all. 4. After bone graft, the differentiation of periosteal callus from grafted bone was not easy in plain X-ray film, but osteomedullography was very useful in these cases. Positive findings were noticed in 2~3 months in all cases following bone graft. 5. The authors found that the ideal time of performing osteomedullography was 3 months following treatment. If found to be negative after 4 months following treatment, bone graft was necessary.
Angiography ; Animal Experimentation ; Bony Callus ; Fracture Healing ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Tibial Fractures ; Transplants ; Veins ; X-Ray Film

No abstract available.
Female ; Mammaplasty*

No abstract available.
Endolymphatic Hydrops*

Seidel nail is one of locked humeral nail and Seidel himself reported excellent result in his preliminary report using his nail. But our early experience showed disappointing result with high rate of complications, So we reviewed our 16 cases of humeral shaft fracture with polytrauma treated with Seidel nail and studied anatomical fitness of the nail within the distal medullary space using CT scan. The most frequent complication was intraoperative fracture of the proximal humerus < 4 cases> and this seemed to be due to lateral placement of pilot hole. There were 3 cases of nonunion and these cases showed insufficient distal anchorage, either primarily or postoperatively. Anatomical fitness study showed insufficient spreading of nail flanges in 5 cases of distal canal width below 9mm and nonunion cases were in this group. Other problems of Seidel nail were technical difficulties due to occasionally incorrect proximal targeting device and frequent breakage of adaptor screw. Study of more cases may be needed to confirm the design problem of Seidel nail.
Humerus ; Multiple Trauma ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

TO evaluate the histopathologic features of gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pylori (HP), we reviewed 70 endoscopically biopsied chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. The results are as fonows. l. HP was detected in 923% (48/52) of active gastritis, 8l8% (9/l l) of peptic ulcer and l43% (1/7) of chronic gastritis. The prevalence of HP infection was significantly higher in active gastritis and peptic ulcer than chronic gastritis (P<0005). 2. The infiltration of intraepithelial neutrophil of the 58 HP-positive cases was significantly more than of the l2 HP-negative cases (P<0005). 3. The infiltration of neutrophil and chronic inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of the 58 HP positive cases were significantly more than of 12 HP-negative cases (P<0.005, P<0.01) 4. The gastric epithelium of 58 HP positive case showed characteristic degenerative change, such as epithelial pits (93.l%), irregular surface (84.4%), individua1 cell drop-out (46.5%) and microerosion (27.6%). The similiar changes were not seen in l2 HP-negative cases. In summary, HP is significantly correlated with inflammatory reaction of the gastric mucosa. It is also significantly correlated with the epithelial degenerative changes that is considered to the precursor of peptic ulcer.

No abstract available.