This study was carried out to understand the relationship between specific chromosome changes and their phenotypic consequences at the tissue level of human lung cancers. Then paraffin-embedded human lung squamous cell carcinoma samples were investigated for in evidence of genetic alterations, using chromosome 7 and 17-specific repetitive alpha-satellite DNA probes. In situ hybridization procedure with chromosome-specific DNA probes was optimized for use on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue sections. The chromosome index ranged from 1.10 to 1.88(median, 1.49) for chromosome 7 and 1.20 to 1.98(median, 1.69) for chromosome 17. Normal lymphocytes and stromal cells showed one or two chromosome signals per cell in most cases. All tumors showed three or more chromosome signals per cell with range of 16.0% to 80.6% of cancer cells(median, 50.9%) for chromosome 7 and 32.7% to 84.7%(median, 69.9%) for chromosome 17. The chromosome index did not correlate with the DNA content in most cases. Chromosomes 7 and 17 were either overrepresented or underrepresented when they were compared with corresponding DNA index determined by FCM. An increase in copy number, particularly of chromosome 7 was associated with a less favorable phenotype, including high nuclear grade. In addition, chromosome alterations were differentially expressed in the different areas of the same tissue section, correlating with histologic heterogeneity. These results suggest that chromosome polysomy can be reliably detected in tissue sections using in situ hybridization. There is a strong correlation between genotypic abnormalities and tumor phenotype in human lung cancer. This capability will prove to be an important tool for determining the underlying genetic basis for tumor development, tissue phenotype heterogeneity and progression by allowing genetic determination to be made on paraffin-embedded tissue sections where tumor histologic architecture is preserved.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Fingers* ; Joints* ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle*

PURPOSE: The authors investigated the ability of cardiac blood pool clearance rates(CBCR) of 99mTc-DiSiDA in the measure merit of functioning hepatocyte mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the volume of Iobectomized liver after completion of postoperative scanning with CBCR of 99rnTc-DISIDA in 5 rabbits who the functional hepatic Iobectomy performed by ligation of hepatic artery, portal vein and biliary tracts. Regarding the measurement of CBCR of 99mTc-DISIDA, we set the time which was decreased to the half of the clearance amount of the cardiac radioactivity by hepatic extraction of 99mTc-DISIDA at the point of 50 sec after the renal peak of the radioactivity to prevent confusing with the blood dilution of the radioactivity, that have called DI-K50. RESULTS: The results were followed that the volumes of the functional hepatic Iobectomy in 5 rabbits were 25%, 25%, 41%, 52%, 75% and the residual functioning hepatocyte masses measured by CBCR of 99rnTc-DISIDA were preserved to 75. 1%, 70. 8%, 63. 0%, 52. 2%, 30. 8% respectively. CONCLUSION: we made decision that CBCR of 99rnTc-DISlDA was useful to evaluate the functioning hepatocyte mass.
Biliary Tract ; Hepatic Artery ; Hepatocytes* ; Ligation ; Liver ; Portal Vein ; Rabbits ; Radioactivity ; Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin*

There is increasing need for network connecting personal computers(PC) together. Thus Local Area Network(LAN) emerged, which was designed to allow multiple computers to access and share multiple files and programs and expensive peripheral devices and to communicate with each user. We built PC-LAN in our department that consisted of 1) hardware-9 sets of personal computers(IBM compatible 80386 DX, 1 set:80286 AT, 8sets) and cables and network interface cards (Ethernet compatible, 16bits) that connected PC and peripheral devices 2) software - network operating system and database management system. We managed this network for 6 months. The benefits of PC-LAN were 1) multiuser (share multiple files and programs, peripheral devices) 2) real time data processing 3) excellent expandibility and flexibility, compatibility, easy connectivity 4) single cable for networking ) rapid data transmission 6) simple and easy installation and management 7) using conventional PC's software running under DOS(Disk Operating System) without transformation 8) low networking cost. In conclusion, PC-LAN provides an easier and more effective way to manage multiuser database system needed at hospital departments instead of more expensive and complex network of minicomputer or mainframe.
Database Management Systems ; Hospital Departments ; Humans ; Microcomputers* ; Minicomputers ; Pliability ; Running

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is crucial for many biological processes such as embryogenesis, cyclic changes in the endometrium and wound healing. It is also critical for the growth, invasion and metastasis of solid tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) acts as a mitogen for endothelial cells and is expressed by the presence of various tumor cells. The objective of this study is to evaluate if angiogenesis is involved in the mouse skin carcinogenesis and if VEGF is related to angiogenesis. METHODS: We induced premalignant and malignant lesions on mouse (BALB/c) skin using the two stage chemical carcinogenesis moedl, DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene) initiation and TPA (tetra decanoyl-phorbol-acetate) promotion. And we analysed the microvessel densities (MVD) and expression of VEGF in various stages of premalignant and malignant lesions by immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: Squamous papillomas, keratoacanthoma, dermatofibroma, and squamous cell carcinomas were developed in 20 weeks. There were no differences in the incidence of benign and malignant tumors between 10-week and 20-week promotion groups. There were significant increases in MVD from normal and hyperplastic skin through premalignant lesion to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.0005). But the degree of VEGF expression neither correlated with neither MVD nor the tumor groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increased angiogenesis begins from the hyperplastic stage. VEGF produced by tumor cells may not play major roles in the angiogenesis in the two stage chemical carcinogenesis model of the mouse skin.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Biological Processes ; Carcinogenesis* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Embryonic Development ; Endometrium ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; Incidence ; Keratoacanthoma ; Mice* ; Microvessels ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Papilloma ; Pregnancy ; Skin* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A* ; Wound Healing

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Blood Transfusion*

Cerebrocostomandibular syndrome is characterized by micrognathia, cleft palate, multiple thorax deformity and frequently, mental deficiency. Respiratory compromise is a common cause of death. We experienced a case of cerebrocostomandibular syndrome with congenital heart disease in a 2 day old female baby with the chief complaint of cyanosis and respiratory difficulty since birth. She was delivered by cesarian section due to delayed labor at IUP 42 weeks. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical features, radiologic findings and echocardiogram, which showed micrognathia, deformity of 3rd finger Lt, hemivertebrae of T1-T6 Lt., absence of 1-6th rib Lt., dextrocardia, tetralogy of fallot, atrial septal defect secondum. We reported this case and reviewed related litertures briefly.
Cause of Death ; Cleft Palate ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Cyanosis ; Dextrocardia ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fingers ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Parturition ; Ribs ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: To determine the advantage of laparoscopic splenectomy techniques in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), we compared it with an open splenectomy. METHODS: The cases of all patients who had undergone (52) a splenectomy for ITP at St. Mary's Hospital from January 1993 to December 1997 were reviewed. From the 52 cases, 21 cases were managed with a laparoscopic technique only and 31 cases were managed with an open technique. RESULTS: Blood and platelet transfusion requirements were reduced in the laparoscopic group. Although the mean operating time was slightly longer in the laparoscopic group (110 versus 184 minutes, p<0.001), the mean hospital stay (9.7 versus 5.9 days, p<0.001) was slightly shorter and the postoperative analgesic requirement (p<0.001) and the incidence of post operative complications (9.5 versus 48.4%) were greatly reduced. The detection rates of accessory spleens was low in the laparoscopic group. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic splenectomy produced better clinical outcomes than an elective splenectomy for ITP. Also, such laparoscopic methods reduced costs.
Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Platelet Transfusion ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic* ; Spleen ; Splenectomy*

From January 1979 to December 1983, eighty-five patients who had forearm bone fracture were treated by four different methods at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital. The results were as follows: 1. Among 85 patients, 12 patients were radius fractures, 19 patients were ulna fractures, 54 patients were both forearm bone fractures. 2. Closed fractures were 70 patients and the open fractures were 15 patients. 3. The mst common fracture site was middle third of the both radius and ulna. 4. The treatments were closed reduction with cast immobilization, intramedullary nailing or plate and screw fixation. 5. The time required for radiological bone union were shorter in compression plate fixation gmup, than those treated with other fixation device. 6. Functional result was claasified according to the rating system of Smith and Sage. The open reduction and internal fixation group had better results than the conservatively treated group.
Forearm ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Bone ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Orthopedics ; Radius ; Radius Fractures ; Ulna ; Ulna Fractures

We retrospecively analyzed MRI findings of 14 patients with intracranial tuberculosis according to the disease process before anti-tuberculous medication. We also analyzed the correlativity between these findings and the clinical outcome after anti-tuberculous medication in 8 patients who had taken follow-up MR imaging. MR imaging was performed with either a 0.5T(1 patients) or 1.0T(13 patients) superconducting system with spinecho pulse sequences. Abnormalities on MRI were seen in 87%(12/14) of the patients. MRI findings consisted of meningeal enhancement(n=10), parenchymal tuberculoma(n=6), hydrocephalus(n=5), and infarction(n=5). Most of them were found within 3 months from symptom-onset. Parenchymal tuberculomas were found after 1 month of symptom-onset. All cases of hydrocephalus and infarction were associated with meningeal enhancement. On follow-up MRI after anti-tuberculous medication, changes of MR imaging did not correlate with clinical outocome in 4(50%) of 8 patients. Improvement of MRI findings were observed in patient treated for more than 3 weeks. In conclusion, MRI is a good modality in the diagnosis of intracranial tuberculosis, however, the MRI findings are not always correlated with clinical outcome after, anti-tuberculous medication.
Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis*