No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Malformations*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the maintenance of teeth and implants in patients with viral liver disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 316 patients without any significant systemic disease were selected as a control group. Liver disease group was consisted of 230 patients. Necessary data were collected using clinical records and panoramic radiographs. Then, the patients were subdivided into 2 groups based on the type of active dental therapy received before maintenance period (Pre-Tx). Analysis for finding statistically significant difference was performed based on the need for re-treatment of active dental therapy (Re-Tx) and change in the number of teeth (N-teeth) and implants (N-implants). RESULTS: Comparing to control group, the patients with liver disease showed higher value on N-teeth, N-implants, and Re-Tx. Statistically significant differences were found on N-teeth (P=.000) and Re-Tx (P=.000) in patients with non-surgical Pre-Tx. Analysis based on severity of liver disease showed that N-teeth and Re-Tx were directly related to severity of liver disease regardless of received type of Pre-Tx. Significant differences were found on N-teeth (P=.003) and Re-Tx (P=.044) in patients with non-surgical Pre-Tx. CONCLUSION: In this study, it was concluded that liver disease might influence the loss of teeth and cause the relapse of dental disease during maintenance period in patients. A significant positive relationship between tooth and implant loss and severity of liver disease seems to exist.
Humans ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Long-Term Care ; Recurrence ; Stomatognathic Diseases ; Tooth Loss ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the teeth and dental implants during dental maintenance therapy over 3 years in different conditions after periodontal and dental prosthetic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 166 patients received maintenance therapy. 59 patients were treated with 2% minocycline-HCl ointment as local drug delivery (LDD) (L group) and 107 patients were treated without LDD (NL group). Clinical data was collected in maintenance period for evaluation. Patients were classified into groups depending on the application of LDD with maintenance therapy, the type of dental treatment before maintenance period (Pre-Tx), the frequency (F-MT), and regularity (R-MT) of maintenance therapy. RESULTS: The numbers of lost teeth (N-teeth, P=.003) and newly placed dental implants (N-implants, P=.022) are significantly different according to Pre-Tx. F-MT among patients who received surgical dental treatment before maintenance period showed statistical differences in N-teeth (P=.041), but not in N-implants (P=.564). All of the patients in L group showed high F-MT (F-MT1). In NL group, there were no statistical differences in N-teeth or N-implants according to F-MT or R-MT. In F-MT1 group, application of LDD made N-teeth significantly different from both Pre-Tx groups while no significant difference could be found in N-implant. Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were selected for statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: The regular maintenance therapy and LDD can be effective for teeth during maintenance period. It is not only pharmacological efficacy in decreasing bacterial species that makes LDD a useful adjunct. Application of LDD also motivates patients to take adequate check-ups in the aspects of both frequency and regularity.
Dental Implants* ; Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Minocycline ; Tooth Loss ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the teeth and dental implants during dental maintenance therapy over 3 years in different conditions after periodontal and dental prosthetic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 166 patients received maintenance therapy. 59 patients were treated with 2% minocycline-HCl ointment as local drug delivery (LDD) (L group) and 107 patients were treated without LDD (NL group). Clinical data was collected in maintenance period for evaluation. Patients were classified into groups depending on the application of LDD with maintenance therapy, the type of dental treatment before maintenance period (Pre-Tx), the frequency (F-MT), and regularity (R-MT) of maintenance therapy. RESULTS: The numbers of lost teeth (N-teeth, P=.003) and newly placed dental implants (N-implants, P=.022) are significantly different according to Pre-Tx. F-MT among patients who received surgical dental treatment before maintenance period showed statistical differences in N-teeth (P=.041), but not in N-implants (P=.564). All of the patients in L group showed high F-MT (F-MT1). In NL group, there were no statistical differences in N-teeth or N-implants according to F-MT or R-MT. In F-MT1 group, application of LDD made N-teeth significantly different from both Pre-Tx groups while no significant difference could be found in N-implant. Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were selected for statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: The regular maintenance therapy and LDD can be effective for teeth during maintenance period. It is not only pharmacological efficacy in decreasing bacterial species that makes LDD a useful adjunct. Application of LDD also motivates patients to take adequate check-ups in the aspects of both frequency and regularity.
Dental Implants* ; Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Minocycline ; Tooth Loss ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: There are many methods for the evaluation of the renal function. The proximal tubule of the nephrons have a role of reabsorption of the materials such as water, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and small molecular weight protein through the glomerular filtration. Therefore if abnormality is in the proximal tubule, these materials can be changed both in serum & urine. It is very useful to know the normal value of the materials for the age related concentration in serum & urine. METHODS: A study of age related serum & urine calcium, phosphorus, uric acid concentration & Ca/Cr ratio, Cua/Ccr ratio & TRP(tubular reabsorption of phophorus) levels was carried on 178 prematures, neonates, infants & children who were admitted to hallym university hospital from Jul. 1994 through Jan. 1995. RESULTS: The results obtained were as follows, 1)The mean serum calcium levels were the premature 9.8+/-1.3mg/dl, neonate 9.1+/- 1.3mg/dl, 2-12mo 9.8+/-1.2mg/dl, 13-24mo 9.8+/-0.9mg/dl, 25mo-5yr 9.1+/-1.4mg/dl, and 6-15yr 9.2+/-0.8mg/dl. 2)The mean urine calcium levels were the premature 1.0+/-0.8mg/dl, neonate 1.0+/-0.8mg/dl, 2-12mo 2.7+/-1.7mg/dl, 13-24mo 3.0+/-2.2mg/dl, 25mo-5yr 4.1+/-1.9mg/dl, and 6-15yr 4.5+/-2.9mg/dl. 3)The mean serum phosphorus levels were the premature 6.7+/-1.6mg/dl, neonate 6.0 +/-1.3mg/dl, 2-12mo 5.5+/-0.7mg/dl, 13-24mo 5.0+/-0.7mg/dl, 25mo-5yr 4.5+/-0.8mg/dl, and 6-15yr 4.5+/-0.6mg/dl. 4)The mean urine calcium levels were the premature 9.1+/-6.4mg/dl, neonate 10.5+/-7.9mg/dl, 2-12mo 25.9+/-11.2mg/dl, 13-24mo 26.1+/-12.6mg/dl, 25mo-5yr 24.4+/-13.7mg/dl, and 6-15yr 20.3+/-10.7mg/dl. 5)The mean serum uric acid levels were the premature 6.0+/-3.1 mg/dl, neonate 4.7+/-1.4mg/dl, 2-12mo 4.6+/-1.6mg/dl, 13-24mo 4.7+/-1.9mg/dl, 25mo-5yr 4.5+/-1.2mg/dl, and 6-15yr 4.2+/-1.6mg/dl. 6)The mean urine uric acid levels were the premature 27.2+/-18.1mg/dl, neonate 24.3+/-12.8mg/dl, 2-12mo 27.1+/-15.8mg/dl, 13-24mo 27.5+/-14.5mg/dl, 25mo-5yr 28.8+/-14.1 mg/dl, and 6-15yr 26.1+/-9.2mg/dl. 7)The mean levels of the 24hours urine Ca/Cr ratio were the premature 0.1+/-0.08, neonate 0.12+/-0.1, 2-12mo 0.2+/-0.1, 13-24mo 0.2+/-0.1, 25mo-5yr 0.2+/-0.1, and 6-15yr 0.14+/-0.07. 8)The mean levels of the Cua/Ccr(Fractional urate excretion) ratio were premature 83.2+/-115.3%, neonate 19.3+/-41.5%, 2-12mo 19.8+/-9.4%, 13-24mo 19.3+/-13.4%, 25mo-5yr 15.7+/-5.5%, and 6-15yr 16.1+/-4.9%. 9)The mean level of the TRP ratio were premature 88.3+/-8.2%, neonate 111.7+/-129.4%, 2-12mo 84.5+/-8.9%, 13-24mo 85.0+/-9.9%, 25mo-5yrs 86.9+/-7.5, 6-15yrs 89.1+/-6.4%. CONCLUSIONS: This study was performed to understand the develpoment renal function.
Amino Acids ; Calcium ; Child ; Electrolytes ; Filtration ; Glucose ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Molecular Weight ; Nephrons ; Phosphorus* ; Reference Values ; Uric Acid*

Anthocyanins are naturally occuring phytochemicals and the main components of the coloring of plants, flowers and fruits. They are known to elicit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and cancer preventive activity. In this study, we investigated anthocyanins in black / yellow soybean seedcoats using different methods of detection - thin layer chromatography (TLC), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and HPLC analysis. The anthocyanins in soybean seedcoats were extracted by five independent methods of extraction and the aglycons (anthocyanidins) of the corresponding anthocyanins were prepared by acid mediated hydrolysis. The anthocyanin / anthocyanidin in black soybean seedcoat showed characteristic TLC mobility, CZE electrophoretic retention and HPLC migration time while little of anthocyanins were detected from yellow soybean seedcoat. The extracted anthocyanins showed pH dependent retention time in CZE and spectral change in UV-Vis spectrum. HPLC analysis of the hydrolyzed extract of black soybean seedcoat identified the presence of four anthocyanidins. The major anthocyanin in black soybean seedcoat was cyanin (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside), with the relative order of anthocyanidin in cyanidin > delphinidin > petunidin > pelargonidin.
Anthocyanins ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Flowers ; Fruit ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Retention (Psychology) ; Soybeans

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Kidney Diseases* ; Kidney*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To compare the performance of a modified Glasgow Blatchford score (mGBS) to the Glasgow Blatchford score (GBS) and the pre-endoscopic Rockall score (RS) in predicting clinical interventions in Vietnamese patients with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AN-VUGIB). METHODS: A prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted in five tertiary hospitals from May 2013 to February 2014. The mGBS, GBS, and pre-endoscopic RS scores were prospectively calculated for all patients. The accuracy of mGBS was compared with that of GBS and pre-endoscopic RS using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Clinical interventions were defined as blood transfusions, endoscopic or radiological intervention, or surgery. RESULTS: There were 395 patients including 128 (32.4%) needing endoscopic treatment, 117 (29.6%) requiring blood transfusion and two (0.5%) needing surgery. In predicting the need for clinical intervention, the mGBS (AUC, 0.707) performed as well as the GBS (AUC, 0.708; p=0.87) and outperformed the pre-endoscopic RS (AUC, 0.594; p<0.001). However, none of these scores effectively excluded the need for endoscopic intervention at a threshold of 0. CONCLUSIONS: mGBS performed as well as GBS and better than pre-endoscopic RS for predicting clinical interventions in Vietnamese patients with ANVUGIB.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Blood Transfusion ; Cohort Studies* ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies* ; ROC Curve ; Tertiary Care Centers

Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia is commonly seen when performing pediatric endoscopy. But in adults, these findings can imply an underlying gastrointestinal or systemic illness, besides the normal variant. On the other hand, colonic involvement of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is seen in about 5% to 20% of autopsy cases. However, there have been few reports on the colonoscopic appearance that corresponds to colonic involvement by CLL, and the reported colonoscopic appearances have included polyps, ulcers, granularity, submucosal nodules, erythema, the red ring sign etc. We report here on a case of CLL neoplastic lymphocyte involvement of the terminal ileum and colon as a form of lymphoid hyperplasia, and this was seen when performing colonoscopy.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Endoscopy ; Erythema ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Ileum ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Lymphocytes ; Polyps ; Ulcer

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of MeOH extract of the dried fruits of Amomum tsao-ko led to isolation of nine compounds (1 – 9). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D-NMR, as alpinetin (1), naringenin-5-O-methyl ether (2), naringenin (3), hesperetin (4), 2′,4′,6′-trihydroxy-4-methoxy chalcone (5), tsaokoin (6), boesenbergin B (7), 4-hydroxyboesenbergin B (8), and tsaokoarylone (9). Of these, compound 8 was isolated from a natural source for the first time, which was previously reported as a synthetic product. The isolated compounds (1 – 9) were tested for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among them, three chalcone derivatives (compounds 5, 7, and 8) and a diarylheptanoid (compound 9) exhibited significant inhibitory activity on the NO production with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.9 to 22.5 µM.
Amomum ; Chalcone ; Ether ; Fruit ; Macrophages ; Nitric Oxide ; Zingiberaceae