A 46 year old man with unilateral Purtscher's retinopathy is described. On ophthalmic examination he had macular edema and multiple exudates and hemorrhages at the posterior pole of the left eye. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated impaired arteriolar flow, capillary non-per fusion, venous staining, and macular edema. The pathogenesis of Purtscher's retinopathy is unknown. Arterial and venous pressure elevation leading to vascular damage in the nerve fiber layer seems to be the most plausible explanation.
Capillaries ; Exudates and Transudates ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers ; Venous Pressure

PURPOSE: Defecography is a technique of examining the rectum and anal canal by using fluoroscopy during defecation. This study was done to determine the range of normal findings of defecography in young asymptomatic Korean volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine asymptomatic young volunteers underwent defecography. Anorectal angle, perineal descent, length and width of anal, rectocele, rectal intussusception and incontience were evaluated. RESULTS: The range of anorectal angle was 82 degrees-149 degrees in resting state, compared to the 63 degrees -116 degrees in squeezing state, and 95 degrees -116 degrees in straining state respectively. The pelvic floor in straining state descended on average of 1.62cm from the inferior margin of ischial tuberosity that its broad range of position from --5.2cm to 0.8 cm implies a wide variation of anorectal angle and periheal descent. Mild degree of rectocele with less than 2cm of depth was found in 12 out of 29 cases. Rectal intussusception was noted in six and rectal incontinence was seen in one case. Formation of rectocele and intussusception during defecation was common in asymptomatic young volunteers. CONCLUSION: The wide range of defecographic measurements warrants the necessity of other complementary studies on anorectal function to improve the diagnostic accuracy. The interpretation of defecographic measurement should therefore be made with caution and should not be used as the sole criteria for seliction of treatment modality.
Anal Canal ; Defecation ; Defecography ; Fluoroscopy ; Intussusception ; Pelvic Floor ; Rectocele ; Rectum ; Volunteers*

No abstract available.
Pancreatic Pseudocyst*

No abstract available.
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

Residual biliary stone can be effectively treated by nonoperative procedure using steerable catheter andbasket in the recent year. We analysed the 27 cases of residual biliary stone, which were refered to radiologydepartement of Yonsei University during last 2 years, from June 1982 to June 1984. The results as follows; 1. Thelocation of residual stones are extrahepatic in 14 cases (51.9%), intrahepatic in 5 cases(18.5%) and both intraand extrahepatic duct in 8 cases(29.6%). 2. In 13 of 27 cases(48.1%) were required multiple sessions. 3.Fragmentation of stone was done in 16(59.3%) in 27 cases. 4. Success rate in extrahepatic duct is 13 in 14casese(92.6%), intrahepatic duct 3 cases in 5(60%), and both intra and extrahepatic duct 7 in 8 cases(87.5%).Overal success rate in 27 cases is 85.2%
Catheters

Diabetic macular edema is the most frequent cause of visual loss among patients with background diabetic retinopathy. We reviewed 62 cases(39 patients) of diffuse diabetic macular edema which were treated by grid-pattern photocoagulation treatment and followed up for more than 3 months from March 1989 to July 1990. The results were as follows. 1. There was improvement of visual acuity in 13 eyes(21.0%), no changes in 33 eyes(53.2%), and 16 eyes(25.8%) showed worsened visual acuity. 2. There was improvement in the degree of macular edema in 28 eyes(45.7%), no change in 15 eyes(24.2%), and 19 eyes(30.6%) showed a worsened degree of macular edema. 3. Clinical findings having poorer visual prognoses were the presence of foveal exudate, hypertension, preoperative vision worse than 20/100, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Exudates and Transudates ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Light Coagulation* ; Macular Edema* ; Prognosis ; Visual Acuity

Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is a rare disease and usually arises at the limbus and spreads to the cornea, adjacent bulbar conjunctiva and sclera. We experienced two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva. One patient was a 36-year old male with progressive loss of visual acuity and discomfort in the nasal side of the left eyeball for about 7 months. The other patient was a 67-year old male with excessive tearing, recurrent conjunctival injection and elevated mass on inferonasal side of the limbus of the left eye. Excisional biopsy was carried out and histopathologic examination revealed bulbar squamous cell carcinoma in both patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Conjunctiva* ; Cornea ; Humans ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Sclera ; Visual Acuity

Intraocular lens power was calculated from data of axial length, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth in 112 eyes which underwent IOL implant surgery. Postoperative refractions of 112 eyes were analyzed into three groups such as the group of which constant A is 116.2, the group of which constant A is 116.8, and TI-59 system group. The results were as follows; 1. The A constant derived from retrograde analysis in our 112 cases was 116.2. In the cases of the constant A 116.2, error of predicted required spectacle lens power was -0.16D +/- 0.89 in relative average, 0.67D +/- 0.57 in absolute average. Using the standard formula described by Hoffer, the accuracy of IOL power calculation by the constant 116.2 was 76.1% +/- 1.0D / 97.4% +/- 2.0D / +2.42 to -2.11D. 2. The specific constant A of intraocular lenses inserted in our hospital was 116.8. In the cases of the constant A 116.8, error of predicted required spectacle lens power was -0.39D +/- 0.88 in relative average, 0.75D +/- 0.60 in absolute average. Using the standard formula described by Hoffer, the accuracy of IOL power calculated by the constant A 116.8 was 72% +/- 1.0D / 96% +/- 2.0D / +2.34 to -2,50D. 3. In TI-59 system of IOL power calculation, error of predicted required spectacle lens power was -0.12D +/- 1.0D in relative average and 0.75D +/- 0.66 in absolute average. Using the staudard formula described by Hoffer, the accuracy of IOL power calculation in this method was 73% +/- 1.0D / 91.5% +/- 2.0D / +2.77 to -2.31D. 4. There was a significant difference between the error of the A constant 116.2 and that of 116.8(P. 0.05), but wasn't between the error of the A constant 116.2 and that of TI-59 system. 5. In the case of axial length 21mm +/- 0.5, the IOL power calculation by the A constant 116.2 was the most accurate among three groups.
Anterior Chamber ; Lenses, Intraocular*

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the findings of rectal intussusception and to find the other accompanied functional anorectal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed defecograms in 25 patients with rectal intussusception among 77 patients taken with obstructed defecatory symptom. Females were 16 (64%), males were 9 (36%), and the mean age was 55 years old. The changes of anorectal angle (ARA) and movement of anorectal junction were measured, and the morphologic changes of rectal wall during defecation were analyzed. RESULTS: ARAs measured by central axis method (CAM), the mean angles were 114.6, 102.2, and 119.8 degree, respectively in resting, squeezing, and straining period. By posterior wall methods (PWM), those were 86.7, 72.0, 93.3 degree. The differences of ARA between resting and straining period were 5.2, 6.6 degree, respectively by CAM and PWM. The mean descent of anorectal junction during defecation was 0.83 cm. The most frequent finding associated with rectal intussusception was rectocele (12 cases;48%). The other accompanied findings were 9 spastic pelvic floor syndrome (36%) and 4 fecal incontinence (16%). Total 18 patients out of 25 patients were accompanied with other functional anorectal diseases (72%). CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of rectal intussusception with accompanied diseases would be important for the proper treatment planning.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Defecation ; Fecal Incontinence ; Female ; Humans ; Intussusception* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Spasticity ; Pelvic Floor ; Rectocele

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the findings of rectal intussusception and to find the other accompanied functional anorectal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed defecograms in 25 patients with rectal intussusception among 77 patients taken with obstructed defecatory symptom. Females were 16 (64%), males were 9 (36%), and the mean age was 55 years old. The changes of anorectal angle (ARA) and movement of anorectal junction were measured, and the morphologic changes of rectal wall during defecation were analyzed. RESULTS: ARAs measured by central axis method (CAM), the mean angles were 114.6, 102.2, and 119.8 degree, respectively in resting, squeezing, and straining period. By posterior wall methods (PWM), those were 86.7, 72.0, 93.3 degree. The differences of ARA between resting and straining period were 5.2, 6.6 degree, respectively by CAM and PWM. The mean descent of anorectal junction during defecation was 0.83 cm. The most frequent finding associated with rectal intussusception was rectocele (12 cases;48%). The other accompanied findings were 9 spastic pelvic floor syndrome (36%) and 4 fecal incontinence (16%). Total 18 patients out of 25 patients were accompanied with other functional anorectal diseases (72%). CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of rectal intussusception with accompanied diseases would be important for the proper treatment planning.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Defecation ; Fecal Incontinence ; Female ; Humans ; Intussusception* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Spasticity ; Pelvic Floor ; Rectocele