No abstract available.
Common Bile Duct*

Animal models are useful tools to study the molecular basis of schizophrenia pathophysiology and efficacy of potential therapeutic agents. Schizophrenia animal models can be subdivided into three classes ; drug-induced models, genetic models, and environmental models and each model is designed based on specific traits corresponding to the characteristic symptoms of human schizophrenia patients. Psychomotor agitation and sensitivity to psychotomimetic drugs are often thought to reflect positive symptoms. Social interaction deficits and affective impairments are known to correspond to negative symptoms. Also, cognitive symptoms have been linked to the working memory impairments, attention deficits and related cognitive deficits in animals. To analyze such components in quantifiable manners, various behavioral paradigms have been developed and utilized. Here, we overview these animal models, focusing on underlying rationales for their use in the context of schizophrenia research.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Memory, Short-Term ; Models, Animal* ; Models, Genetic ; Neurobehavioral Manifestations ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Schizophrenia*

Traumatic optic neuropathy is one of true ophthalmic emergencies and there is no proven form of treatment for traumatic optic neuropathy. 82 cases of traumatic optic neuropathy were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of high dose corticosteroid for the visual improvement. Age, sex, initial visual acuity, final visual acuity, interval to treatment, the type of trauma and the affected region were studied retrospectively.250 mg of Methylprednisolone was administered intravenously every 6 hours for 3 days, and then followed by tapering using oral prednisone The vision was improved in 36 of 82 cases[43.9%]. It was difficult to interpret the relation-ships between the affected region and visual improvement, the interval for each treatment and final visual acuity. However, the vision was improved in 45 of 50 cases who had an initial visual acuity of above light perception, but in the two of 32 cases with no light perception. If indicated, fifteen cases were treated with a combination of high dose corticosteroid and optic nerve decompression. In initial treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy, high dose corticosteroid was effecive. Whether or not initial visual acuity was better than light perception was a key risk factor in the outcome.
Decompression ; Emergencies ; Methylprednisolone ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Injuries* ; Prednisone ; Risk Factors ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Facial Asymmetry

Synovial sarcoma is an uncommon, highly malignant soft tissue tumor usually arising from the synovial lining of a joint, bursa and tendon sheath. Occurence in muscle fascia is extremely rare. We present a case of synovial sarcoma of the left calf muscle fascia, which was confirmed by microscopically sarcomatous growth of spindle cells and irregular small multiloculation. Above knee amputation was done.
Amputation ; Fascia ; Joints ; Knee ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; Tendons

No abstract available.
Esophageal Neoplasms*

To evaluate factors related to success rate of dacryocystorhinostomy, we retrospectively surveyed 131 eyes about age, sex, symptom duration, etiology, obstruction site, sac size, silicone tube insertion and surgeons learning curve. Patients age, sex, obstruction site and sac size were not related to surgical results, but longer duration of epiphora, trauma, silicone intubation and poor surgical skill had relationship with poor surgical results. Surgical skill was the most important factor in multiple logistic regression. We believe that surgical technique for making a mucosal flap with bone removal etc., was very important to surgical success.
Dacryocystorhinostomy* ; Humans ; Intubation ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Learning Curve ; Logistic Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicones

The authors experienced a case of the monomorphic adenoma of lacrimal gland. Monomorphic adenoma is an extremely rare salivary gland tumor. A fifty eight year old Korean female was admitted to our Dept. of Ophthalmology because of multiple small nodular masses on her right upper eyelid and a large hard solitary mass in the supraorbital area since one year ago. On B-scan ultrasonogtaphy, round echo-free zone was detected in the superiortemporal orbit. Well defined hyperdense, enhanced round extraconal mass in the superiororbital area was detected by orbital CT scan. Two large well encapsulated, dark brown colored masses were extracted by supraorbital approach and lateral orbitotomy under general anesthesia. After removal of the masses, histopathologic examination confirmed the lacrimal monomorphic adenoma.
Adenoma* ; Anesthesia, General ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Ophthalmology ; Orbit ; Salivary Glands ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

45 eyes of 37 adult patients with nasolacrimal duct[NLD]obstruction were treated with silicone tube intubation. Silicone tube was removed between 1 and 12 months[mean 3.96 months]after surgery. After variable follow-up periods of 3 to 23 months[mean 6.82 months], 57.8%showed no epiphora, 28.9% showed intermittent epiphora and 13.3%showed ersistent epiphora. Complications were minimal and did not affect the outcome. We recommend that silicone intubation can be an alternative to dacryocystorhinostomy in selected adult patients. It is safe and less traumatic procedure with relatively high success rate in partial NLD obstruction and total obstruction with recent onset.
Adult ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Nasolacrimal Duct* ; Silicones*

We have retrospectively studied 118 eyes of 91 diabetic patients which underwent cataract surgery and followed up at least 3 months and the postoperative corrected visual acuity compared according to the degree of retinopathy, duration of diabetics and age of the patients The results were as follows: 1. Age distribution of the diabetic patients were 17-85 years old and 6th decade was most frequent group and the percentage of male patients were 64.8% and 82.4% of total patients were over 50 years of age. 2. The postoperative corrected visual acuity above 20/40 according to patient age was 100% in the 3rd decade and 1st decade, 87.5% in the 4th decade, 73.5% in the 5th decade, 80.9% in the 6th decade and 42.8% in the 2nd decade. The postoperative visual acuity was generally better in younger patients. 3. The postoperative corrected visual acutiy above 20/40 according to degree of diabetics was 94.2% in Non Diabetic Retinopathy, 78.5% in Background Diabetic Retinopathy, 11.1% in Proliferative Diabetic Retinophthy. The postoperative corrected visual acuity was worse in severe retinopthy group. 4. The postoperative corrected visual acuity above 20/40 according to duration of diabetics was 94.2% in under 5 years, 83.9% in 10 < -15 years, 56.1% in above 15 years and the result was better in short diabetic duraction group.
Age Distribution ; Cataract* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity