PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare mammography and breast sonography in detection of breast cancer and to suggest reasonable guideline of breast imaging in breast cancer patients under 30 years of age in whom breast cancer shows different clinicopathologic characteristics compared with breast cancer in older women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A. uthors reviewed medical records of 27 patients under 30 years of age with pathologically-proven breast cancer. Age, family history, physical examination findings, indications for breast s0nography were reviewed. Cases in whom breast cancer lesion is detectable and cases in whom not detectable using mammography or breast sonography were reviewed. And then, authors evaluated the usefulness of each method and reasons for nonvisualization of lesion on mammography. RESULTS: Among 27 patients, 25 patients had palpable breast mass as indication of mammography and breast sonography. Cancer lesions were detectable in 16 of 25 patients (64%) on mammography and 24 of 25 patients (96%) on breast ultrasonography. Reasons for nonvisualization of cancer lesions on mammography were dense breast with nodular parenchyma pattern and minimal breast change of ductal carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSION: In breast cancer patients under 30 years of age who have palpable breast mass as a initiaJ, and main clinical problem, breast ultrasonography is superior to mammography in detecting and diagnosing breast cancer. We suggest that guidelines can avoid unnecessary mammography in these patients.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Medical Records ; Physical Examination ; Ultrasonography* ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare mammography and breast sonography in detection of breast cancer and to suggest reasonable guideline of breast imaging in breast cancer patients under 30 years of age in whom breast cancer shows different clinicopathologic characteristics compared with breast cancer in older women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A. uthors reviewed medical records of 27 patients under 30 years of age with pathologically-proven breast cancer. Age, family history, physical examination findings, indications for breast s0nography were reviewed. Cases in whom breast cancer lesion is detectable and cases in whom not detectable using mammography or breast sonography were reviewed. And then, authors evaluated the usefulness of each method and reasons for nonvisualization of lesion on mammography. RESULTS: Among 27 patients, 25 patients had palpable breast mass as indication of mammography and breast sonography. Cancer lesions were detectable in 16 of 25 patients (64%) on mammography and 24 of 25 patients (96%) on breast ultrasonography. Reasons for nonvisualization of cancer lesions on mammography were dense breast with nodular parenchyma pattern and minimal breast change of ductal carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSION: In breast cancer patients under 30 years of age who have palpable breast mass as a initiaJ, and main clinical problem, breast ultrasonography is superior to mammography in detecting and diagnosing breast cancer. We suggest that guidelines can avoid unnecessary mammography in these patients.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Medical Records ; Physical Examination ; Ultrasonography* ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

Conjoined twins occur when there is imcomplete fission of the inner cell mass later at approximately 13 to 15 days after fertilization. The earlist case in the literat.ure appears to be that of the Biddenden Maids who were born in England in 1100. since then over two hundred cases of successful separation were reported on literature. And also successful separation cases were reported by Seung et al.(1991) in Korea. Conjoined twins occur between one in 50,000 to 100,000 births but real incidence is one in 200,000 because two thirds are stillbirth or died immediately after birth. The conjoined twins are not associated with maternal age, race or family history and 70 % of them are females. We experienced a case of conjoined twins with omphalopagus and performed surgical separation. A brief review of related literatures was done.
Animals ; Continental Population Groups ; England ; Female ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Maternal Age ; Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Parturition ; Stillbirth ; Twins, Conjoined*

PURPOSE: The objective of augmentation mammoplasty includes reconstruction and cosmesis after breast surgery Increasing frequency of the procedure has been related with increased complications. Authors evaluated the value of breast MRI in the diagnosis of complications after augmentation mammoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Authors studied 42 breasts of 24 patients, who had undertaken augmentation mammoplasty. We evaluated findings of mammography, ultrasonography, and breast MRI in all patients. We used variable MRI sequences for better evaluation of implant status. The results were compared with the findings in surgical field. RESULTS: In all imaging studies, nodule or mass was indentifiable in the cases of interstitial paraffine injection(8 breasts), interstitial silicon injection(7 breasts), and herb medication(2 breasts). However, the differentitation between malignant and benign nodule was only possible at dynamic breast MRI. Mammogram was not helpful in the evaluation of extracapsular rupture in the cases of silastic bag insertion. In sonogram, identification of echogenic material was possible, although, false negative and false positive rate were high. MRI was able to visualize contour of entire implant and it was able to easily recognize low signal internal structure. CONCLUSION: MRI was the most accurate diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the character of the palpable mass after augmentation mammoplasty and early detection of breast implant rupture.
Breast ; Breast Implants ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mammaplasty* ; Mammography ; Paraffin ; Rupture ; Silicones ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The objective of augmentation mammoplasty includes reconstruction and cosmesis after breast surgery Increasing frequency of the procedure has been related with increased complications. Authors evaluated the value of breast MRI in the diagnosis of complications after augmentation mammoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Authors studied 42 breasts of 24 patients, who had undertaken augmentation mammoplasty. We evaluated findings of mammography, ultrasonography, and breast MRI in all patients. We used variable MRI sequences for better evaluation of implant status. The results were compared with the findings in surgical field. RESULTS: In all imaging studies, nodule or mass was indentifiable in the cases of interstitial paraffine injection(8 breasts), interstitial silicon injection(7 breasts), and herb medication(2 breasts). However, the differentitation between malignant and benign nodule was only possible at dynamic breast MRI. Mammogram was not helpful in the evaluation of extracapsular rupture in the cases of silastic bag insertion. In sonogram, identification of echogenic material was possible, although, false negative and false positive rate were high. MRI was able to visualize contour of entire implant and it was able to easily recognize low signal internal structure. CONCLUSION: MRI was the most accurate diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the character of the palpable mass after augmentation mammoplasty and early detection of breast implant rupture.
Breast ; Breast Implants ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mammaplasty* ; Mammography ; Paraffin ; Rupture ; Silicones ; Ultrasonography

A clinical observation was made on 75 cases of TURP from March 1984 to August 1987 had been studied in the Department of Urology, Eul Ji General Hospital. The results were summarized as follows. 1. TURP was performed in 65 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia and 10 cases of the pro static cancer. Of the 75 cases, blood loss was calculated in 32 cases and change of serum electrolyte was in 42 cases. 2. Weight of resected tissue was 7.1+/-5.8 grams(Mean+/-S.D.). 3. Blood loss during TURP was 317+/-199.2ml. There was a correlation between the total loss and the weight of resected tissue, but the blood loss per gram of resected tissue decreased with the larger glands. 4. Serum sodium concentration was decreased in 24 of the 42 cases and increased in 10 cases and no change in 8 cases. And these change in serum sodium concentration showed no significant correlation with the weight of resected tissue, the amount of irrigating fluid and operation time. 5. Of the 75 patients who had performed TURP, 27(36%) experienced some types of non-fatal complication, the remaining 48(64%) recovered without event. 6. Hypotension during TURP was the most common complication(13.3%). It seemed to be temporary phenomenon due to sympatholytic effect in spinal anesthesia. 7. There was no fatal case in this series.
Anesthesia, Spinal ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Sodium ; Sympatholytics ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urology

No abstract available.
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic*

BACKGROUND: The Wada test is not yet standardized among epilepsy surgery centers, which makes it difficult to dis-cern the differences between its results. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of memory stimulus types in the Wada test and the methods of score measurement of results. METHODS: We examined the Wada test in 59 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who had language dominancy in left hemispheres. They underwent surgical treat-ment and were seizure-free for at least until the 1-year follow up. The Wada test was done on the patients using three different protocols during the presurgical evaluations: 1) protocol A; sixteen cards displaying eight line drawings of common objects and eight words, 13 patients, 2) protocol B; eight line drawings of abstract figures, 14 patients, and 3) protocol C; four line drawings of common objects and four line drawings of abstract figures, 32 patients. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients with RTL (right temporal lobectomy) and 26 patients with LTL (left temporal lobectomy) were not significantly different in demographic and disease characteristics such as age and sex, age at onset, risk factors before 2 years old, epilepsy duration, and Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale- IQ scores. Patients with RTL rec-ognized significantly more words and line drawings of common objects with a right injection than those with a left injection. Patients with LTL recognized significantly more line drawings of abstract figures and common objects fol-lowing a left injection versus a right injection. Correct rates obtained through discriminant function analysis (100% (A), 64% (B) and 84% (C) were higher than that obtained through cutoff criteria (memory asymmetry scores (3)25%: 82% (A), 62% (B) and 56% (C) ). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that line drawings of common objects as Wada memory stimuli are more useful for the lateralization of the epileptogenic hemisphere than line drawings of abstract figures and words. Discriminant function analysis is also a more effective score measurement than cutoff criteria.
Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Memory* ; Risk Factors ; Temporal Lobe*

BACKGROUNDS: To examine the effects of seizure laterality and stimulus type on Wada memory performance in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE). METHODS: The subjects were 43 patients with medically intractable TLE (left TLE 26, Right TLE 17) who had no or rare seizures after surgery. The memory stimuli were concrete figures for some subjects and abstract figures for the other subjects. RESULTS: A clinical criterion of at least 2-points difference between left and right injections correctly classified 31(72%) patients into left and right TLE groups, with 4(9%) patients falsely classified. A discriminant function analysis(DFA) based on left and right injection scores allowed for a correct classification of 37(86%) patients into left and right TLE groups. When the memory stimuli were concrete figures, the correct classification rate was greater for right than left TLE patients. In contrast, with abstract figures, the correct classification rate was greater for left than right TLE patients. CONCLUSIONS: The Wada memory test is a valuable diagnostic aid in lateralizing temporal epileptogenic foci. Stimulus type as well as seizure lateralization is a major determinant of Wada memory asymmetries.
Amobarbital* ; Classification ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; Humans ; Memory* ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe*

From March, 1988 to August, 1989, the authors performed nasolacrimal duct reconstruction with Pyrex glass tube without bony perforation in 26 eyes of 25 patients who has chronic dacryocystitis with nasolacrinal duct obstruction. This method is implantation of permanent indwelling pyrex glasstube from base of the sac through the interosseous canal into the vault of inferior nasal meatus and there are several advantages in this method; The technique is more simple and less traumatic than other dacryocystorhinostomy, tear drainage inferioly prevents pooling of tear in inferior portion of lacrimal sac after surgery, normal anatomic relationships are retained and less postoperative care is required. The results were as follows: 1. Success was achieved in 24 of 26 cases including partial success. 2. Postoperative complications were developed that hypertrophic scar 2 cases, superficial punctate keratitis 1 case, wound infection 1 case, nasal bleeding 1 case.
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Dacryocystitis ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Drainage ; Epistaxis ; Glass* ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Nasolacrimal Duct* ; Postoperative Care ; Postoperative Complications ; Tears ; Wound Infection