Measurements of mitral flow velocity by pulsed Doppler echocardiography are very useful in evaluating left ventricular diastolic filling properties. In hypertensive patients, abnormalities of diastolic function may precede systolic abnormalities and may serve as a more sensitive marker of end organ damage. We estimated left ventricular nass by 2-D echo short axis area-length method and compared with peak mitral flow velocity in early diastole(PFVE)and during atrial systolic(PFVA). There was a significant increase of LV mass and LV mass indices in the hypertensive patients and PFVE/PFVA ratio was decreased in them. Aithough there was no relationship between blood pressure and PFVE/PFVA ratio, a significant relationship was demonstrated between LV mass index and PFVE/PFVA ratio in the hypertensive patients.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Blood Pressure ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results of minimal-tying (one medial-row tie among 4 medial-row sutures) on the medial-row in double-row suture-bridge configuration (2x2 anchor with 4x4 suture stands). METHODS: From 2011 March to 2012 July, 79 patients underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using 2x2 anchor double-row configuration. The mean age was 61.3 years (range, 31-81 years). Two double-loaded suture anchors were used for medial-row. Four medialrow stitches were made with only one medial-row knot-tying (the most anterior suture). Lateral-row was secured using the conventional suture-bridge anchor technique; all 4 strands were used for each anchor. Repair integrity was evaluated with MRI at mean 6.2 months postoperatively. Retear and the pattern of retear, change of fatty infiltration, and muscle atrophy of supraspinatus were evaluated using pre- and postoperative MRI. RESULTS: Repaired tendon integrity was 38 for type I, 30 for type II, 6 for type III, 4 for type IV, and 1 for type V, according to Sugaya classification. Considering type IV/V as retear, the rate was 6.3% (5 out of 79 patients). Medial cuff failure was observed in 4 patients. Fatty atrophy of supraspinatus was significantly improved postoperatively according to Goutallier grading (p=0.01). The level of muscle atrophy of supraspinatus was not changed significantly after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Minimal tying technique with suture configuration of four-by-four strand double-row suture-bridge yielded a lower retear rate (6.3%) in medium to large rotator cuff tears.
Arthroscopy ; Atrophy ; Classification ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscular Atrophy ; Rotator Cuff* ; Shoulder ; Suture Anchors ; Sutures ; Tears* ; Tendons

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between tooth loss and sub-clinical atherosclerosis in Korean adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were part of a cohort study conducted in Ansan city by the Korea University medical school as part of the Korean Genome project. 749 subjects over than 40 years old were evaluated. After taking panoramic radiography, the amount of tooth loss was calculated. The intima-media thickness (IMT) was assessed by using ultrasonography at the common carotid artery. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors for atherosclerosis were also evaluated. The relationship between tooth loss and the IMT was evaluated using ANOVA with Scheffe's multiple comparison method in univariate analysis. Multiple regression analysis was also performed to determine the significance between the IMT and tooth loss. RESULTS: With age, tooth loss increased, but there was no significant increase in other traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Univariate analysis revealed the IMT to be positively related with the amount of tooth loss. Regression analysis of the IMT in the anterior and posterior tooth loss revealed that only the posterior tooth loss was significantly related with the IMT at all sites of the common carotid artery (right far wall, P = .015; left far wall, P = .008; right near wall, P < .001; left near wall, P = .001). CONCLUSION: This study verified the positive relationship between the increased tooth loss at the posterior area and the accumulation of atheroma in arteries.
Adult ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Cohort Studies ; Genome ; Humans ; Korea ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Risk Factors ; Schools, Medical ; Tooth ; Tooth Loss

Purpose: To answer the questions of ambulation dependency for risk of urolithiasis, the urinary lithogenic factors in normal controls were compared with long hospital stay immobilized patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty immobilized patients and twenty normal controls, on usual constant regular diet, were evaluated with 24-hour urine for the excretion rate differences of lithogenic and inhibitory constituents, such as volume, pH, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, oxalate, citrate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and creatinine. The incidence of metabolic abnormalities in the immobilized patients was also evaluated. Results: The immobilized patients showed significantly increased excretions of uric acid, oxalate, sodium, potassium, urine volume, but decreased excretions of citrate and magnesium (p<0.05). No differences were found between the two groups with regard to urinary excretions of calcium, phosphate, creatinine and chloride or in the pH of excretions. The frequent metabolic abnormalities in the immobilized patients were hypomagnesuria (92%), hypocitraturia (86%), hyperoxalaturia (82%), hypernatriuria (44%), hyperuricosuria (16%) and hypercalciuria (12%). Conclusions: These results reveal that hypomagnesuria, hypocitraturia and hyperoxalaturia were the most important risk factors for urolithiasis in the immobilized patients. However, a further controlled prospective study will be needed with regard to the influence of ambulation.
Calcium ; Citric Acid ; Creatinine ; Diet ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypercalciuria ; Immobilization* ; Incidence ; Length of Stay ; Magnesium ; Oxalic Acid ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Risk Factors ; Sodium ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis ; Walking

Kissing aneurysms are the rare type of multiple aneurysms. They are adjacent aneurysms of different origin arteries in the same region, which require great care in diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of kissing aneurysms at the anterior communicating artery (AcomA) which were treated by endovascular coil embolization.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

We report a case of pseudoaneurysm formation after aneurysmal clipping. An aneurysm, which was located on the beginning of orbitofrontal artery, was clipped and wrapped with Surgicel(R) and fibrin glue. Four weeks later, an enlarged aneurysm was detected at the same site on postoperative angiography. We could not find a new aneurysm in the second operation except inflated wrapping region. And clip had been slipped from the original aneurysmal neck. So we concluded that a new aneurysm was a pseudoaneurysm made with surgicel and fibrin glue. And it had been formed from continuous minor leakage caused by slipped clip.
Aneurysm* ; Aneurysm, False* ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Neck

The development of cancer in a pre-existing benign cystic teratoma of the ovary with distant metastasis to the supraclavicular lymph nodes has not been previously reported. We experienced a case of a 28-year-old woman with distant metastasis from small cell cacinoma arising in benign mature cystic teratoma of the ovary to the supraclavicular lymph nodes. The staging laparotomy and total abdominal hysterectomy with both salpingooophorectomy were peformed. There was no metastatic site except the supraclavicular lymph nodes, thereafter adjuvant chemotherapies with bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin have been doing. We report a case of benign cystic teratoma with malignant change and metastasis with the literature.
Adult ; Bleomycin ; Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Cisplatin ; Drug Therapy ; Etoposide ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparotomy ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Ovary* ; Teratoma*

Recurrent iritis and oral/genital ulcers have been described for the first time as a separate pathological entity by the Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Behcet. Behcet disease is a chronic, multi-systemic disorder, which affects many organs as a result of vasculitis. The clinical manifestations are divided into two groups: major (oral ulcers, eye lesions, genital ulcerations, and skin lesions) and minor (arthritis, gastrointestinal lesions, epididymitis, thrombophlebitis, and central nervous system involvement) criteria. The incidence of hearing loss in Behcet disease has been reported as 12% to 80% in several studies. A 37-year-old man diagnosed as Behcet disease was admitted to our department with complaints of profound right hearing loss and dizziness. He was treated with steroid without improvement. After one year, he suffered from complete hearing loss on the left side. A temporal bone CT scan revealed right cochlear ossification. Cochlear implantation was performed within 4 weeks after the completion of steroid therapy in the left cochlea, which was partially obstructed by fibrotic tissue. However, the electrode was fully inserted without resistance. Wound healing complications were not encountered in the postoperative period. The hearing threshold was restored to 30 dBHL, while speech discrimination did not improve as much as expected. We propose that the routine hearing examinations be employed in the evaluation and management of Behcet disease. According to our experience, we find that cochlear implantation should be carried out at an early stage, before the development of labyrinthine ossification.
Adult ; Behcet Syndrome* ; Central Nervous System ; Cochlea ; Cochlear Implantation* ; Cochlear Implants* ; Deafness ; Dizziness ; Electrodes ; Epididymitis ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iritis ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Skin ; Speech Perception ; Temporal Bone ; Thrombophlebitis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ulcer ; Vasculitis ; Wound Healing

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: GJB2 (Connexin 26), the gene of the gap-junction proteins, was found to be the main causative gene of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (DFNB1). Whereas 35delG was known as the major type mutation in the western countries, 235delC was reported as the specific form of mutation in Asian population. The objective of this study is to identify how two mutations (235 delC, E114G) found in the Korean population affect the function of GJB2 using the molecular biology techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 235delC and E114G types of mutations were cloned in the pcDNA3 vector. HeLa cells were transfected with these cloned vectors by the liposome complex method. 1) The expression and subcellular localization of Cx26 were determined using antibodies against amino acid sequences in the intracellular loop (IL) and N-terminal (NT) portions of Cx26. 2) To analyze functions of the GJB2, we examined the lucifer yellow dye transfer between cells with scrape-loaded technique. We used the wild-type (WT) Cx26 of normal hearing as a positive control, and mock cells as a negative control. RESULTS: The immunocytochemical analysis showed that cells transfected with E114G and WT gave characteristic punctuated patterns of reaction in the cell membrane with both antibodies. However, 235delC cells were not stained with the anti-IL antibody but only with the anti-NT antibody slightly around the nucleus regions. In the functional study of GJB2, transfer of lucifer yellow dye into contiguous cells was detected in E114G but not in 235delC. CONCLUSION: The 235delC type of mutation showed loss of their targeting activity on the cell membrane. As a result, the function of gap junction channels were severely deteriorated. With the E114G type mutation, we didn't find any difference when compared with the WT transfected cells. Above data indicate that types of GJB2 mutation are closely related to the status of hearing loss due to altered function of gap junction protein.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cell Membrane ; Clone Cells ; Connexins ; Gap Junctions* ; Hearing Loss* ; Hearing* ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Liposomes ; Molecular Biology

Clinical observarions were done on 616 cases of cerebrovasculae accidents treated as inpatients at the Sung-Sim hospital, Chung-Ang university over a period of 8 years, from January, 1981 to Agust, 1988. The results were as follows; 1) Of 616 cases of cerebrovascular accidents, cerebral hemorrhage was presented in 56.82%, cerebral thrombosis in 28.57%, subarachnoid hemorrhage in 12.66%, cerebral embolism in 1.95%. 2) The ratio of male to female was 1.01:1. 3) The cerebrovascular accidents were most common in the sixth decade and followed by the fifth and fourth in turn. 4) The seasonal incidence was in order of frequency of Spring, Winter, Autumn and Summer. 5) Among disease preceding the onset of cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension was noted at 75% in cases of cerebral hemorrhge, 61% in cerebral thrombosis and 73% in subarachnoid hemorrhge. 6) The mean duration of underlying hypertension was 13.7 years in cerebral emorrhge, 15.3 years in cerebral thrombosis, 12.2 years in subarachnoid hemorrhage and 14.8 years in cerebral embolism. 7) Major precipitating factor in cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage was thought to be physical activity, whereas cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism frequently occured during sleeping or resting state. 8) The mean cholesterol level were 204.1mg% in cerebral hemorrhage, 214.9mg% in cerebral thrombosis, 211.7mg% in subaraachnoid hemorrhage and 217.0mg% in cerebral embolism. 9) The mortality rate was 12.2% in total, 16.6% in cerebral hemorrhage 2.3% in cerebral thrombosis, 15.45 in subarachnoid hemorrhage and 25% in cerebral embolism.
Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Intracranial Embolism ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; Male ; Mortality ; Motor Activity ; Precipitating Factors ; Seasons ; Stroke* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage