A rate com;lication of hysterectomy is complete prolapse and inversion of vagina. This can occur whether the hysterectomy was abdominal or vaginal and cystocele and/or enterocele is often associated with this condition. Traditionally, prolapse has been treated by surgery, the types of operation for prolapse are generally but not always, carried out through the vaginal rather than through the abdominal surgical route. We experienced five cases who had repair of posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse by transabdominal sacral colpopexy and report with brief review of literatures.
Cystocele ; Hernia ; Hysterectomy* ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse* ; Prolapse ; Vagina

No abstract available.
Lower Extremity ; Saphenous Vein

The aqueous bumor makes an important role to maintain intraocular pressure. The production and outflow of aqueous humor controls the intraocular pressure. The accurate understanding of the pathway of aqueous outflow and the rate of outflow is essential to the study of glaucoma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pathway of aqueous outflow after injection of dye into the anterior chamber, the duration of staining and the degree of delay of aqueous outflow after the use of viscoelastics. Three dyes. Gentian Violet, Methylene Blue and Viscoelastics mixed with Gentian Violer were injected into the anterior chambers of 20 eyes of 10 rabbits. The eyes were enucleated at 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour, 4 hour after injection of Gentian Violer and Methylene Blue. After injiection of viscoelastics mixed with Gentian violet, the eyes were enucleated at 2 hour, 4 hour, 6 hour, 8 hour, and 9 hour. The enucleated eyes were performed for frozen section and the fragments were observed by light microscopee. Gentian violet and Merhylene Blue were stained in the pathway of the pectinate ligaments, trabecular meshwork, intrascleral plexus and the pathway of the capillary network of iris and suprachoroidal space. The disappearance of injected dye was ended between 3 hour and 4 hour. And the viscoelastics mixed with dye was removed between 8 hour and 9 hour. This means that viscoelastics make the outflow of aqueous delay.
Anterior Chamber* ; Aqueous Humor* ; Capillaries ; Coloring Agents ; Frozen Sections ; Gentian Violet ; Gentiana ; Glaucoma ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Ligaments ; Methylene Blue ; Rabbits ; Trabecular Meshwork

Multiple involvement of arterial fibromuscular dysplasia is unusal and such a case is quite limited in the literature. We present a case of multiple arterial fibromuscular dysplasia with aneurysm formation in a 38-year-old non-hypertensive man. Angiographic study showed multiple aneurysmal dilatations of the right renal, superior mesenteric, celiac axis, and left colic arteries. The resected right kidney demonstrated an aneurysm of the main renal artery and extensive infarction in the midportion of the renal parenchyma. The segmentally resected superior mesenteric artery disclosed a similar nature of aneurysm occluded by recent thrombi. Microscopically, all the resected arterial walls showed both intimal and medial fibroplasia together with periadventitial fibrosis resulting in marked narrowing of the lumen and subsequent thrombus formation.

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Polychondritis, Relapsing*

No abstract available.
Polychondritis, Relapsing*

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare form of hereditary angioedema characterized by a triad of orofacial swelling, relapsing facial paralysis, and a fissured tongue. However, the classic triad is not frequently seen in its complete form, and monosymptomatic or oligosymptomatic forms are more common. Case: A 20-year-old man presented with recurrent labial swelling 9 months ago and recently with a fissured tongue. The surface of the tongue showed deep furrows characteristic of lingua plicata, and an edematous enlargement was observed on the lower lips. Upon neurologic examination, a left sided facial palsy of a peripheral type was noted without abnormalities in the taste sense or lacrimation. An electromyography of the left frontal muscle showed positive sharp waves and fibrillation potentials. Biopsies performed on the lower lips revealed the congested vessels and perivascular inflammatory cells. We report a 20-year-old man with a classical triad of symptoms of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome.
Angioedemas, Hereditary ; Biopsy ; Electromyography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Lip ; Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome* ; Neurologic Examination ; Tongue ; Tongue, Fissured ; Young Adult

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare, autosomal recessive lipid-storage disease with abnormal deposition of cholesterol and cholestanol in multiple tissues. The disease is caused by mutations in the sterol 27-hydroxylase and characterized by tendon xanthoma, premature cataracts and various neurological manifestations in the central and peripheral nervous systems. A 47-year-old man presented with unsteadiness of gait and weakness on extremities. He had a bilateral cataract extraction at the age of 30 years. Physical examination revealed bilateral elongated mass on Achilles tendons. On neurologic examination, dysarthria, spastic quadriparesis and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes were noted. Surgical excisional biopsy of Achilles tendon revealed a crystalline clefts surrounded by many multinucle-ated giant cells. A moderate degree of cerebral and cerebellar cortical atrophy and focal high signal intensities in sub-cortical white matter were noted on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Serum cholestanol was elevated (22 Mg/ml ; normal <2 Mg/ml), while serum cholesterol was normal (186 mg/dl ; normal <250 mg/dl). With clinical, radiologi-cal and biochemical findings, we confirmed a rare case of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.
Achilles Tendon ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase ; Cholestanol ; Cholesterol ; Crystallins ; Dysarthria ; Extremities ; Gait ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Peripheral Nervous System ; Physical Examination ; Quadriplegia ; Reflex, Stretch ; Tendons ; Xanthomatosis ; Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous*

We retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiologic findings of 19 patients who had been diagnosed as epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland histopathologically after biopsy and surgery at Shinchon Severance Hospital from April, 1991 to July, 1998 and evaluated their correlation to the pathologic diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. There were 7 men and 12 women with the mean age of 41.0+/-13.3 years. Histopathologically, there were 7 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 1 case of adenocarcinoma, 1 case of malignant mixed tumor, 9 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, and 1 case of benign oncocytoma. In comparison with benign epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, the characteristic clinical findings of malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland were pain, limitation of motion, and diplopia[44.4%]. The mean duration of the symptoms of malignant epithelial tumor was shorter[10.3+/-6.6 months] than that of benign epithelial tumor[19.5+/-14.4 months]. In radiologic CT and MRI findings, there were characteristic bony destructions in malignant epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland[55.6%] compared with benign tumors and poorly marginated outline of the tumor was noted in malignant tumors[44.4%] but not in benign tumors. Therefore, clinical and radiologic findings of epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland were well correlated with the pathologic diagnosis and would attribute to early diagnosis of malignant tumors.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mixed Tumor, Malignant ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies