BACKGROUND: To compare the diagnostic value between Phalen's test and reverse Phalen's test using a morphological change of the median nerve and the carpal tunnel in diabetics and normal controls seen by high-resolution ultrasonography and to research on an ultrasonography as an available tool for the screening and follow up aid-test of the carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS). METHODS: A cross-sectional area and a flattening ratio of the median nerve, and a cross-sectional area of the carpal tunnel were measured in neutral, maximally flexed(Phalen's test), and maximally extended (reverse Phalen's test) positions in 59 wrists of 30 normal controls and 60 wrists of 30 diabetics. RESULTS: 1) In controls and diabetics, the mean cross-sectional area of median nerve at the hamatum were 8.8/10.2 mm2, 8.0/9.5 mm2, 8.3/9.4 mm2, the mean flattening ratio were 3.0/3.0 mm2, 2.4/2.0 mm2, 3.2/3.0 mm2, the mean cross-sectional area of carpal tunnel were 176.5/197.7 mm2, 157.9/187.0 mm2, 170.6/192.5 mm2 in neutral, maximal flexion and maximal extension. 2) In controls, the cross-sectional area of median nerve and carpal tunnel were significantly decreased in maximal flexion(p<0.01), and in maximal extension(p<0.01). 3) In controls, the mean flattening ratio of median nerve was revealed significant change in maximal flexion(p<0.01), and in maximal extension(p<0.01). 4) In diabetics, the flattening ratio was significantly decreased in maximal flexion(p<0.01) with com- paring to neutral position. 5) In diabetics, the cross-sectional area of median nerve and carpal tunnel were significantly increased in all positions(p<0.05), and the mean flattening ratio of median nerve was similar to controls. CONCLUSION: In diabetics, increased cross-sectional area of median nerve can be explained by swelling of median nerve, also increased cross-sectional area of carpal tunnel is can be said to have taken place by the decreasing of the useful space in between the median nerve and carpal tunnel, this show that the diabetics have the high risk of the CTS. Phalen's test reveals higher degree of irritation to median nerve, The high-resolution ultrasonography is suggested as an available tool for the screening and follow up aid-test for the CTS
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Follow-Up Studies ; Mass Screening ; Median Nerve* ; Ultrasonography ; Wrist*

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Spinal Stenosis*

No abstract available.
Intestinal Atresia*

The deletion 9p syndrome is a well characterized syndrome with about one hundred cases having been reported. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, cardiac anomalies, and mental retardation. We report on a female infant with micrognathia, corneal opacity, cleft palace, cardiac anomaly, left polycystic kidney, and deletion 9p. Chromosome analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed her to have a derived chromosome 9 inherited from a maternal t(9;16) (p22;p13.2) by adjacent I segregation There are few reports of this particular chromosome rearrangement. We review deletion Sp syndrome.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Corneal Opacity ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases

No abstract available.
Audiometry*

Seidel nail is one of locked humeral nail and Seidel himself reported excellent result in his preliminary report using his nail. But our early experience showed disappointing result with high rate of complications, So we reviewed our 16 cases of humeral shaft fracture with polytrauma treated with Seidel nail and studied anatomical fitness of the nail within the distal medullary space using CT scan. The most frequent complication was intraoperative fracture of the proximal humerus < 4 cases> and this seemed to be due to lateral placement of pilot hole. There were 3 cases of nonunion and these cases showed insufficient distal anchorage, either primarily or postoperatively. Anatomical fitness study showed insufficient spreading of nail flanges in 5 cases of distal canal width below 9mm and nonunion cases were in this group. Other problems of Seidel nail were technical difficulties due to occasionally incorrect proximal targeting device and frequent breakage of adaptor screw. Study of more cases may be needed to confirm the design problem of Seidel nail.
Humerus ; Multiple Trauma ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Parovarian cysts constitute 10% of adnexal masses. They were found in broad ligament and mostly arise from mesothelium and less commonly from paramesonephric element and rarely from mesonephric element. In most cases parovarian cysts were asymptomatic. So, they were found incidentally at surgery for other conditions. Torsion is infrequent and it is difficult to distinguish it from torsion of other adnexal masses, appendicitis, etc. Recently, we experienced a voluminous parovarian cyst undergoing torsion, 25 cm in diameter. The case is presented with a review of literature.
Appendicitis ; Broad Ligament ; Epithelium ; Female ; Parovarian Cyst*

Pigmented squamous cell carcinoma is a very rare malignant, pigmented, epidermal tumor. The rarity of pigmented squamous cell carcinomas may reflect in part their misdiagnosis as other pigmented neoplasms, particularly malignant melanoma. To our knowledge, only five cases have been reported in literature. We recently experienced a case of pigmented squamous cell carcinoma arising from pigmented actinic keratosis in a 77 years old female. Physical examination showed a 0.8 0.6 cm, smooth, dark brown pigmented patch with irregular but sharply defined borders located on the upper left chest. The biopsy specimen showed histologic findings of pigmented actinic keratosis with abundant melanin pigments, which became pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. Most of pigments in the squamous cell carcinoma were contained within the melanocytes along with the neoplastic squamous cells.
Actins* ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Keratosis, Actinic* ; Melanins ; Melanocytes ; Melanoma ; Physical Examination ; Skin ; Thorax

For evaluating the change of strength of extraocular muscle after strabismus surgery, ten rabbits had been performed resection of lateral rectus muscle in right eye and recession of lateral rectus muscle in left eye, and then performed EMG(electromyography). We performed EMG before surgery, at immediate post-op,after 1 day,1,2,3,4,6,8 weeks. In case of resection of lateral rectus muscle, EMG value increased at immediate post-op then stabilized after 6 weeks. In case of recession of lateral rectus muscle, EMG value decreased at immediate post-op, then stabo; ozed after 6 weeks. Therefore, EMG is the useful method in evaluating the change of strength of EOM. Especially, during 6 weeks after surgery is the important peeriod for follow-up.
Electromyography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Rabbits ; Strabismus

No abstract available.