PURPOSE: There are few rigorous studies about the side effects of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) according to age. This study is to analyze differences of the side effects of AEDs in epileptic children according to age. METHODS: Sample are 368 children who had received AEDs for at least 1 month during January 1995 to June 1999. We reviewed their medical records including age, sex, AEDs and side effects, and analyzed these data by X2-test. RESULTS: Side effects were observed in 86(23.4%) of 368 patients. There was no difference in the frequency of overall side effects according to age. But significant differences existed in each side effect(p<0.05). The most common side effect according to age were hematologic side effect(75.0%) under 2 months, gastro intestinal side effect(41.7%) between 2 months and 1 year, CNS side effect(42.1%) between 1 year and 5 years, CNS side effect(41.5%) over 5 years. Hepatotoxicity, the increase of AST/ALT due to valproate, occurred significantly more frequently in children younger than 2 years(p<0.05). Drug eruption and post-carbamazepine leukopenia had no differences according to age. Under 1 year, valproate group had significantly more side effects in CNS. But carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and vigabatrin groups had no differences. CONCLUSION: There was significant difference in the side effects of AEDs among each system according to age. It is recommended to use valproate as monotherapy in children younger than 2 years, and pay more attention to CNS side effect in children older than 1 year.
Anticonvulsants* ; Carbamazepine ; Child* ; Drug Eruptions ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; Medical Records ; Phenobarbital ; Valproic Acid ; Vigabatrin

No abstract available.

A case of dysplasia eplphyseaalis hemlmelica (Fairbank, 1956) in a 8 years old boy, showlng typical clinical and roentgenographical appearance, is reported together wlth a brief review of literature in this paper. This condition is a rare developmental disorder of childhood in which there is a asymmetrical cartilaginous overgrowth of one or more than one epiphysis, or of a tarsal or carpal bone. Thls disorder is usually Iimited to elther the medial or lateral half of a single extremity. The disease is characterised radiographically by delay in the appearance of the epiphyseal nucleus, which is mottied and of irregular density. The most common deformities were genu valgum or varum and valgus or equinus deformity of the ankle. These deformities tended to increased wlth growth but the size of the lesion increased in proportion to the growth of the normal bone. Concomitant involvement of the knee and ankle is the rule, and in those cases the affected limb Is usually longer than Its mate. The lesion Is often microscopically indistingulshable from an osteochondroma.
Ankle ; Carpal Bones ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epiphyses ; Equinus Deformity ; Extremities ; Genu Valgum ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Osteochondroma

No abstract available.
Chungcheongnam-do* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Sex Ratio*

No abstract available.
Female ; Labor, Induced* ; Pregnancy*

The authors retrospectively reviewed the high resolution computed tomographic scans of 19 patients who had hematogenous or lymphangitic metastatic lung lesions. In all patients, the histologic diagnosis for primary cancers and the radiographic manifestations of pulmonary metastasis were established. Certain characteristic findings of metastatic lung tumors on HRCT scans were evident: uneven thickening of bronchovascular bundles, multiple small nodules, thickening of interlobular septum, and the presence of polygonal lines. The nodules are more predominent in hematogenous metastasis. The prevalent site of nodules is cortical portion of lung.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) tends to increase the risk of developing motor neurologic sequelae, delayed cognitive development, visual impairment, and epilepsy. Although several developmental screening test methods are being used, one of the oldest and best known developmental screening test was restandardized and revised as Denver Development Screening Test II(Denver II). The objective of this study is to analyse the correlation between the degree of PVL on MRI and the results of Denver II. METHODS: Among the children brought into Pusan National University Hospital between January 1996 and August 1999 with developmental delay, all of the 36 children with PVL on MRI were selected for the study. Denver II was checked in all these patients for screening of developmental delay with the review of medical records. Depending on the grade of PVL, total sample was classified into three groups, and it was based on abnormally increased signal intensity in periventricualr white matter or a reduced amount of periventricular white matter or both, and compensatory focal ventricular enlargement. We analysed the relationship of the grade of PVL and the results of Denver II. RESULTS: The 36 total patients were composed of 22 boys and 14 girls, with the age distribution between 11 to 72 months and the mean of 34.4 months. Delayed occurrence of gross motor sector were 5 cases(44.4%) in group 1, 16 cases(80.0%) in group 2, 7 cases(100.0%) in group 3. Incidence of delay was significantly higher in the high grade PVL group. Delayed rate of other sectors(fine motor-adaptive, personal-social) were higher in the high grade PVL group. But it was not statistically significant. Delayed rate of language sector has no correlation with grade of PVL on MRI. CONCLUSION: Incidence of dealy of gross motor sector was significantly higher in the high grade PVL group. However, language sector has no correlation with grade of PVL on MRI.
Age Distribution ; Brain* ; Busan ; Child ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mass Screening* ; Medical Records ; Vision Disorders

No abstract available.
Abdomen, Acute* ; Aged* ; Geriatrics* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of vigabatrin and valproic acid add-on therapy in the treatment of uncontrolled partial-onset seizures through randomized active controlled parallel-group trial. METHODS: Criteria for entry included a requirement for three or more partial seizures per month despite the blood level of carbamazepine was within therapeutic range. During the 56-day baseline period, patients had at least 6 partial onset seizures. Vigabatrin or valproic acid were administered as the second drug in a randomized fashion. RESULTS: Forty one patients completed the trial(21 for vigabatrin, 20 for valproic acid). There is no statistically significant difference in age, age at onset, baseline seizure frequency, dose of carbamazepine, and serum level of carbamazepine between two groups. Two patients of vigabatrin-treated group and three patients of valproic acid treated group were dropped out because of side effects. The mean vigabatrin and valproic acid does were 2809 and 1490 mg, respectively. The percentage of patients achieving at least a 50% reduction in seizure frequency at the end of 8-week of add-on trial was 62% among vigabatrin-treated patients and was 50% for patients who received valproic acid(not statistically different). There was no significant difference in seizure reduction, percent seizure reduction, and truncated percent seizure reduction between two groups. The side effects were mild and transient neurotoxic symptoms in the patients who completed the trial(5 patients for vigabatrin, 10 patients for valproic acid). CONCLUSIONS: This trial indicates that vigabatrin and valproic acid are safe and effective in the treatment of intractable partial-onset seizures. The efficacy of vigabatrin as a new add-on antiepileptic drug is comparable to the previous valproic acid carbamazepine combination in the sense of seizure reduction and maybe even superior to that in the consideration of side effects
Carbamazepine* ; Humans ; Seizures* ; Valproic Acid* ; Vigabatrin*

Chondroid syringoma is a rare primary skin tumor arising from eccrine sweat gland. In 1982, Nasse had found a primary skin tumor having similar morphology as in the mixed tumor of the salivary glands. In 1961, Hirsch and Helwig proposed more descriptive diagnostic term, "Choindroid syringma". The authors experienced two cases of chondroid syringma. The first case was a 47 year old male patient who had had a subcutaneous nodule in the right forehead for two months. It was a well circumscribed mass, that showed tan gray myxoid cut surface with firm consistency. Microscopically, it was a wel diagnosed as chondroid syringoma with tubular, branching lumina. The second case was a 51 year old female patient who had had a subcutaneous nodule in the left forehead for 3 months. It was well circumscribed, ad easily shelled out. It had a typical microscopic features of chondroid syringoma with small, tubular lumina.
Female ; Male ; Humans