No abstract available.
Humans ; Knee*

We retrospectively analyzed 40 adrenalectomies due to 13 cases of primary aldosteronism, 12 cases of Cushing's syndrome and 15 cases of pheochromocytoma, which were performed at Chungnam National University Hospital during the last 10 years. Of the 25 patients who presented with adrenal cortical tumors(primary aldosteronism and Cushing's syndrome), 23 had an adenoma and two had cortical hyperplasia. The overall ratio of males to females was 2:1. As to the age distribution, primary aldosteronism was predominant in the 4th and the 5th decades and Cushing's syndrome; in the 3rd and the 4th decades; however, pheochromocytoma was almost evenly distributed in 2nd through the 6th decades. Headaches, fatigue, and general weakness were the most frequent symptoms in primary aldosteronism; weight gain or a change in fat distribution in Cushing's syndrome; and headaches or blurred vision related to hypertension and palpitation in pheochromocytoma. Postoperative complications mostly occurred in patients with Cushing's syndrome: There were four wound infections, including one abdominal abscess, one pleurisy, one cerebral and cerebellar infaction, and two intestinal obstructions, but there were no postoperative deaths.
Abdominal Abscess ; Adenoma ; Adrenalectomy ; Age Distribution ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cushing Syndrome ; Fatigue ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Male ; Pheochromocytoma ; Pleurisy ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Weight Gain ; Wound Infection

We retrospectively analyzed 40 adrenalectomies due to 13 cases of primary aldosteronism, 12 cases of Cushing's syndrome and 15 cases of pheochromocytoma, which were performed at Chungnam National University Hospital during the last 10 years. Of the 25 patients who presented with adrenal cortical tumors(primary aldosteronism and Cushing's syndrome), 23 had an adenoma and two had cortical hyperplasia. The overall ratio of males to females was 2:1. As to the age distribution, primary aldosteronism was predominant in the 4th and the 5th decades and Cushing's syndrome; in the 3rd and the 4th decades; however, pheochromocytoma was almost evenly distributed in 2nd through the 6th decades. Headaches, fatigue, and general weakness were the most frequent symptoms in primary aldosteronism; weight gain or a change in fat distribution in Cushing's syndrome; and headaches or blurred vision related to hypertension and palpitation in pheochromocytoma. Postoperative complications mostly occurred in patients with Cushing's syndrome: There were four wound infections, including one abdominal abscess, one pleurisy, one cerebral and cerebellar infaction, and two intestinal obstructions, but there were no postoperative deaths.
Abdominal Abscess ; Adenoma ; Adrenalectomy ; Age Distribution ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cushing Syndrome ; Fatigue ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Male ; Pheochromocytoma ; Pleurisy ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Weight Gain ; Wound Infection

We evaluated median value and lower confidence limit of total serum IgE level in each age group of 1,493 pure atopic dermatitis patient without respiratory atopic diseases. The results were as follows . 1. The median value of total serum IgE level of each age group in patients with atopic dermatitis distributed from 56.5 IU/@Ll to 660It.J/C. The distributions of the median value of total serum IgE levels of total patients with atopic dermatitis, total male patients with atopic dermatitis, and total female patients with atopic dermatitis were 185 IU/C, 220 IUj'@C, and 165 IUj'C. There was no statistical significance of median value of total serum IgE level between mole patients and female patients. 2. The 95% and 99% lower confidence limit(one-sided) of total serum IgE level of ea.ch age group in patients with atopic dermatitis distributed from 32.6 IU /n4 to 287IU/v4 and from 31 IU/m0 to 202 IU4. The 95% lower confidence limit (one-sided) of total serum IgE level of total patients with atopic dermatitis, tatal male patients with atopic dermatitis, and. total female patients with atopic dermatitis were 170 II.J/m0, 185 IU,m/l, and 133 IUm/l. The 99% lower confidence limit.(one-sided) of total serum IgE level of total patient with atopic dermatitis, total male patient with atopic dermatitis, and total female patients with atopic dermatitis were 165 IU/ml, 180 IU/ml, and 125 IU/ml.
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Male

The superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome was first described by Brown(1950). The essential feature is a limitation of elevation in adduction caused by a short or inadequately mobile anterior segment of the superior oblique tendon and its sheath, which restricted passive elevation in the fully adducted position. Brown has subdivided the entity into true and simulated Brown's syndrome. True Brown's syndrome may be typical or atypical. Typically, there is no significant co-existing limitation of the homolateral superior rectus muscle; atypically there is a significant limitation. Numerous surgical techniques have been advocated to treat Brown's syndrome. Of these, a tenectomy of the homolateral superior oblique has emerged as the most effective method. The authors experienced two cases of Brown's syndrome, one is typical in 5 year old male patient, the other is atypical in 27 year old male patient. Excellent result was obtained in typical Brown's syndrome who underwent a tenectomy of the superior oblique, including the sheath.
Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Tendons

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Hysterectomy*

No abstract available.
Bacteriolysis* ; Galactose* ; Lipopolysaccharides* ; Salmonella typhi* ; Salmonella*

OBJECTIVE: Applications to extract medical information from electronic medical records(EMRs) confront some serious obstacles such as spelling errors, ambiguous abbreviations, and unrecognizable words. Those obstacles hinder the process of finding medical entities, relations, and events. We present an efficient EMR refinement system for the purpose of medical information extraction from EMRs, not just for traditional text error correction. METHODS: The EMR refinement system has been designed and implemented through following steps: 1) Build domain constrained dictionary database, 2) Correct spelling errors in Korean-English EMR documents, 3) Resolve ambiguous abbreviations in the bilingual documents. The resulting EMR documents are now machine readable and can be applied to various applications including information extraction. RESULT: Precision rate of the refinement system for spelling error correction is 80.4% and for disambiguating abbreviations/acronyms is 94.7%. CONCLUSION: We developed an EMR refinement system to correct spelling errors and resolve ambiguous abbreviations as well as unrecognizable words. Our system can enhance the reliability of medical records and contribute to develop further application systems in the field of text mining and information extraction.
Data Mining ; Electronic Health Records ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Medical Records

Tourniquet is usually used for total knee arthroplasty to provide s bloodless surgical field. However, there is a possibility that sustained inflation of tourniquet can cause hypertension, while deflation can cause hypotension. In 31 patients who received total knee artroplasty under spinal anesthesia in Seoul National University Hospital, we examined the changes of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) (1) before induction (2) just before inflation of tourniquet, (3) at 10 minutes after inflation of it, and (4) just before deflation of tourniquet. We also checked (5) the maximsl change of SBP and HR within 5 minutes after deflation of it. The results were as follows: 1) As time went, inflation did not bring any remarkable change of SBP and HR. 2) SBP decreased by 19 mmHg (p < 0.05) after release of tourniquet. But HR did not change significantly. In conclusion, it is suggested that we have to pay special attention to the patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty operation under spinal anesthesia, because tourniquet deflation might cause significant lowering of blood pressure.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Arthroplasty* ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypotension ; Inflation, Economic ; Knee* ; Seoul ; Tourniquets* ; Vital Signs*

Since the introduction in 1996 of the novel antipsychotic risperidone in Korea, clinical experiences with this agent for the treatment of schizophrenia have been accumulated. This article attempts to review the published literature on clinical effects of risperidone in Korean patients with schizophrenic disorder. All available clinical articles by Korean authors or involving Korean patients were searched through electronic databases (KISEP and KMBASE) or manually. Retrieved articles were primarily written in Korean and were of several types (original article, case report, review and tutorial), and addressed various issues:efficacy, safety and tolerance, quality of life and subjective well-being, pharmacoeconomics, optimal dose and titration rate, etc. The main results are as follows. Many clinical trials to date have shown that risperidone is an effective antipsychotic agent in the treatment of positive and negative symptoms, with a milder side effect profile, in particular much less EPS than haloperidol. The effects were favorable even in chronic or treatment-resistent patients. It appears to have additional effects on quality of life and subjective well-being. Preliminary evidence suggested that risperidone may improve some types of cognitive function. Weight gain was a major problem although the weight increase was less severe than that seen with clozapine and olanzapine. Some experimental studies demonstrated prolactin elevation in patients treated with risperidone;however, clinical significance of hyperprolactinemia was unclear. Various specific cases of adverse events were reported during risperidone therapy, including new onset of manic symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, stuttering, premature ventricular contraction and hepatotoxicity;however, the numbers of cases were very few, the causal relationship was not clear in some cases, and there were no fatalities or life threatening events. At present the medication costs for risperidone are much greater than those for conventional drugs. However, risperidone therapy may be associated with substantial cost benefits, when total health service costs and quality of life were taken together into account. The target dose found to be effective was lower than the originally proposed target dose of 6 mg/day. A slower titration was also found to be preferable. Taken together, in spite of lacking in randomized controlled clinical trials and long term studies, Korean literature on risperidone use for schizophrenia provides valuable information to clinicans regarding the effective use of risperidone. Risperidone should be a first line drug for the treatment of Korean patients with schizophrenic disorder.
Clozapine ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Haloperidol ; Health Services ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Korea ; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ; Prolactin ; Quality of Life ; Risperidone* ; Schizophrenia* ; Stuttering ; Ventricular Premature Complexes ; Weight Gain