Ketalar, a new parenteral anesthetic, was used as a clinical trial for 14 surgical cases ranged from 2 to 15 year old children, and also intraocular pressures of their patient's sound eyes were measured before and after Ketalar injection, I.M. 5-10 mg/kg. Unlike conventional anesthetic agents, Ketalar caused a significant rise in intraocular pressure within 5 minutes and then the pressure improved to normal range about 15 minutes after Ketalar injection. Ketalar could not recommended as a general anethetic agent in case who should examine the intraocular pressure. In eye surgery under 15 year old children, this agent would be a safe and effective general anesthetic, and in an emergent eye injured case, Ketalar is an agent of first choice and can injects to patient regardless of diet intake.
Adolescent ; Anesthetics ; Child* ; Diet ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Ketamine* ; Reference Values

In search of the effect of air pollution on the eye, the authors examined ocular symptoms and diseases in both an urban(Seoul) and two rural populations (Suwon and Changsung). The Prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and diseases between 109 occupational drivers of more than 3 years career in Seoul area which is one of the air polluted urban areas and 150 populations in the two different rural areas as a control group were compared. The prevalence rate of ocular symptoms was 89% in Seoul, 10% in Suwon and 23% in Changsung area, and those of ocular diseases were 35%, 6% and 10% in the same areas, respectively. The prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and diseases is respectively 3 to 4 times more prevalent in occupational drivers than in the control groups. Many other etiologic factors such as occupation, labor condition, environmental stress or different way of living may influence the prevalence rate between the two groups, however, it would be presumed that the main causative factor to cause ocular symptoms and diseases is probably due to air pollution.
Air Pollution ; Gyeonggi-do ; Occupations ; Prevalence* ; Rural Population* ; Seoul

Authore examined for the width, the trabecular pigment band and the iris process of the chamber angle in the non-glaucomatous eyes of the Korean people (total 86 eyes, among (them male 58 eyes, female 28 eyes, and ages of 7-67) by using the 3 mirror contact lens and slit-lamp (Goldmann 900). And these findings were evaluated with the age and the sex distribution. Also these preliminary data are now assisting in the study of pathologic findings of the chamber angle.
Female ; Humans ; Iris ; Male ; Sex Distribution

Authors experienced five different cases of keratitis such as metaherpetic keratitis, bullous keratitis, chemical keratitis and superficial punctate keratitis have been markedly improved by subconjunctival injection of Tathion (30-50mg), a glutathion prepartion. All cases showed remarkable improvement with better visual acuity following the treatment. Especially it was another choice of treatment in persisting case of metaherpetic keratitis with parenchymal infiltration. No side effects have been observed during this procedure.
Keratitis* ; Visual Acuity

The authors analysed statistically 223 cases of the eye injuries among 17,547 out-patients who visited to our clinic located at down-town of the city during Jan. 1965 to Sept. 1967. The incidence of the eye injuries is remarkably lower than the other reports from other communities. As far as the objects of eye injuries were concerned, ironpiece, fist and coal-dust were more frequent in 21~40 year-age group, while in under 10 year age group, knife, nail and finger-tip were more frequent. Male was exceedingly prevalent (162) than female (61). 21~30 year age group was also prevalent in regard to the incidence of the injuries.
Eye Injuries* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Outpatients*

The permeability in vitro of rabbit corneal epithelium alone and whole cornea to four radioactive substances of various molecular weights-tritiated water (THO: molecular weight 22), mannitol (molecular weight 182), inulin(molecular weight 5,175), and dextran(molecular weight 77,500)-was directly measured by using a newly designed lucite chamber (Fig.1) and a proportional counter system for radioisotope experiments. The permeability of the corneal epithelium and the whole cornea varied with the size of molecular weight (Fig.4) and curvilineally with respect to molecular radius (Fig.5). Certainly the data (Table 2 and 3) support that the greater part of non-electrolyte permeation was through intercellular spaces passively. The epithelial or whole corneal permeability fell markedly as the molecular weight increased from 22 to 5,175. Above the molecular size of inulin, the permeability decreased much as the molecular weight increased. Generally, tritiated water permeability was about 150 times greater than that of mannitol and about 2,000 times than that of inulin and about 10,000 times than that of dextran. The difference between the permeability of the epithelium alone and that of the whole cornea was not noticed. Futhermore, the permeability, either of epithelium alone or the whole cornea, did not vary significantly depending upon the location of the hot side with any of the four kinds of isotope-labelled solutes, whether it was set at the epithelial or endothelial side of the corneal membrane (P>0.1). These results may support that the epithelial layer plays a main role as a physical barrier for nonelectrolyte solutes movement across the rabbit cornea.
Cornea* ; Dextrans ; Epithelium ; Epithelium, Corneal* ; Extracellular Space ; Inulin ; Mannitol ; Membranes ; Molecular Weight ; Permeability* ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Radius ; Water

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the effect of shift work on diurnal blood pressure (BP) pattern in nurses. Method: We studied 20 healthy nurses engaged in 3 shift work. 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring was performed to each nurse two times during the day and night shift. Five nurses were excluded because of inadequate BP measurement. RESULTS: All subjects were female. The mean age was 27.4 years (range: 23?33 years) and mean body mass index was 19.7 Kg/m2 (range: 18.0-21.2 Kg/m2). The changes of systolic BP (17.8+/-9.1 vs. 13.2+/- 4.7%, p=0.031), diastolic BP (22.3+/-8.7 vs. 17.3+/-9.0%, p=0.061), and heart rate (25.2+/- 5.2 vs. 12.5+/-8.7%, p=0.001) during the sleeping period were decreased after a night shift compared with day shift. The non-dipper group significantly increased from 20% to 40% after a night shift (p=0.018). CONCLUSION: Working night shift is significantly associated with non-dipper status in nurses.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Body Mass Index ; Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the effect of shift work on diurnal blood pressure (BP) pattern in nurses. Method: We studied 20 healthy nurses engaged in 3 shift work. 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring was performed to each nurse two times during the day and night shift. Five nurses were excluded because of inadequate BP measurement. RESULTS: All subjects were female. The mean age was 27.4 years (range: 23?33 years) and mean body mass index was 19.7 Kg/m2 (range: 18.0-21.2 Kg/m2). The changes of systolic BP (17.8+/-9.1 vs. 13.2+/- 4.7%, p=0.031), diastolic BP (22.3+/-8.7 vs. 17.3+/-9.0%, p=0.061), and heart rate (25.2+/- 5.2 vs. 12.5+/-8.7%, p=0.001) during the sleeping period were decreased after a night shift compared with day shift. The non-dipper group significantly increased from 20% to 40% after a night shift (p=0.018). CONCLUSION: Working night shift is significantly associated with non-dipper status in nurses.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Body Mass Index ; Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans

The permeability of rabbit corneal endothelium stored at 4 degrees C in M-K medium for period of 3, 5, 9 and 14 days to radioactive sucrose(molecular weight 360), inulin (molecular weight 5,200), and dextran (morecular weight 82,400) was measured. The corneal endothelium stored in M-K medium up to 14 days was examined with light and electron microscope. The endothelial permeability to non-electrolytes was decreased according to the molecular weight of these increased. The permeability of fresh cornea to suerose was about 4 times greater than to inulin and 50 times than to dextran, but in M-K medium stored groups the permeability to sucrose was about 2.5 times greater than to inulin and 36 times than to dextran. The permeability of M-K medium preserved cornea for 14 days was significantly different from that of fresh corneal endothelium. The light and electron microscopic findings of 3, 5 and 9 days stored corneal endothelium were almost normal except of early changes of mitochondria, but in the 14 days-stored groups there were marked degenerative change of cytoplasm and nucleus were noted.
Cornea ; Cytoplasm ; Dextrans ; Endothelium, Corneal* ; Inulin ; Mitochondria ; Molecular Weight ; Permeability* ; Sucrose

During the last one year. 23 selected cases of various glaucomatous eyes were received trabeculectom y ab extemo (5 X 3mm scleral-flap with a large peripheral iridectomy and only two scleral-flap corners sutures) under surgical microscope. Success cases which were controlled ocular tension to normal are 21 eyes(91.3%) out of total 23 glaucomatous eyes. Especially, all 11 eyes of simple open angle glaucoma were obtained excellent normotension after trabeculectomy, But one case of absolute glaucoma was failed because of vitreous prolapse, and another failed case was in group of acute closed glaucoma due to surgical complication of total hyphema(Table 1, 2).
Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iridectomy ; Prolapse ; Trabeculectomy*