The experiment was performed to investigate changes of maternal immune status during the pregnancy. We observed the distribution of several immune cells [macrophage, activated B-cell, IgM+ B-cell, Lyt-2+ T-cell and L3T4+ T-cells] in the utero-placental interface and the peripheral blood of Balb/c mice. The experimental animals were divided into seven groups by the gestational ages ; virgin, 2nd, 5th, 8th, 10th, 14th and 19th day of pregnancy. In the utero-placental interface, the distribution patterns of the lymphocytes [both T and B] and macrophages were observed. Histochemical staining by naphthol-AS-MX phosphate sodium salt was used for the detection of activated B-cells. For the detection of macrophage, plasma cell, suppressor cell and helper cell, all the prepared samples reacted with Rat anti-mouse Mac-1, goat anti-mouse IgM, rat anti-Lyt2 and rat anti-L3T4 antibody first, and washed. Second reaction was done with biotinylated anti-rat or anti-mouse IgG anti-bodies, and washed. Avidin-biotin -peroxidase complex and 3, 3`-diamino-benzidine[DAB] were used for the visualization of specific cells. T-cells and B-cells were not observed during the all stages of pregnancy. By contrast, macrophages were observed a few at the perimetrium on the second day of gestation, and they were found at the outermost portion of the trophoblastic layer on the 8th day, and they were observed at the decidua basalis in late pregnancy after the 10th day when the placenta were well developed. In the peripheral blood, activated B-cells were not observed throughout the pregnancy. On the 8th day, the proportion of plasma cells to total mononuclear cells was decreased significantly to 16+/-2.4% compared with the virgin group[22+/-2.6%][p<0.01]. It increased again and it reached 42+/-5.8% on the 14th day and 37+/-4.9% on the 19th day. Helper T-cells were decreased on the 14th day[30+/-2.4%] compared with the normal control[47+/-5.1%]. But, Suppressor T-cells were increased on the 8th day[35+/-2.9%] and the 10th day[33+/-3.6%] compared with the normal controls[27+/-2.3%]. This decrement returned to the level of the normal controls on the 14th day and 19th day. Together with our previous data, we could find the synchronized changes of immune cells in utero-placental interface, uterus draining lymph nodes, peripheral blood and spleen. Therefore, we suggest that macrophages in utero-placental interface may play an important role for the immune responses against the fetal transplantation antigen.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Decidua ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Goats ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages* ; Mice* ; Placenta ; Plasma Cells ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sodium ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; Trophoblasts ; Uterus

To investigate the effect of tumor removal and administration of OK432 on the splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity in the subcutaneous tumor bearing rats, NK cell activity assay using a 4-hour 51Cr release assay and flow cytometric analysis for NK cell population were performed. The results were as follows: 1. Splenic NK cell activity and population in the subcutaneous tumor bearing rats decreased along with the growth of the tumor. 2. The rats with subcutaneous tumor removal showed decrease of splenic NK cell activity, but splenic NK cell population was not decreased. 3. In the rats with subcutaneous tumor removal and OK432 administration, splenic NK cell activity was significantly increased 1 week after administration of OK432 and then gradually returned to normal, whereas increase of NK cell population was not significant. In the present study, splenic NK cell activity was significantly decreased despite removal of subcutaneous tumor. But with the administration of OK432, splenic NK cell activity returned to normal. Considering the role of NK cells on the first line of defense against the metastatic implantation of circulating tumor emboli, we suggest that perioperative administration of immunopotentiator such as OK432 may improve the patient's outcome after surgery of human neoplasm.
Animals ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; Picibanil* ; Rats* ; Spleen

Dermoid cysts develop from sequestration of epithelium along lines of embryonic fusion.The most common locations are the lateral third of the eyebrows, nose, and scalp. These cysts are located in the subcutis; they are often adherent to periosteum, and may invade or erode underlying bane. A 34-year-old female presented with a solitary, skin colored, dome-shaped, child fistsized, subcutaneous mass on her right occiput. At operation, keratinous material was discharged and tufts of hair projected from opening of the cyst wall.The base of the cyst was firmly adherent to periosteum and diffuse depression with focal deep erosions of the outer table of skull was found.
Adult ; Child ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Depression ; Dermoid Cyst* ; Epithelium ; Eyebrows ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Nose ; Periosteum ; Scalp ; Skin ; Skull*

We retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiologic findings of 19 patients who had been diagnosed as epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland histopathologically after biopsy and surgery at Shinchon Severance Hospital from April, 1991 to July, 1998 and evaluated their correlation to the pathologic diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. There were 7 men and 12 women with the mean age of 41.0+/-13.3 years. Histopathologically, there were 7 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 1 case of adenocarcinoma, 1 case of malignant mixed tumor, 9 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, and 1 case of benign oncocytoma. In comparison with benign epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, the characteristic clinical findings of malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland were pain, limitation of motion, and diplopia[44.4%]. The mean duration of the symptoms of malignant epithelial tumor was shorter[10.3+/-6.6 months] than that of benign epithelial tumor[19.5+/-14.4 months]. In radiologic CT and MRI findings, there were characteristic bony destructions in malignant epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland[55.6%] compared with benign tumors and poorly marginated outline of the tumor was noted in malignant tumors[44.4%] but not in benign tumors. Therefore, clinical and radiologic findings of epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland were well correlated with the pathologic diagnosis and would attribute to early diagnosis of malignant tumors.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mixed Tumor, Malignant ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

In the correction of congenital blepharoptosis, there are banked fascia lata, silicone band or rod, palmaris longus tendon, Gore-Tex, Mersilene, Supramid and etc. used for frontalis suspension. A retrospective study on the results and recurrences of 63 patients[79 eyes] who were diagnosed as congenital blepharoptosis and received frontalis suspension with Supramid Extra II(r) from Jan.1994 to Dec.1998. was done. The patients were consisted of 36 males and 27 females and the average age at the time of operation was 18 months[3.5 months~58 months]. The postoperative results were satisfactory in all the patients, yet recurrence was found in 26 patients between 4.5 months and 56 months after surgery. The results of 48 patients who could be followed up for over a year showed a 52%[25 patients] recurrence rate with a mean follow-up time of 41.3 months. The mean recurrence time was 30.7 months after operation. The use of Supramid Extra II(r) in frontalis suspension has benefit such as easy availability and favorable handling characteristics, but due to its high recurrence rate, it prompts the need for patient education and a follow-up period of over 4 years.
Blepharoptosis* ; Fascia Lata ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Nylons* ; Patient Education as Topic ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicones ; Tendons

To investigate results of treatment with essential blepharospasm, patients were evaluated by results of treatment with botulinum toxin A and myectomy operation. Seventy patients of the essential blepharospasm who received local injection of botulinum toxin or orbicularis muscle extirpative surgery were evaluated according to results and complications of the treatment modality over a 7-year period. Fifty-six patients[80%] were primarily treated with botulinum toxin and 14 patients[20%] underwent myectomy operation as the primary treatment. Of the 56 patients, 8[14.3%] were treated later with myectomy operation. In botulinum toxin treatment, the mean subjective improvement was found in 89.2% of the patients, and the mean effective durations of essential blepharospasm were 12.7 weeks. Severity and frequency grades in eyelid spasm were significantly lower after injection[P=.000]. Tearing, dry eye, and headche were the most frequent complications and ptosis was observed in 2 cases[2.0%]. In the orbicularis myectomy operation, 13 patients[59.1%] were carried out through a brow incisions, 1[4.5%] through a blepharoplasty incisions, and 8[36.4%] through both. Fourteen patients[63.6%] had acceptable control of blepharospasm throughout follow-up after the upper lid orbicularis stripping procedure alone. We believe that botulinum toxin is the treatment of first choice because of its higher acceptance rate. Surgery is reserved for botulinum toxin failure. In otherwise fit patients, myectomy is the treatment of first choice.
Blepharoplasty ; Blepharospasm* ; Botulinum Toxins* ; Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Spasm

Dural shunts are vascular communications in which blood flows through small meningeal branches of the carotid arteries to enter the venous circulation near the cavernous sinus. The clinical characteristics of 13 eyes[12 patients] with dural cavernous sinus fistula are described. Of these patients, 84.6%[11 eyes]were women with dilated conjunctival and episcler-al vessels, exophthalmos, retinal hemorrhage and venous engorgement, elevation of intraocular pressure, swelling of lid and orbital area, limited eye movement and diplopia, and bruit, in order of frequency. Decreased vision had occurred in only 1 eye, due to central retinal vein obstruction during follow-up periods after embolization. CT or MRI scan showed the enlargement of the extraocular muscle and superior ophthalmic vein. Two eyes had resolved spontaneously. Ten eyes of dural cavernous sinus fistula had the resolution of clinical symptoms after carotid angiography with embolization. The complications after embolization had occurred in one eye with transient sensory deficit of face.
Angiography ; Carotid Arteries ; Cavernous Sinus* ; Diplopia ; Exophthalmos ; Eye Movements ; Female ; Fistula* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Intraocular Pressure ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orbit ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Vein ; Veins

To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of dacryoscintigraphy, we examined Hones dye test and dacryoscintigraphy in 24 eyes of 18 patients who were suspected to have junctional block in lacrimal drainage system. Among 18 eyes that were negative to Jones I dye test, 3 showed punctal stenosis and 6 typical pattern of lax lid and 2 partial obsturction of nasolacrimal duct on dacryoscintigraphy. In evaluation of lacrimal drainage system, physiological aspect is as important as anatomical information since lacrimal pumping action of lid and tear flow as well as the patency of lacrimal passage contribute to the lacrimal drainage. Compared to Jones dye test, dacryoscintigraphy is more useful with certain advantages : It gives less discomfort to patients, provides anatomical information and does not depend on examiner`s skills.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Drainage* ; Humans ; Nasolacrimal Duct

We report two cases of malignant lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue arising in the conjunctiva. Case 1, an 18-year-old girl, showed her left lower conjunctival swelling for four months and Case 2, a 29-year-old man, showed similar lesions on both his eyes for one year. Histologically, both cases revealed monomorphous dense lymphoid infiltrates invading the overlying conjunctival epithelium with diffuse patterns. The infiltrates were composed of small lymphocytes admixed with centrocyte-like cells within the conjunctival epithelium and stroma in association with B-cell lineage. No relapse was noted during the period of about 1½ years follow-up in case 1 treated by local excision only and in the follow-up period of 2 months in case 2 treated by local excision and subsequent chemotherapy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; B-Lymphocytes ; Conjunctiva* ; Drug Therapy ; Epithelium ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoid Tissue* ; Lymphoma* ; Recurrence

No abstract available.