No abstract available.

Authors reviewed 53 infantile esotropia patients in 218 patients who had undergone surgery for esotropia from January, 1986 to March, 1988. Of 53 patients, male were 29(54.7%) and female were 24(45.3%). Age when first seen by us ranged from 6 months to 12 years and 4 months. Patients with age below 2 years old were 28(52.7%). 32 patients(60.4%) had alternate fixation and 21 patients(39.6%) had monocular fixation. Angle of deviation over 35 prism diopters was found in 41 patients(77.4%). By cycloplegic refraction, of 106 eyes, 81 eyes(76.4%) were low hyperopes(plano - +3.0D). Associated clinical findings were inferior oblique overactions in 37 patients(69.8%), dissociated vertical divergences in 18 patients(34.0%), latent nystagmus in 3 patients(5.7%), superior oblique overaction in 1 patient(1.9%). The monocular recession and resection was performed as an initial surgical procedure. If a second procedure was required, same procedure was performed in the fellow eye. In the patients with inferior oblique overaction, inferior oblique myectomy was performed. Mean age at the time of operation was 4 years and 2 months. After surgery, of 53 patients, 45 patients were followed up for 6 months or over. Of 45 patients, postoperative angle within 10 prism diopters of orthophoria was found in 16(35.6%) after initial operation and in 33(73.3%) after reoperation. In patients with large angle of esodeviation(greater than 40 prism diopters), 6mm recession seemed to provide better results than 5mm recession after initial recess-resect procedure.
Child, Preschool ; Esotropia* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reoperation

Under the postulation that the double Ruiz procedure could increase the effect of radial keratotomy (RK), RK combined with horizontal and vertical Ruiz procedure was performed in three groups of 22 rabbit eyes. In the group A of six eyes, RK with vertical Ruiz procedure was performed, and eight weeks later horizontal Ruiz procedure was added. In the group B of eight eyes, RK with horizontal Ruiz procedure was performed, and four weeks later vertical Ruiz procedure was added. In the group C of eight eyes, RK with horizontal and vertical Ruiz procedure was performed simultaneously. As a control, in the group D of eight eyes, RK without Ruiz procedure performed. Changes in keratometry for four weeks and eight weeks postoperatively were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. At eight weeks postoperatively, mean changes in keratometry were 6.434D, 3.663D, 4.030D and 1.585D in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. 2. Mean changes in keratometry of groups A, B and C were significantly higher than that of group D. 3. Mean changes in keratometry of 6.434D in group A was significantly the highest of the three groups in which double Ruiz procedure was performed. For the above results, it was concluded that double Ruiz procedure increased the effect of RK, and the procedure was more effective when the secondary Ruiz procedure was added eight weeks later.
Animals ; Astigmatism ; Cornea/*pathology/physiopathology ; Keratotomy, Radial/adverse effects/*methods ; Rabbits ; Time Factors

INTRODUCTION: In traditional society, the roles of housewives were to do housework, to look after her children and to give her family emotional stability. With rapid social and economic change, the traditional sense of value changes and the concepts of sexual roles, too. However, they are in a transition period yet. These discord and tension followed by role change appeared as the form of psychological instability or social pathological problem in modern family. Thus, this study aimed to avaluate the effect of employment on depression of housewives who play importent roles in family and their commumity. METHODS: From May to July 1996, the questonnaires were distributed to 179 housewives who have university education background(including community college), and have one or more children and live in Bundang-Ku of Sungnam city, making a distinction between working housewives and nonworking housewives. Regarding the subjects of this study, the non-working housewives are restricted to full-time housewives who have no job, and working housewives who have full-time job. As tools of measurement, we used BDI questionnaires consisted of 15 items in Korean. We performed statistical analysis among the data by means of SPSS/PC+. We analyzed statistical data for significance using one-way ANOVA and analyzed categorical data for significance using S-test. RESULTS: The average score on BDI for working housewives was 12.22(standard deviation 7.42) and this is rather higher than that of non-working housewives(10.80, standard deviation : 7.42). But the number of children increased, the BDI score were higher significantly in both groups. And the BDI score was high in working Housewives groups whose husbands had professional job or dommerce job, whose family system is a multi-generation family, and who feel a lot of fatigue after work. In case of non-working housewives, the BDI score was high with age(especially between 50-59), duration of marriage, lower income and Duvalls family life cycle 6, 7. CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in depression tendency between working housewives and nonworking housewives. But in case of working housewives, some factors have influence on their depression tendency, the number of children, husbands job, family type, degree of fatigue after work. And in case of non-working housewives, the factors are the number of children, age, duration of marriage, income, family life cycle.
Child ; Depression* ; Education ; Employment ; Fatigue ; Gyeonggi-do ; Housekeeping ; Humans ; Marriage ; Seoul* ; Spouses ; Surveys and Questionnaires

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the changes in serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. We studied 37 patients who had normal liver and kidney functions and who did not have the perioperative acute myocardial infarction. After measuring total serum LDH and isoenzyme 1 to 5, and seum CK and isoenzyme CK-MB, we compared pastoperative values to preoperative value. We also calculated the ratio of LD1 to LD2 (LD1 /LD2). Total LDH increased for postoperative 0 day, 1 day, 2 day, and 4 day. LD1, LD2 LD3 and LD4, increased for postoperative 0 day, 1 day, and 2 day, but LD5 increased for 0 day and 1 day. Total CK increased for 0 day, 1 day, and 2 day, but CK-MB did not increase postoperatively. LD1/LD2 increased at posoperative 2 day. Among the total 113 samples, the number of the cases of LD1/LD2 > 1 is 12.
Coronary Artery Bypass ; Creatine Kinase* ; Creatine* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Myocardial Infarction ; Oxidoreductases* ; Retrospective Studies

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Dental magnetic materials have been applied to removable prosthetic appliances, maxillofacial prostheses, obturator and dental implant but they still have some problems such as low corrosion resistance in oral environments. PURPOSE: To increase the corrosion resistance of dental magnetic materials, surfaces of Sm-Co and Nd-Fe-B based magnetic materials were plated with TiN and sealed with stainless steels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surfaces of Sm-Co and Nd-Fe-B based magnetic materials were plated with TiN and sealed with stainless steels, and then three kinds of electrochemical corrosion test were performed in 0.9% NaCl solution; potentiodynamic, potentiostatic, and electrochemical impedance test. From this study, corrosion behavior, amount of elements released, mean average surface roughness values, the changing of retention force, and magnetic force values were measured comparing with control group of non-coated magnetic materials. RESULTS: The values of surface roughness of TiN coated Sm-Co and TiN coated Nd-Fe-B based magnetic materials were lower than those of non coated Sm-Co and Nd-Fe-B alloy. From results of potentiodynamic test, the passive current density of TiN coated Sm-Co alloy were smaller than those of TiN coated Nd-Fe-B alloy and non coated alloys in 0.9% NaCl solution. From results of potentiostatic and electrochemical impedance test, the surface stability of the TiN coated Sm-Co alloy was more drastically increased than that of the TiN coated Nd-Fe-B alloy and non-coated alloy. The retention and magnetic force after and before corrosion test did not change in the case of TiN coated magnetic alloy sealed with stainless steel. CONCLUSION: It is considered that the corrosion problem and improvement for surface stability of dental magnetic materials could be solved by ion plating with TiN on the surface of dental magnetic materials and by sealing with stainless steels.
Alloys ; Corrosion ; Dental Implants ; Dentistry* ; Electric Impedance ; Maxillofacial Prosthesis ; Stainless Steel ; Tin

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to detect the levels of M30-antigens as a biomarker of apoptosis in cells and their culture media after treatments with anticancer drugs as a preclinical study. METHODS: After HeLa and OVCAR-3 cells were treated respectively with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and camptothecin, the harvested cells were stained sequentially with M30 monoclonal antibodies and propidium iodide (PI). Afterwards, they were analyzed using a FACScan flow cytometer and observed under an immunofluorescence microscope for M30-FITC immunofluorescences. Levels of M30 antigens were also detected in their culture media using M30-Apoptosense ELISA kit. RESULTS: The levels of M30-FITC immunofluorescences were elevated in both cell lines after each drug treatments compared with those of control cells. The levels of M30 antigens detected by ELISA in media culturing each cell line treated with each of drugs were elevated compared with those of control cells. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that M30-antigens representing chemotherapy induced apoptosis may be a useful biomarker for predicting and monitoring the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gynecologic cancers.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Apoptosis ; Camptothecin ; Cell Line ; Cisplatin ; Culture Media ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Paclitaxel ; Propidium

Aspergillosis is defined to include any infection caused by a species of Aspergillus. Aspergillosis is a granulomatous, necrotizing. and cavitary disease of lung, often with hematogenous spread to other organs such as brain. kidney, heart, spleen. intestine, skin, and bone. Aspergillosis is becoming increasingly vulnerable to patients with malignant disease and to patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy and antibiotics for a wide range of illness. We present a case of this disease involved the right kidney without lung.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aspergillosis* ; Aspergillus ; Brain ; Heart ; Humans ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Lung ; Skin ; Spleen

Acrodysostosis is an extremely rare disorder characterized by short fingers and toes with peripheral dysostosis, nasal hypoplasia, and mental retardation. We report a 16-year-old Korean boy with acrodysostosis who had characteristic clinical features and cervical spine stenosis manifested by neurologic symptoms. On presentation, he complained of difficulty in raising his arms, and suffered from intermittent pain and weakness in both upper extremities. He had short stature and dysmorphic facial features, including a broad, depressed nasal bridge, small, upturned nose, bilateral epicanthal folds, and mild hypertelorism. Moderate mental retardation and sensorineural hearing loss in both ears were also present. Radiological findings included broad, short metacarpals and phalanges with cone-shaped epiphyses, bilateral Madelung deformities, hypertrophied first metatarsals, and thickening of the calvarium. Magnetic resonance imaging findings included stenosis of the cervical spine, platybasia with compression into the cervicomedullary junction, and downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils. Here, we report a case of acrodysostosis with symptoms and signs of cervical spinal stenosis first in Korea. If it is diagnosed in the early stages, possible life-threatening complications, including spinal canal stenosis, can be managed properly and permanent neurologic sequelae might be avoided. Therefore, it is important to consider acrodysostosis in the differential diagnosis of peripheral dysostosis.
Adolescent ; Arm ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Dysostoses ; Ear ; Epiphyses ; Fingers ; Growth Disorders ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Metacarpal Bones ; Metatarsal Bones ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Nose ; Osteochondrodysplasias ; Palatine Tonsil ; Platybasia ; Skull ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Toes ; Upper Extremity

We performed L1 posterior vertebral columnar resection and posterior correction for Andersson's lesion and thoracolumbar kyphosis in an ankylosing spondylitis patient during motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring. We checked MEP intra-operatively, whenever a dangerous procedure for neural elements was performed, and no abnormal findings were seen during surgery. After the operation, we examined neurologic function in the recovery room; the patient showed a progressive neurologic deficit and no response to MEP. After emergency neural exploration and decompression surgery, the neurologic deficit was recovered. We questioned whether to acknowledge the results of this case as a false negative. We think the possible reason for this result may be delayed development of paralysis. So, we recommend that MEP monitoring should be performed not only after important operative steps but also after all steps, including skin suturing, for final confirmation.
Decompression ; Emergencies ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paralysis ; Skin ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing