PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of obesity and management behaviors of obese adolescents and their families in Korea. METHOD: Nine adolescents with moderate-degree obesity and of four their mothers of them were investigated using semi-structured interviews. RESULT: The perceptions of obesity was classified into four domains and obesity management behaviors was classified into three domains. The domains regarding the perceptions of obesity include definitions of obesity(a danger signal of health status, deviation status, symbols of growth), causes of obesity(out of balance), opinions about their obesity(contempt, negative preconception, superiority) and changes on thought and attitudes owing to obesity(shrinkage, repulsion, sustaining losses, decreased activity, decreased self-confidence, defensive behaviors). The domains regarding obesity management behaviors include attitude about the management of obesity(not having priority, optimistic view, ardent wish), management behaviors for correcting obesity(encouraging physical activity, control of diet, gathering information, trial of diet control), attitudes about performing the management behaviors for correcting obesity(inconsistency, non-autonomy, conflict). CONCLUSION: This study helps to enhance the understanding of the perception of obesity and management behaviors of obese adolescents and their families. Futhermore, based on this understanding, effective and appropriate heath management programs can be planned and conducted.
Adolescent* ; Diet ; Humans ; Korea* ; Methods ; Mothers ; Motor Activity ; Obesity*

An immunohistochemical study on the tissue localization of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), human placental lactogen (HPL), and human pregnancy specific bata-1 glycoprotein (SP-1) in the non-neoplastic (5 incomplete abortion, 5 ectopic pregnancy) and neoplastic (hydatidiform mole 3 cases, 5 ectopic pregnancy) and neoplastic (hydatidiform mole 3 cases, choriocarcinoma 2 cases) gestational status, and germ cell tumors of the ovary (dysgerminoma 2 cases, immature teratoma 1 case) and the testis (seminoma 2 cases, endodermal sinus tumor 1 case) by means of sensitive peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The results were as follows. 1) Cytoplasmic HCG, HPL, and SP-1 were readily identified in syncytiotrophoblasts of chorionic villi of the incomplete abortion and ectopic pregnancy, as moderate to strong positive reactions. In the cytoplasm of the neoplastic syncytiotrophblasts of hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma, positive reactions were stronger than in non-neoplastic syncytiotrophblasts. but the cytotrophoblasts and villous stromal cells showed negative reactions to these hormones. 2) All of the tumor cells of dysgerminoma and immature teratoma of the ovary, and seminoma and endodermal sinus tumor of the testis showed negative reactions to HCG, HPL, and SP-1. According to these results, HCG, HPL, and SP-1 are specifically synthesized and secreted by normal or neoplastic syncytiotrophoblasts Malignant tumors originated from other cells or tissues than trophoblastic cells show elevated serum concentration of these hormones are only evident in the presence of syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells among the tumor cells.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

INTRODUCTION: Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) has become an important means for postoperative analgesia with parenteral opioid, but postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a major problem using a PCA system. The present study was designed to assess the antiemetic effectiveness of droperidol in patients using an intravenous PCA during the first 24 hours after surgery. METHODS: For the postoperative analgesia, 80 patients underwent orthopedic surgery were randomly allocated to receive PCA with either a mixture of 3.75 mg droperidol and fentanyl 2500 microgram after initial bolus of 1.25 mg droperidol as the FD group, or a mixture of saline and fentanyl 2500 microgram as the FS group at the end of surgery. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV showed 52.5% in FS group and 15% in FD group respectively (P<0.05). The incidence of PONV was 2~3 times more in women (76% in FS group & 25% in FD group) than men (35% in FS group & 9% in FD group). CONCLUSION: The addition of droperidol to fentanyl in a PCA system reduces the PONV during the first 24 hours after surgery.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Antiemetics ; Droperidol* ; Female ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify how regular stimulation affects apnea of a premature infant. METHOD: This study was used a within-subjects design with repeated measure using GEE (General Estimating Equation) and had been conducted from July 1, 2003 to March 12, 2004. The subjects consisted of 11 apneic premature infants who had showed apnea more than twice for 12 hours. A regularly vibrating test lung was provided to the subjects to find how regular stimulation affects apnea. RESULT: From the result of regular stimulation for apneic premature infants, both the lowest SaO2 and the lowest heart rate at experimental period were found to be increased significantly. However, the decreased frequency of the apnea cases was not statistically effective. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that regular stimulation for apneic premature infants could be effective on increasing both SaO2 and heart rate. Therefore, we suggest regular stimulation to be used clinically to heal apnea of premature infants.
Apnea* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Lung ; Child Health

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Female ; Humans ; Sarcoma, Kaposi*

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Female ; Humans ; Sarcoma, Kaposi*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of our investigation was to evalute response to therapy and prognosis according to clinical and pathologic stage. METHODS: Fourteen children who had LCH were diagnosed between Jan., 1987 and Dec., 1996. Of the 14 patients, 3 patients with only skin involvement were excluded from this study. The medical records of 11 patients were reviewed for organ involvement at diagnosis, treatment, disease course, and late sequelae. Results: 1) As for the clinical stages, 4 patients were in stage I, 4 in stage II, one in stage III, and 2 in stage IV. As for the pathologic stages, four had monostotic disease, 2 polyostotic disease and 5 multisystemic disease. 2) All six patients with monostotic and polyostotic disease had a complete response to the therapy and remain alive free of disease. Three of the five with multisystemic disease had a complete response to the therapy, while two had a progression of disease. 3) Sequelae were observed in 3 patients including 2 with diabetes insipidus and 1 with hepatic and pulmonary dysfunctions. 4) The median follow-up time from diagnosis for all patients was 3.5 years. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival rate is 91%, with estimated EFS of 81.8% at 5 years. CONCLUSION: The clinical outcome of LCH patients with single system involvement including monostotic and polyostotic diseases were favorable and all remains alive free of disease. Multisystemic disease was associated with several unfavorable prognostic features including diagnosis at age <2 year, dysfunction of involved organs and advanced clinical stage.
Child ; Diabetes Insipidus ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Histiocytosis* ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Medical Records ; Prognosis ; Skin ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: Social support is defined as interpersonal transaction ; the giving of symbolic or material aid to another. It has been shown to have both buffering effects and direct beneficial effects on diverse health related outcomes. But there has been the dearth of well-validated measurement instruments. This article describes the development of Korean version of the Duke-UNC functional social support questionnaire(DUFSS), focusing on the aspect of social support. METHODS: The 13-item, self-administered questionnaire was translated to Korean language. It was evaluated on 177 patients attending the family medicine clinic of Seoul National University Hospital during one month(November, 1996.) Comparisons to the family APGAR, COOP/ WONCA functional status chart are made to assess validity. Factor analyses are performed. Correlation of the questionnire score with the sum of family APGAR and each items of COOP/ WONCA functional chart are measured Internal consistency are evaluated. RESULTS: The questionnaire score are correlated with significantly correlated with social activity item. The total Cronbachs alpha is calculated as 0.89. The four content areas developed by factor analyses are donfidant support(items 8, 9, 10), af fective support(items 4, 5, 6, 7), instrumental support(items 3, 12) and quantity of support(item 1). These shows similarity to American study results. CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of the Duke-UNC functional social support questionnaire has been documented as having high reliability and moderate validity. It covers two dimensions well(confidant support, affective support) with a small enough number of questions. Instrumental support may need further study.
Humans ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Osteoid Osteoma occurs anywhere in skeleton. They are most common in lower extremity, particularly femur about 40%. Two-thirds of femoral lesions is in the intertrochanter or intracapsular regions of the hip. The lesion is usually cortical and may extend into the periosteal or endosteal surface of the bone. It is rare in the cancellous bone. We experienced a case of osteoid osteoma in intertrochanteric cancellous portion of the femur in 50 year old man. Many complained right hip pain worsend three weeks before his visit. Radiograph shows sclerosis around a lucent nidus in cancellous portion. The lesion did not extend to the endosteal surface. We have removed nidus and surrounding reactive portion completely with curettage. Follow up radiographic results after 20 weeks, showed no evidence of recurrence.
Adult* ; Curettage ; Femur* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Middle Aged ; Osteoma, Osteoid* ; Recurrence ; Sclerosis ; Skeleton

This study is designed to compare the effectiveness of single-bolus lidocaine, fentanyl and esmolol at the time of postintubation to blunt the hemodynamic intubation response in hypertensive patients. Sixty mildly hypertensive patients, scheduled for elective surgery, were randomly assigned in a double blind to receive a preintubation dose : in the firat group(Group A),20 patients received 1.5mg/kg lidocaine ; in the second group(Group B), another 20 patients received 3 ug/kg fentanyl; and in the third group(Group C), another 20 patients received 100mg esmolol. Within the above mentioned framework, this study obtained the following results : Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rste (HR) and rate-pressure product (RPP) all significantly increased 1 minute after intubation. Fentanyl was more effective in protecting sgainst increase in SAP than lidocaine, which proves to be significant as shown in P<0.05. The statistical result, however, did not show the effectiveness of fentanyl signifieantly differed from that of esmolol in this respect. Esmolol preloading was significantly more effective in blunting hesrt rate than any other drugs. On the other hand, preloading of esmolol or fentanyl was significantly more effective in blunting rate-pressure product thsn lidocaine,which turned out to be P <0.05. Given these results, the present study concludes that esmolol preloading provides a reliable protection against increases in both heart rate and systolic srterial pressure accompanying laryngoscopy and intubation in hypertensive patients.
Arterial Pressure ; Fentanyl* ; Hand ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopy ; Lidocaine*